知识清单02 必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理(期末复习知识清单) （默写版）

3/7知识清单02必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理清单清单01词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三)Unit1NoLimits1._____________（n.限制；v.限制）→_____________（adj.有限的）→_____________（adj.无限的）→_____________（n.局限）2._____________（n.挑战；v.挑战）→_____________（adj.具有挑战性的）→_____________（n.挑战者）3._____________（v.实现；达成）→_____________（n.成就）→_____________（adj.可实现的）4._____________（v.激励；启发）→_____________（n.灵感；激励）→_____________（adj.受启发的）→_____________（adj.鼓舞人心的）5._____________（v.坚持）→_____________（n.坚持）→_____________（adj.坚持不懈的）6._____________（n.勇气）→_____________（adj.勇敢的）→_____________（adv.勇敢地）7._____________（v.探索；探险）→_____________（n.探索）→_____________（n.探险家）→_____________（adj.探索性的）8._____________（v.克服）→_____________（n.克服）→_____________（adj.被克服的，过去分词作定语）9._____________（adj.潜在的；n.潜力）→_____________（adv.潜在地）10._____________（n.雄心；抱负）→_____________（adj.有雄心的）→_____________（adv.雄心勃勃地）Unit2RoadstoEducation1._____________（v.教育）→_____________（n.教育）→_____________（adj.有教育意义的）→_____________（n.教育家）2._____________（n.通道；使用权；v.接近）→_____________（adj.可获得的；易接近的）→_____________（n.难以获得）3._____________（adj.平等的；v.等于）→_____________（n.平等）→_____________（adv.平等地）→_____________（n.不平等）4._____________（v.竞争）→_____________（n.竞争）→_____________（adj.有竞争力的）→_____________（n.竞争者）5._____________（v.发展；培养）→_____________（n.发展）→_____________（adj.发达的）→_____________（adj.发展中的）6._____________（n.机会）→_____________（adj.投机的）→_____________（adv.适时地）7._____________（v.致力于；奉献）→_____________（n.奉献）→_____________（adj.忠诚的；投入的）8._____________（v.实现；达成）→_____________（n.成就）→_____________（adj.可实现的）9._____________（n.挑战；v.挑战）→_____________（adj.具有挑战性的）→_____________（n.挑战者）10._____________（adj.意识到的）→_____________（n.意识）→_____________（adj.未意识到的）清单清单02识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧)Unit1NoLimits1._____________（v.超越；胜过）搭配：__________________________（超出预期）、__________________________（超越自我）2._____________（v./n.努力；尽力）搭配：__________________________（努力做某事）、__________________________（竭尽全力）3._____________（adj.艰难的；坚韧的）搭配：__________________________（艰巨的挑战）、__________________________（意志坚定的）4._____________（v.奋斗；力求）搭配：__________________________（追求成功）、__________________________（力求进步）5._____________（n.突破；重大进展）搭配：__________________________（取得突破）、__________________________（科学上的突破）6._____________（n.韧性；适应力）搭配：__________________________（在困境中展现韧性）、__________________________（培养适应力）7._____________（v.追求；致力于）搭配：__________________________（追求梦想）、__________________________（致力于事业）8._____________（v.使气馁；吓倒）搭配：__________________________（被困难吓倒）、__________________________（无所畏惧）9._____________（v.擅长；突出）搭配：__________________________（在某方面擅长）、__________________________（表现出色）10._____________（v.坚持不懈）搭配：__________________________（坚持不懈做某事）、__________________________（历经艰辛仍坚持不懈）Unit2RoadstoEducation1._____________（v.追求；致力于）搭配：__________________________（追求教育）、__________________________（攻读学位）、__________________________（追求梦想）2._____________（v.获得；习得）搭配：__________________________（获取知识）、__________________________（习得技能）、__________________________（养成习惯）3._____________（v.致力于；奉献）搭配：__________________________（致力于）、__________________________（把时间/精力投入到）4._____________（v.优先考虑；重视）搭配：__________________________（重视教育）、__________________________（优先考虑学生需求）5._____________（v.克服；战胜）搭配：__________________________（克服困难）、__________________________（战胜障碍）、__________________________（克服挑战）6._____________（v./n.接近；使用）搭配：__________________________（受教育的机会）、__________________________（有使用/获得……的权利）7._____________（adj.平等的；v.等于）搭配：__________________________（等于；能胜任）、__________________________（平等机会）、__________________________（促进平等）8._____________（v.竞争）搭配：__________________________（为……竞争）、__________________________（与……竞争）、__________________________（参加……竞争）9._____________（v.贡献；促成）搭配：__________________________（为……做贡献；促成）、__________________________（捐款/贡献时间）10._____________（v.激励；激发）搭配：__________________________（激励某人做某事）、__________________________（受……激励）清单清单03高频短语(积少成多，活学活用)Unit1NoLimits1.__________________________（超越极限）2.__________________________（迎接挑战）3.__________________________（永不放弃）4.__________________________（尽管；不管）5.__________________________（设定目标）6.__________________________（把自己推向极限）7.__________________________（克服障碍）8.__________________________（追求；寻求）9.__________________________（尽管困难重重）10.__________________________（取得巨大成就）Unit2RoadstoEducation1.__________________________（有使用/获得……的权利）2.__________________________（致力于；全身心投入）3.__________________________（攻读学位）4.__________________________（克服困难）5.__________________________（平等的教育机会）6.__________________________（为教育发展做贡献）7.__________________________（尽管；不管）8.__________________________（为……开辟新道路）9.__________________________（把……置于……之上优先考虑）10.__________________________（取得学业成功）清单清单04高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩)Unit1NoLimits1.强调坚持的重要性：Itisperseverancethatenablessb.to...（正是坚持使某人能够……）例句：__________________________overcomecountlessdifficultiesandachievehisdreamofbecominganastronaut.（正是坚持使他克服了无数困难，实现了成为宇航员的梦想。）2.表达挑战与成长：Facedwith...,sb.notonly...butalso...（面对……，某人不仅……而且……）例句：__________________________thetoughcompetitionintheexam,____________________________________________________inovercomingchallenges.（面对考试中的激烈竞争，她不仅改进了学习方法，还增强了克服挑战的信心。）3.说明潜力无限：Thereisnolimittowhatsb.canachieveaslongas...（只要……，某人能取得的成就就没有极限）例句：____________________________________________________wekeepstrivingandneverlosefaithinourselves.（只要我们持续奋斗，不丧失对自己的信心，我们能取得的成就就没有极限。）4.描述突破与超越：By...,sb.madeabreakthroughin...andsurpassed...（通过……，某人在……方面取得突破，并超越了……）例句：Bydevotingyearstoresearch,____________________________________________________manyexpertsinthefield.（通过多年的研究投入，这位科学家在医疗技术方面取得突破，并超越了该领域的许多专家。）5.提出激励性观点：Nomatterhow...sb.is,theycan...aslongastheyhave...（无论某人多么……，只要他们拥有……，就能……）例句：__________________________,wecangobeyondlimitsaslongaswehavecourageandperseverance.（无论前路多么艰难，只要我们拥有勇气和坚持，就能超越极限。）Unit2RoadstoEducation1.强调教育的重要性：Thereisnodenyingthateducationplaysavitalrolein...（毫无疑问，教育在……中起着至关重要的作用）例句：____________________________________________________personalgrowthandsocialprogress.（毫无疑问，教育在个人成长和社会进步中起着至关重要的作用。）2.表达获得教育的途径：Formanypeople,[途径]isakeywaytoaccessqualityeducation,especiallyin...（对许多人来说，……是获得优质教育的关键途径，尤其是在……）例句：Formanyruralstudents,____________________________________________________areaswithlimitededucationalresources.（对许多农村学生来说，网络课程是获得优质教育的关键途径，尤其是在教育资源有限的地区。）3.说明克服困难的决心：Nomatterwhatdifficultiestheymayencounter,sb.isdeterminedto...inordertopursuetheireducationalgoals.（无论遇到什么困难，某人都决心……以追求自己的教育目标。）例句：____________________________________________________,thechildreninremoteareasaredeterminedtowalkforhourseverydayinordertopursuetheireducationalgoals.（无论遇到什么困难，偏远地区的孩子们都决心每天步行数小时，以追求自己的教育目标。）4.提出教育平等的观点：Everyone,regardlessof...,shouldhaveequalaccesstoeducation,foritis...（无论……，每个人都应享有平等的受教育机会，因为它是……）例句：__________________________,regardlessoftheirfamilybackgroundorfinancialstatus,____________________________________________________thefoundationofafairsociety.（无论家庭背景或经济状况如何，每个人都应享有平等的受教育机会，因为它是公平社会的基础。）5.描述教育的影响：Educationnotonlyhelpssb.acquire...butalsoenablesthemto...（教育不仅帮助某人获得……，还能让他们……）例句：__________________________knowledgeandskills__________________________criticalthinkingandbecomeresponsiblecitizens.（教育不仅帮助人们获取知识和技能，还能让他们培养批判性思维，成为负责任的公民。）清单清单05单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵)Unit1NoLimits围绕“突破极限、挑战自我、坚持与成就”等话题，体裁以议论文、记叙文、演讲稿为主。通用表达词汇1.挑战与突破类：_____________（超越）、_____________（突破）、_____________（挑战）、_____________（克服）、_____________（超越）、_____________（征服）、_____________（冒险）、_____________（推动）、_____________（奋斗）、_____________（努力）2.品质与态度类：_____________（坚持不懈的）、_____________（勇敢的）、_____________（有韧性的）、_____________（有雄心的）、_____________（坚定的）、_____________（坚韧的）、_____________（乐观的）、_____________（执着的）、_____________（无畏的）、_____________（专注的）3.成就与成长类：_____________（成就）、_____________（功绩）、_____________（里程碑）、_____________（进步）、_____________（成长）、_____________（胜利）、_____________（成就感）、_____________（实现）、_____________（达成）、_____________（脱颖而出）高频通用句式1.引出话题：_________________________________________________________________________________（当谈及突破极限、追求梦想时，无数励志故事提醒我们，一切皆有可能。）2.描述挑战：_________________________________________________________________________________（面对……，某人没有退缩，而是选择迎接挑战，将自己推向极限。）3.强调坚持的重要性：_________________________________________________________________________（不是天赋，而是坚持，使某人能够克服障碍，取得非凡成就。）4.表达突破与成长：__________________________________________________________________________（通过……，某人不仅超越了自我，还获得了塑造人生的宝贵经验。）5.激励性观点：______________________________________________________________________________（只要我们有勇气迈出第一步，有毅力坚持下去，就能突破任何障碍，实现目标。）6.总结升华：_________________________________________________________________________________（总之，突破极限的道路布满艰辛，但我们的每一份努力终将有所回报，引领我们成为更好的自己。）范文背诵：议论文（探讨突破极限的意义）BreakThroughLimits,AchievetheImpossibleThereisacommonsaying:“Theonlylimitistheoneyousetforyourself.”Thissentenceperfectlyillustratesthathumanpotentialisunlimited,andbreakingthroughself-imposedboundariesisthekeytoachievingextraordinarythings.Throughouthistory,countlesspeoplehaveproventhatlimitscanbesurpassedwithcourageandperseverance.TakeHelenKeller,forexample.Borndeafandblind,shefacedunimaginabledifficultiesincommunicationandlearning.However,shedidnotletherphysicallimitationsdefineher.Withthehelpofherteacherandherownpersistentefforts,shelearnedtoread,write,andspeak,eventuallybecomingafamouswriterandsocialactivist.Herstorytellsusthataslongaswerefusetogiveup,eventhemostseeminglyinsurmountablebarrierscanbeovercome.Inmoderntimes,thespiritofbreakinglimitsisequallyinspiring.Athletespushtheirphysicallimitsineverycompetition,strivingtorunfaster,jumphigher,andliftheavier.Scientistsdedicateyearstoresearch,makingbreakthroughsinfieldsthatwereoncethoughtimpossible.Ordinarypeoplealsobreaktheirownlimitsindailylife—learninganewskillinmiddleage,startingabusinessafterfailure,orovercomingafearthathaslastedforyears.Alltheseexamplesshowthatlimitsarenotfixed;theycanbechallengedandsurpassedthroughcontinuousefforts.However,breakinglimitsisnotaneasytask.Itrequiresustostepoutofourcomfortzones,facefailuresbravely,andkeepmovingforwardevenwhenwefeeldiscouraged.Weneedtosetcleargoals,makepracticalplans,andbelieveinourselvesunconditionally.Aslongaswehavethedeterminationtopersistandthecouragetotakeaction,wecanturn“impossible”into“possible.”Inconclusion,breakingthroughlimitsisajourneyofself-discoveryandgrowth.Itallowsustotapintoourpotential,achievewhatweoncethoughtwasbeyondourreach,andbecomestrongerandmoreconfident.Letusembracechallenges,refusetobelimitedbyourselves,andstrivetocreateabrighterfuture.Unit2RoadstoEducation围绕“教育意义、教育公平、求学之路、教育发展”等话题，体裁以议论文、书信、观点陈述文为主。通用表达词汇1.教育核心类：___________（教育）、___________（学术的）、___________（课程）、___________（读写能力）、___________（奖学金）、___________（资格）、___________（文凭）、___________（学费）、___________（导师）、___________（校园）2.行动与追求类：___________（追求）、___________（习得）、___________（致力于）、___________（奋斗）、___________（克服）、___________（坚持）、___________（渴望）、___________（努力）、___________（参与）、___________（擅长）3.价值与影响类：___________（至关重要的）、___________（基础的）、___________（变革性的）、___________（赋权的）、___________（包容的）、___________（公平的）、___________（繁荣的）、___________（启发的）、___________（可持续的）、___________（有影响力的）高频通用句式1.引出教育话题：_____________________________________________________________________________（当谈及教育之路时，我们无法忽视一个事实：教育是个人成长和社会进步的基础。）2.强调教育重要性：___________________________________________________________________________（毫无疑问，教育在塑造个人未来、让人们充分发挥潜力方面发挥着变革性作用。）3.讨论教育公平：_____________________________________________________________________________（无论性别、种族或经济背景如何，每个人都应享有平等的优质教育机会，因为这是一项基本人权。）4.描述求学困境与突破：_______________________________________________________________________（面对……，许多人不得不更加努力地追求教育梦想，而他们的坚持往往带来非凡的成就。）5.提出教育发展建议：_________________________________________________________________________（为促进教育公平与发展，政府、学校和个人必须共同努力……）6.总结教育意义：____________________________________________________________________________（总之，教育不仅仅是获取知识，更是赋予个人力量、培养批判性思维、构建更包容繁荣社会的过程。）范文背诵：议论文（探讨教育公平的重要性）EducationforAll:TheCornerstoneofaFairSocietyEducationisoftenregardedasthemostpowerfultooltochangeone’sfateandbuildabetterworld.However,educationalinequalitystillexistsinmanypartsoftheworld,deprivingcountlesspeopleoftheopportunitytopursuetheirdreams.Therefore,promotingeducationalequityhasbecomeanurgenttaskforsociety.Educationalequitymeansthateveryone,regardlessoftheirfamilybackground,financialstatus,orplaceofresidence,shouldhaveequalaccesstoqualityeducation.Itisthecornerstoneofafairsocietybecauseeducationenablesindividualstoacquireknowledge,developskills,andrealizetheirfullpotential.Forexample,inremoteruralareas,manychildrenusedtodropoutofschoolduetolackofeducationalresourcesandpoorlivingconditions.Butwiththedevelopmentofonlineeducationandgovernmentsupport,theycannowaccesscoursestaughtbyexcellentteachersthroughtheInternet,narrowingtheeducationalgapbetweenurbanandruralareas.Moreover,educationalequityiscrucialforsocialprogressandstability.Whenpeoplehaveequalopportunitiestoreceiveeducation,theyaremorelikelytofinddecentjobs,improvetheirlivingstandards,andcontributetosociety.Onthecontrary,educationalinequalitymayleadtosocialdivisionandinjustice,asthosewhoaredeniededucationoftenstruggletoescapepovertyandhavelimitedchancestosucceed.Historyhasproventhatcountrieswithhigheducationalequitytendtobemoreprosperousandharmonious.Toachieveeducationalequity,jointeffortsareneededfromallsectorsofsociety.Governmentsshouldincreaseinvestmentineducation,especiallyinunderdevelopedareas,toimproveschoolfacilitiesandtrainmoreteachers.Schoolsshouldprovidescholarshipsandfinancialaidforpoorstudentstoensuretheydonotdropoutduetoeconomicdifficulties.Individualsshouldalsocherisheducationalopportunitiesandstrivetoovercomedifficultiesintheirpursuitofknowledge.Inconclusion,educationforallisnotjustadreambutanecessaryconditionforbuildingafairandprosperoussociety.Everyefforttopromoteeducationalequitywillbringusclosertoaworldwhereeveryonecanrealizetheirpotentialthrougheducation.Letusworktogethertobreakdownbarriersandcreateequaleducationalopportunitiesforall.题型题型012单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发)Unit1NoLimits1.Withgreatcourageandperseverance,shemanagedtoo______(克服)alltheobstaclesinhercareer.2.Thescientist’sresearchhasmadeamajorb______(突破)inthetreatmentofrarediseases.3.Itisimportanttosetrealisticgoalsthatarea______(可实现的)withhardwork.4.Hisinspiringspeechfilleduswithconfidenceande______(激励)ustopursueourdreamsbravely.5.Shehasastrongp______(潜力)inmusicandhaswonmanyawardsincompetitions.6.Theyoungathletepushedhimselftothel______(极限)andwonthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.7.Inspiteofthetoughconditions,theexplorerscontinuedtheirj______(探索)oftheunknownforest.8.Hisa______(雄心)tobecomeatopdoctordriveshimtostudyhardeveryday.9.Weneedtober______(有韧性的)inthefaceoffailuresandlearnfromourmistakes.10.Theteam’ss______(坚持)finallypaidoffwhentheywonthechampionshipafteryearsofhardwork.Unit2RoadstoEducation1.Everychild,regardlessoftheirbackground,shouldhaveequala______(机会；使用权)toqualityeducation.2.Shehasd______(致力于)herselftohelpingpoorstudentsaccesseducationforover20years.3.Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestopromoteeducationale______(平等)betweenurbanandruralareas.4.Toa______(获得)knowledgeandskills,wemustkeeplearningthroughoutourlives.5.Theyoungteacher’sd______(奉献)toteachinginspiredmanystudentstopursuetheirdreams.6.Weneedtoo______(克服)difficultiessuchaslackofresourcestoimproveruraleducation.7.Itisimportanttoraisepeople’sa______(意识)oftheimportanceoflifelonglearning.8.Studentsshouldp______(优先考虑)theirstudieswhilealsodevelopingpracticalskills.9.Thenewpolicyaimstoprovidemoreeducationalo______(机会)forchildrenfromlow-incomefamilies.10.Hishardworkandperseveranceledtogreata______(成就)inhisacademiccareer.题型题型022单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用)Unit1NoLimits1.Itisperseverancethat______(enable)peopletobreakthroughlimitsandachievetheirgoals.（2023·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）2.Facedwithsuchachallengingtask,shedidn’tgiveupbut______(strive)tofindasolution.（2022·浙江卷）3.Theyoungmanregretted______(notseize)theopportunitytostudyabroadwhenhehadthechance.（2021·全国卷Ⅱ）4.AsfarasI’mconcerned,______(overcome)difficultiesisanimportantpartofpersonalgrowth.（2020·江苏卷）5.Thescientist,who______(devote)yearstoresearch,madeagreatbreakthroughinhisfield.（2019·天津卷）6.Thereisnolimittowhatwecanachieveaslongaswekeep______(believe)inourselves.（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）7.Heisambitious______(become)aleaderinthetechindustryandhasbeenworkinghardforit.（2023·山东卷）8.The______(challenge)taskdidn’tdaunther;instead,itmotivatedhertoworkharder.（2022·北京卷）9.By______(push)himselftothelimit,hefinallysucceededincompletingtheprojectaheadofschedule.（2021·浙江卷）10.Itisthefirsttimethatshe______(surpass)herownrecordinthe100-meterrace.（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）Unit2RoadstoEducation1.Thereisnodenyingthateducationplaysavitalrolein______(shape)one’sfuture.（2023·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）2.Thestudentsarelookingforwardto______(have)accesstomoreonlinecoursestoenrichtheirknowledge.（2022·浙江卷）3.Sheregretted______(notdevote)moretimetoherstudieswhenshewasinhighschool.（2021·全国卷Ⅱ）4.AsfarasI’mconcerned,______(overcome)difficultiesintheprocessoflearninghelpsusgrow.（2020·江苏卷）5.Theteacher,who______(devote)mostofherlifetoeducation,isdeeplyrespectedbyherstudents.（2019·天津卷）6.Everyone,regardlessoftheirgenderorbackground,shouldbegivenequal______(opportunity)toreceiveeducation.（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）7.Heisdetermined______(pursue)adegreeineducationtobecomeaqualifiedteacher.（2023·山东卷）8.The______(access)ofonlineeducationhasmadeiteasierforruralstudentstolearn.（2022·北京卷）9.By______(contribute)theirtimeandenergy,volunteershavehelpedmanypoorchildrengotoschool.（2021·浙江卷）10.Itisthefirsttimethatthegovernment______(take)suchstrongmeasurestopromoteeducationalequity.（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）题型题型032完成句子(精彩句型，活学即用)Unit1NoLimits1.________________(面对困难)，weshouldneverlosefaithinourselves.2.Theyoungentrepreneur________________(取得了巨大成就)throughyearsofhardworkandinnovation.3.________________(正是坚持)thathelpedhimovercomecountlessfailuresandrealizehisdream.4.Weshould________________(设定目标)andstrivetoachievethemstepbystep.5.________________(尽管困难重重)，theymanagedtofinishthetaskontime.6.Hisinspiringstory________________(激励我们)tobreakthroughourownlimits.7.________________(只要我们不放弃)，wewilleventuallyachievewhatwedesire.8.She________________(致力于)helpingpoorchildrengetaccesstoeducationforover20years.9.________________(没有极限)towhatapersoncanachievewithcourageandperseverance.10.________________(迎接挑战)isanecessaryexperienceforeveryonewhowantstogrow.Unit2RoadstoEducation1.________________(毫无疑问)thateducationisthefoundationofpersonalgrowthandsocialprogress.2.Thegovernment________________(增加投资)inruraleducationtoimproveschoolfacilities.3.She________________(致力于)teachingandhashelpedhundredsofstudentsachievetheirdreams.4.________________(无论多么困难)theroadtoeducationis,weshouldnevergiveup.5.Everychild________________(应该享有平等的机会)toreceivequalityeducation.6.Wecan________________(通过网络课程获得)knowledgethatwecan’tlearninclass.7.________________(为了促进教育公平),schoolsshouldprovidefinancialaidforpoorstudents.8.Hisinspiringstory________________(激励我们)toovercomedifficultiesinourstudies.9.________________(培养学生的批判性思维)isanimportantgoalofmoderneducation.10.Manyvolunteers________________(贡献时间和精力)tohelpchildreninremoteareas.Unit1NoLimits1.limitvslimitation•limit：作名词时指“限制、界限”，侧重具体的约束或可达到的最大限度；作动词时表示“限制”。例：Thereisatimelimitforthistask.（这项任务有时间限制。/Weshouldlimitourscreentime.）•limitation：指“局限、不足之处”，侧重事物本身固有的缺陷或能力上的限制，不可数或可数复数。例：Theplanhassomelimitationsduetolackoffunding.（由于资金不足，这个计划存在一些局限性。）2.challengevsdifficulty•challenge：侧重“具有挑战性的任务、挑战”，隐含“需要努力克服并能从中成长”的积极意味，可作动词或名词。例：ClimbingMountEverestisagreatchallenge.（攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项巨大的挑战。/Shechallengedherselftolearnanewlanguage.）•difficulty：通用词，指“困难、难题”，侧重完成某事时遇到的阻碍或麻烦，可指具体困难或抽象的艰难处境。例：Weencounteredmanydifficultiesintheprocessoftheproject.（我们在项目过程中遇到了很多困难。）3.achievevsaccomplish•achieve：侧重“通过努力达成目标、取得成就”，宾语多为抽象名词（如success、goal、dream）。例：Sheachievedherdreamofbecomingadoctorafteryearsofhardwork.（经过多年努力，她实现了成为医生的梦想。）•accomplish：侧重“完成某项任务、实现某个计划”，宾语多为具体的任务、项目或目标，强调完成的结果。例：Theyaccomplishedtheprojectaheadofschedulewithteamwork.（凭借团队合作，他们提前完成了项目。）4.inspiredvsinspiring•inspired：形容人“受启发的、有灵感的”，主语为人或与人相关的创作（如works、design）。例：Afterlisteningtothespeech,thestudentsfeltinspiredanddeterminedtostudyharder.（听完演讲后，学生们深受鼓舞，决心更加努力学习。）•inspiring：形容事物“鼓舞人心的、令人振奋的”，主语为物（如story、speech、personality）。例：Hisinspiringlifestoryhastouchedmillionsofpeople.（他那鼓舞人心的人生故事感动了数百万人。）5.persistvspersevere•persist：侧重“持续存在、坚持（某种行为或观点）”，可指积极或消极的坚持，常与in搭配。例：Therainpersistedforthreedays,causingfloodsinsomeareas.（雨下了三天，导致一些地区发生洪水。/Hepersistedinhisopiniondespiteopposition.）•persevere：侧重“在困难或挫折中坚持不懈、顽强不屈”，仅用于积极语境，常与in/with搭配。例：Sheperseveredinherresearchevenwhenfacedwithrepeatedfailures.（即使面临多次失败，她仍坚持自己的研究。）6.couragevsbravery•courage：侧重“内心的勇气、胆量”，指面对危险、困难时不退缩的精神品质，是抽象名词。例：Ittakesgreatcouragetoadmitone’smistakes.（承认自己的错误需要很大的勇气。）•bravery：侧重“具体行动中表现出的勇敢、英勇”，强调外在的行为表现，可用于形容具体的勇敢举动。例：Thesoldierwasawardedamedalforhisbraveryinthebattle.（这位士兵因在战斗中的英勇表现被授予勋章。）7.explorevsinvestigate•explore：侧重“探索、探险”，指对未知的领域、事物进行考察、研究，以发现新信息或可能性。例：Scientistsareexploringthedeepseatofindnewspecies.（科学家们正在探索深海以寻找新物种。）•investigate：侧重“调查、查明”，指为弄清事实真相或原因而进行的系统调查，常与案件、问题、事故搭配。例：Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecauseofthecaraccident.（警方正在调查这起车祸的原因。）8.surpassvsexceed•surpass：侧重“超越、胜过”，指在能力、成就、质量等方面超过他人或预期，语气较正式，隐含“优于”的意味。例：Herperformancesurpassedallexpectationsinthecompetition.（她在比赛中的表现超出了所有人的预期。）•exceed：侧重“超过（数量、限度、标准）”，指在数值、范围等方面超出规定或预期，使用范围更广，可用于具体或抽象的数量。例：Thecostoftheprojectexceededourbudgetby10%.（这个项目的成本超出了我们的预算10%。）9.ambitionvsaspiration•ambition：侧重“雄心、抱负”，常指追求权力、地位、成功等具体目标的强烈愿望，可褒可贬。例：Hisambitiontobecomethecompany’sCEOdriveshimtoworkovertimeeveryday.（他想成为公司首席执行官的雄心驱使他每天加班。）•aspiration：侧重“渴望、志向”，指对崇高理想、美好事物的追求，语气更庄重、褒义，多为抽象的精神追求。例：Shehasastrongaspirationtocontributetoenvironmentalprotection.（她有着为环保事业做贡献的强烈志向。）10.potentialvscapability•potential：侧重“潜在的能力、潜力”，指尚未被开发或展现出来的能力，强调可能性。例：Theyoungstudenthasgreatpotentialinmathematics;weshouldcultivateit.（这个年轻学生在数学方面有很大潜力，我们应该加以培养。）•capability：侧重“实际的能力、才能”，指已经具备的、能够完成某事的能力，强调实际操作性。例：Shehasthecapabilitytomanageateamof50people.（她有能力管理一个50人的团队。）Unit2RoadstoEducation1.accessvsapproach•access：作名词时侧重“使用权、获取途径”，常与介词to搭配，强调“能否得到某物/机会”；作动词时表“接近、获取”。例：Studentsinremoteareasnowhaveaccesstoonlinecourses.（偏远地区的学生现在能获取网络课程。）•approach：作名词时侧重“方法、途径”，也可指“接近”的动作；作动词时表“走近、着手处理”。例：Weneedapracticalapproachtosolvetheproblemofeducationalinequality.（我们需要切实可行的方法解决教育不公问题。）2.equalvsequitable•equal：侧重“数量、地位等方面的平等”，强调无差异，可作形容词、动词或名词。例：Everyoneshouldhaveequalrightstoeducation.（每个人都应享有平等的受教育权利。）•equita