专题02 短语（名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语）（期末复习讲义）（原卷版）

3/3专题02短语（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析2025北京卷名词短语【考向透视】分析近年高考真题可知，高考语篇理解的核心是快速、准确地处理复杂信息，而长难句的难点常在于找准核心名词短语；完形填空考察在具体语境中准确选用词汇的能力，而这与短语结构密不可分；在语法填空更是直接、系统地考察语法知识，此中短语结构是高频考点；写作时语言输出能力的终极体现，短语的运用水平直接决定文章的档次。【复习目标】掌握名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的定义、功能和构成。强化对短语的识别能力，提升效率。融会贯通，在各大题型中化输入为输出。新高考I卷副词短语新高考II卷形容词短语；名词短语浙江卷名词短语2024新高考I卷名词新高考II卷名词全国甲卷形容词短语2023新高考I卷形容词短语新高考II卷名词短语；副词短语浙江卷名词短语全国乙卷形容词短语短语短语短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。根据中心词不同的词性，又可分为名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。知识点01名词短语1.定义:指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。Theboyinthecarismylittlebrother.车里的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。2.构成:名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是修饰语放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语；二是修饰语放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。具体形式如下所示。句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分)，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。限定词+名词theboy、twoclubs限定词+形容词(短语)+名词abeautifulgirl、someinterestingbooks限定词+动名词+名词thereadingroom限定词+描述性名词+名词ourschoollife、thetrainstation限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语thetallbuildingneartheriver限定词+名词+不定式短语themeetingtobeheld限定词+名词+分词短语theboywearingbluejeans限定词+名词+定语从句thepeopleImetthere限定词包括以下几类:3.功能：在句中当作名词用，一般作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。Theseredrosesareforyou.(作主语)这些红玫瑰是给你的。Asforme,Englishismyfavoritesubject.(作表语)对我来说,英语是我最喜欢的科目。YoumayaskyourEnglishteacherforhelp.(作宾语)你可以向你的英语老师寻求帮助。Wecallhimagreatteacher.(作宾语补足语)我们称他为伟大的教师。名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。Anumberofbooksareonthedesk.许多书在桌子上。Thenumberofbooksisnotlarge.书的数量并不多。知识点02形容词短语1.定义：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。IfeelextremelysatisfiedwithwhatI’veachieved.我对我所取得的成就感到非常满意。2.构成：形容词短语由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。副词+形容词verysuitable形容词+enoughgoodenough形容词+介词短语fullofwater副词+形容词+介词短语wellworthyofpraise形容词+并列连词+形容词richandstrong3.功能:在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。Theycangoboatinganddivinginlakesorseas,whichisextremelyexciting.(表语)他们可以去湖泊或大海里划船和潜水,这真是太令人兴奋了。Ifindourtextsverydifficultformetoremember.(宾语补足语)我发现我们的课文对我来说很难记住。知识点03副词短语1.定义：以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。Thepartylastnightwentprettywell.Everyonehadagreattimedancingandchatting.昨晚的派对进行得相当不错。每个人都尽情地跳舞、聊天。2.构成：副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。副词+副词quitewell、veryquickly副词+enoughclearlyenough副词+并列连词+副词againandagain、fasterandfaster3.功能：在句中当作副词用,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。Theydoquitewellinworkingingroups.(修饰动词)他们在团体合作方面做得很好。Quitecomfortably,theystayedatourapartmentfortwoweeks.(修饰句子)他们在我们的公寓里舒舒服服地住了两周。Theyaremuchtooexcitedtoseetheirfriendsagain.(修饰形容词)他们再次见到朋友们太兴奋了。副词enough在修饰形容词或副词构成形容词短语或副词短语时,一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。【即时检测】一、[语境运用]完成句子1.Thereis(一所美丽的学校)atthefootofthehill.

2.Ourstudentscanjoinin(一些课外活动)inthesparetime.

3.Everyonemayfeel(时间过得很快)whentheydosomethinginteresting.

4.Hewentonstudying(到深夜)yesterday.

二、找出下面语段中的形容词短语Lastweek,Ihadaveryimportantrunningraceontheschoolsportsday.Itwassohardformetokeepupwiththeotherrunners.Iwastooashamedtotellmydadaboutmypoorperformanceintherace,fearingthathewouldbereallydisappointedinme.Anyway,heknewIhadgivenitmyallandinspiredmetotrainmuchhardernexttime.解｜题｜技｜巧名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。限定词+名词theboy、twoclubs限定词+形容词(短语)+名词abeautifulgirl、someinterestingbooks限定词+动名词+名词thereadingroom限定词+描述性名词+名词ourschoollife、thetrainstation限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语thetallbuildingneartheriver限定词+名词+不定式短语themeetingtobeheld限定词+名词+分词短语theboywearingbluejeans限定词+名词+定语从句thepeopleImetthere形容词短语一般由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成。副词+形容词verysuitable形容词+enoughgoodenough形容词+介词短语fullofwater副词+形容词+介词短语wellworthyofpraise形容词+并列连词+形容词richandstrong副词短语由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成。具体形式如下所示。副词+副词quitewell、veryquickly副词+enoughclearlyenough副词+并列连词+副词againandagain、fasterandfaster基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1．Now,atage20,Ihaveagoodjobandanicehouse,andI’mreally________theindependenceI’veachieved.A．proudof B．sickof C．curiousabout D．worriedabout2．Weshould______everyopportunitytopracticeEnglishbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.A．makethemostof B．beawareof C．havetroublein D．beshortfor3．Accordingtotherulesofthecompany,thosewhoare________thegreatlossofmoneywillbefired.A．awareof B．qualifiedfor C．concernedabout D．responsiblefor4．Sheisaddictedtowatchingvideosonline.A．istiredof B．isafraidof C．isgoodat D．iscrazyabout5．Manypeoplearguethatreadinge-bookscanneverbe________theexperienceofholdingaprintedbook.A．inferiorto B．superiorto C．priorto D．seniorto6．Nowmoreandmorepeopleare______thedangerofdrinkingalcohol.A．tiredof B．fondof C．awareof D．proudof7．Itisnot________forteenagersofyourgenerationto________computergamesandtheonlineworld.A．extraordinary;bedevotedto B．formal;beaddictedtoC．positive;beresponsiblefor D．unusual;beattractedto8．Asteenagerswho______knowledge,weshouldlearnfrombothbooksandpracticalexperiences(实践经历).Justasasayinggoes,“Readtenthousandbooksandtraveltenthousandmiles.”A．aresureabout B．arethirstyfor C．arefullof9．Tomhasbeenwearinga________thesedaysbecausehefailedanimportantexam.A．practicaljoke B．longface C．laughingstock D．bananaskin10．Don’tbetoostrictwithhim—_________,he’sjusta6-year-oldkid.A．Afterall B．Inall C．Aboveall D．Atall11．________thethemeoftheExpowastopromoteculturalexchangeandstrengthenmutualcooperationbetweenthecountriesalongtheSilkRoad,Dunhuangwastheidealplace.A．Providedthat B．Sothat C．Giventhat D．Inorderthat12．Asautumncomes,ourclassroomsfeelcoolerandcooler,________.A．onebyone B．roombyroom C．daybyday D．sidebyside13．Iagreewithyourproposaltoacertainextent,butmoredataisneeded.A．toadegree B．tosumup C．tobehonest D．tothepoint14．EveryonelikesTombecausehehasagreatsenseofhumor.A．seriouspersonality B．funnynatureC．strongmemory D．kindheart15．Tounderstandthedifficultmathproblem,sheneededahighlevelofmentalintensity.A．focusedattention B．physicalstrengthC．relaxedattitude D．keeninterest重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能1．AllthestudentsareinvitedtotakepartintheEnglishspeechcontest.2．Mostofthelittlechildrenarenaturallycuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.3．Wetorfine,hegotupatsixandtookawalkinthepark.4．IfoundmathsquiteeasyandenjoyablebecausetheteachingmaterialwaslessadvancedintheUKthaninChina.5．Itwasrainingveryheavilyonthedaywemoved.6．Theboyenteredashoestorewhichwasbigandtidyandboughtapairofshoes.7．Theboyistooyoungtounderstandclearlyenoughwhathismotherhassaid.易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）一、完形填空GrowingupintheUSA,Ialwayswantedtoexperienceanotherculture.The1camewhenIwas15.Afterafewmonthsofplanningand2,Iwasreadytospendthesecondsemesterofmyfirsthighschoolyearasa(n)3studentinAustralia.4inPerthwasoneofthemostexcitingmomentsofmylife.Irealizedthenthattherewasnoturningback.ThefamilyIwould5waswaitingforme,anditwouldonlybefivedaysbeforethenewschoolyear.TheschoolIattendedwas6myschoolbackintheUnitedStates.Iwasquite7atfirst,especiallyneverhavingbeentoanewschool—evenintheUSA．Everythingwentwithout8,though.Theteacherswerewelcomingandthestudentswerefriendly.Themost9timewastravellingwithotherexchangestudentsaroundAustraliaduringoursemesterbreak.Thefewweekswe10togetherwerefullofamazingactivities.Attheendofour11inAustralia,wehadthreeweekstoshareourstoriesandhelpeachotherdealwithleaving.Itwasonly12thatourlastdaytogetherwasfilledwithtears.Wepackedourcamp,13e-mailaddressesandgatheredtogetherforafinalgoodbye.

Uponcominghome,anopenmindwasagainimportant.Resettlinghometooktimeand14,butatlastImadeit.Allthewhile,IwasthoughtfultoletmyfamilyandfriendsknowhowhappyIwastobehomeandhowmuchIhadmissedthem—thoughtheexperienceisstill15withme.So,ifyouhavetheopportunitytostudyabroad,youmostcertainlyshouldgo.1．A．task B．dream C．chance D．vacation2．A．packing B．convincing C．performing D．preparing3．A．exchange B．freshman C．junior D．senior4．A．Flying B．Landing C．Working D．Studying5．A．catchupwith B．putupwith C．dealwith D．livewith6．A．similarto B．differentfrom C．asgoodas D．thesameas7．A．excited B．annoyed C．worried D．confused8．A．hope B．doubt C．difficulty D．argument9．A．valuable B．acceptable C．comfortable D．unforgettable10．A．spent B．lived C．studied D．worked11．A．stay B．visit C．trip D．holiday12．A．funny B．natural C．strange D．simple13．A．made B．wrote C．shared D．exchanged14．A．effort B．money C．ability D．wisdom15．A．sadly B．clearly C．lively D．amazingly链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）一、单项选择1.(2024·全国甲卷)Theyare(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).

2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Itwasvery(excite)toheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang’splaywasbeingperformed.

3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Afteraheated(discuss)thatlastedforwhatseemedlikeacentury,Gunterputhisphonedownandstartedthecar.

(2023·浙江1月卷)Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutvery(quick).

（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.二、语法填空（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IwasbornandraisedinCleveland,OhiointheUnitedStates.Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,1bambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarea