2025考研英语阅读理解专项训练卷

2025考研英语阅读理解专项训练卷考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷第一部分阅读理解（本部分共4篇文章，每篇文章后面有5道题，请根据文章内容回答问题。）Passage1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersdirectly,industriesfromtransportationtofreelancewritinghaveseenasurgeinshort-term,project-basedwork.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstochoosetheirhours,projects,andoften,theirlocation.Formany,itrepresentsanescapefromtherigidstructuresoftraditionalemployment,offeringautonomyandthepotentialforhigherearningsbasedonperformanceratherthanseniority.However,thepictureisnotwithoutitsshadows.Thelackoftraditionalbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleaveisamajorconcernforgigworkers.Withoutthesafetynetprovidedbyemployers,financialinstabilitycanloomlarge,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.Furthermore,theintermittentnatureofworkcanleadtopsychologicalstress,includinganxietyaboutfutureincomeandasenseofisolationduetothelackofastableteamenvironment.Thegigeconomyalsoraisesquestionsaboutlaborrightsandthepowerimbalancebetweenplatformcompaniesandindividualworkers,whooftenhavelimitedbargainingpower.Asgovernmentsandsocietiesgrapplewiththeimplicationsofthisevolvingworkforce,debatesintensifyoverhowtoregulatethesenewformsofemployment.Shouldgigworkersbeclassifiedasemployeesentitledtobenefits,oraretheyindependentcontractorsoperatinginafreemarket?Theanswermaylienotinaone-size-fits-allapproachbutinrecognizingthediversityofgigworkandimplementingpoliciesthatprotectworkerswhilefosteringinnovation.Thiscouldinvolveportablebenefitssystems,alternativedisputeresolutionmechanisms,orclearerguidelinesonwhatconstitutesafairworkingrelationshipinthedigitalage.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheprimaryadvantagesofthegigeconomyforindividuals?2.Whatsignificantconcernsareraisedbythelackoftraditionalbenefitsforgigworkers?3.Theauthorsuggeststhattheissueofgigworkerclassificationiscomplex.Whatdoesthisimplyaboutpotentialsolutions?4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisapotentialpsychologicalconsequenceofgigwork?5.Whatdoesthepassageindicateisakeychallengefacingpolicymakersregardingthegigeconomy?Passage2Theconceptof"deepwork,"popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbyconstantdigitalnotificationsandthepressuretobeconstantlyconnected,thecapacityfordeepworkhasbecomeincreasinglyrareandvaluable.Thisabilityallowsindividualstoproducehigh-qualitywork,solvecomplexproblems,andmakesignificantadvancementsintheirfields.Itisoftenassociatedwithpeakcreativityandproductivity.However,cultivatingdeepworkisnotwithoutitschallenges.Themodernenvironmentisdesignedtoconstantlydistract.Socialmediafeeds,emailalerts,andthelureofinstantentertainmentcreateapersistentcognitiveloadthatmakessustainedfocusdifficult.Furthermore,manyarguethatthecurrenteducationalsystemdoesnotsufficientlytrainstudentsinthedisciplinerequiredfordeepwork,favoringinsteadthedisseminationofinformationoverthefocusedapplicationofknowledge.Despitethesedifficulties,thebenefitsofdeepworkarecompelling.Inaworldwhereinformationisabundantbutdeepunderstandingisscarce,theabilitytoengageinfocused,high-qualityworkprovidesasignificantcompetitiveadvantage.Itallowsindividualstonotjustkeepup,buttotrulymovetheneedleintheirprofessionalandpersonallives.Therefore,developingthehabitofdeepwork—creatingrituals,minimizingdistractions,anddedicatingblocksoftimetofocusedeffort—shouldbeviewedasacriticalskillforanyoneseekingtomaximizetheirpotentialinthemodernworld.Questions:6.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassageregarding"deepwork"?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthemainobstaclestoachievingdeepwork?8.Thepassagementionsthatdeepworkisassociatedwithpeakcreativity.Whatdoesthissuggestaboutitsnature?9.Whatbenefitdoesthepassageidentifyasakeyadvantageofpossessingtheabilitytododeepwork?10.Basedonthepassage,whatissuggestedasanecessarystepforindividualswantingtocultivatedeepwork?Passage3Urbanizationistransformingthegloballandscapeatanunprecedentedrate.Citiesarenolongerjustcentersofcommerceandgovernancebutareincreasinglybecominghubsforinnovation,culture,andsocialinteraction.Thisshiftisdrivenbyaconfluenceoffactors,includingpopulationgrowth,technologicaladvancements,andthepursuitofabetterqualityoflife.Asmorepeoplemovetourbanareas,citiesmustadapttoaccommodatethisinflux,leadingtothedevelopmentofnewinfrastructure,housingsolutions,andpublicservices.However,rapidurbanizationbringsitsownsetofchallenges.Issuessuchastrafficcongestion,airandwaterpollution,andthestrainonhousingandutilitiesarecommonconcernsinrapidlygrowingmetropolises.Theconcentrationofpeopleinalimitedspacecanalsoleadtosocialproblemslikecrimeandinequality.Furthermore,theenvironmentalfootprintofcities—relatedtoenergyconsumption,wasteproduction,andresourcedepletion—raisesserioussustainabilityquestions.Managingthesechallengesrequiresthoughtfulurbanplanningandtheadoptionofsustainablepractices.Despitethedifficulties,thepotentialbenefitsofurbanizationareimmense.Citiesfostereconomicgrowthbyconcentratingbusinessesandtalent,offeringgreateraccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andprovidingawiderrangeofculturalandrecreationalopportunities.Thedensityofurbanpopulationscanalsostimulateinnovationandsocialprogress.Therefore,thefutureofurbanizationhingesonourabilitytoharnessitspositivepotentialwhilemitigatingitsnegativeimpacts.Thisinvolvesinvestingingreentechnologies,promotingsmarturbandesign,ensuringequitableaccesstoresources,andfosteringasenseofcommunityamongresidents.Questions:11.Whataresomeofthedrivingforcesbehindthetransformationofcitiesmentionedinthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresignificantenvironmentalchallengesassociatedwithrapidurbanization?13.Thepassagesuggeststhatcitiesoffermoreopportunitiescomparedtoruralareas.Whatspecificexamplesaregiven?14.Whatdoesthepassageimplyiscrucialformanagingthenegativeaspectsofurbanization?15.Whatisthepassageprimarilyconcernedwith?Passage4Therelationshipbetweenhumansandartificialintelligence(AI)israpidlyevolving,movingfromtherealmofsciencefictiontoatangiblepartofourdailylives.Fromvirtualassistantsmanagingourschedulestoalgorithmsrecommendingcontent,AIsystemsarebecomingincreasinglyintegratedintovariousaspectsofsociety.Thisintegrationpromisestoenhanceefficiency,improvedecision-making,andsolvecomplexproblemsacrossnumerousfields,includinghealthcare,transportation,andfinance.However,theincreasingpresenceofAIalsoraisesprofoundethicalquestions.Issuessurroundingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialdisplacementofhumanjobsareattheforefrontofpublicandacademicdiscourse.TheabilityofAIsystemstoprocessvastamountsofdatacanbeapowerfultool,butitalsonecessitatesrobustsafeguardstoprotectindividualprivacyandpreventmisuse.Furthermore,ifAIsystemsaretrainedonbiaseddata,theycanperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingsocietalinequalities.TheeconomicimpactofAI,particularlyontheworkforce,alsorequirescarefulconsiderationandproactiveplanningtoensureajusttransitionforworkers.Despitetheseconcerns,thepotentialbenefitsofAIare难以tooverstate.Itholdsthepromiseofrevolutionizinghealthcarethroughpersonalizedmedicine,transformingtransportationwithautonomousvehicles,andaddressingclimatechangethroughadvanceddataanalysisandoptimization.Thekey,however,liesinnavigatingthecomplexethicallandscaperesponsibly.Thisrequiresamultidisciplinaryapproachinvolvingtechnologists,ethicists,policymakers,andthepublictodevelopguidelinesandregulationsthatensureAIisdevelopedanddeployedinamannerthatisbeneficial,fair,andalignedwithhumanvalues.ThefutureofourinteractionwithAIwilldependonourabilitytostrikethisbalancebetweeninnovationandresponsibility.Questions:16.Whatsignificantchangeisnotedinthehuman-AIrelationship?17.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheethicalchallengesassociatedwithAI?18.ThepassagementionsAI'spotentialtorevolutionizehealthcare.Whatdoesthissuggestaboutitscapabilities?19.WhatishighlightedasacrucialfactorintheresponsibledevelopmentanddeploymentofAI?20.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestistheprimarygoalinmanagingtherelationshipwithAI?---试卷答案Passage11.Flexibility,allowingindividualstochoosetheirhours,projects,andoften,theirlocation;thepotentialforhigherearningsbasedonperformanceratherthanseniority.*解析思路：题干问的是“个人优势”。根据文章第一段首句“Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersdirectly,industriesfromtransportationtofreelancewritinghaveseenasurgeinshort-term,project-basedwork.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstochoosetheirhours,projects,andoften,theirlocation.”可知，支持者认为这种模式提供了无与伦比的灵活性，允许个人选择自己的工作时间、项目和通常地点。接着第二句提到“Formany,itrepresentsanescapefromtherigidstructuresoftraditionalemployment,offeringautonomyandthepotentialforhigherearningsbasedonperformanceratherthanseniority.”（对许多人来说，这代表了对传统就业僵化结构的逃避，提供了自主性和基于绩效而非资历的潜在更高收入）。因此，优势主要是灵活性和基于绩效的潜在高收入。2.Financialinstabilitycanloomlarge,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises;asenseofisolationduetothelackofastableteamenvironment.*解析思路：题干问的是“缺乏传统福利的主要担忧”。根据文章第二段提到“Withoutthesafetynetprovidedbyemployers,financialinstabilitycanloomlarge,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.”（没有雇主提供的安全网，财务不稳定可能就会威胁到，尤其是在经济衰退或个人危机期间）。同时，“Furthermore,theintermittentnatureofworkcanleadtopsychologicalstress,includinganxietyaboutfutureincomeandasenseofisolationduetothelackofastableteamenvironment.”（工作的间歇性会导致心理压力，包括对未来收入的焦虑，以及由于缺乏稳定团队环境而感到的孤立）。因此，主要担忧是财务不稳定和孤独感。3.Itinvolvesrecognizingthediversityofgigworkandimplementingpoliciesthatprotectworkerswhilefosteringinnovation.*解析思路：题干问的是“作者暗示关于分类问题的复杂性意味着什么？”。根据文章第三段“theauthorsuggeststhattheissueofgigworkerclassificationiscomplex.Whatdoesthisimplyaboutpotentialsolutions?”（作者暗示零工工作者分类的问题很复杂）。接着后文解释了复杂性的潜在解决方案：“Thiscouldinvolveportablebenefitssystems,alternativedisputeresolutionmechanisms,orclearerguidelinesonwhatconstitutesafairworkingrelationshipinthedigitalage.”（这可能涉及便携式福利系统、替代性争议解决机制，或在数字时代构成公平工作关系的更清晰指南）。其中，“recognizingthediversityofgigworkandimplementingpoliciesthatprotectworkerswhilefosteringinnovation”（认识到零工工作的多样性，并实施保护工人同时促进创新的政策）是这种复杂性的体现，暗示没有单一的解决方案，需要根据具体情况制定政策。4.Anxietyaboutfutureincome.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章暗示的gigwork的潜在心理后果是什么？”。根据文章第二段明确提到“Theintermittentnatureofworkcanleadtopsychologicalstress,includinganxietyaboutfutureincomeandasenseofisolationduetothelackofastableteamenvironment.”（工作的间歇性会导致心理压力，包括对futureincome（未来收入）的焦虑）。因此，焦虑关于未来收入是暗示的潜在心理后果之一。5.Howtoregulatethesenewformsofemployment;recognizingthediversityofgigworkandimplementingpoliciesthatprotectworkerswhilefosteringinnovation.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章暗示面对gigeconomy的主要挑战是什么？”。根据文章第三段开头“Asgovernmentsandsocietiesgrapplewiththeimplicationsofthisevolvingworkforce,debatesintensifyoverhowtoregulatethesenewformsofemployment.”（随着政府和社会应对这一不断变化的劳动力队伍的影响，关于如何规范这些新就业形式的争论日益激烈）。这直接指出了挑战是监管新形式就业。同时，该段后半部分关于解决方案的讨论（如认识多样性、保护工人、促进创新）也反向说明了这些是亟待解决的问题和挑战。Passage26.Theabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask,allowingindividualstoproducehigh-qualitywork,solvecomplexproblems,andmakesignificantadvancements.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章关于deepwork的核心思想是什么？”。根据文章第一段定义“Theconceptof'deepwork,'popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.”（“深度工作”的概念由CalNewport推广，指的是在没有干扰的情况下专注于一项认知要求高的任务）。接着该段继续说明其好处“Thisabilityallowsindividualstoproducehigh-qualitywork,solvecomplexproblems,andmakesignificantadvancementsintheirfields.”（这种能力使个人能够产出高质量的工作，解决复杂问题，并在其领域取得重大进展）。因此，核心思想是这种专注能力及其带来的高质量产出和进步。7.Themodernenvironmentdesignedtoconstantlydistract(e.g.,digitalnotifications,socialmedia,emailalerts,instantentertainment);thelackoftraininginthedisciplinerequiredfordeepworkinthecurrenteducationalsystem.*解析思路：题干问的是“根据文章，实现deepwork的主要障碍是什么？”。根据文章第二段提到“Furthermore,manyarguethatthecurrenteducationalsystemdoesnotsufficientlytrainstudentsinthedisciplinerequiredfordeepwork,favoringinsteadthedisseminationofinformationoverthefocusedapplicationofknowledge.”（此外，许多人认为当前的教育系统没有充分训练学生在deepwork所需的纪律性，反而倾向于信息的传播而非知识的专注应用）。同时，“Themodernenvironmentisdesignedtoconstantlydistract.Socialmediafeeds,emailalerts,andthelureofinstantentertainmentcreateapersistentcognitiveloadthatmakessustainedfocusdifficult.”（现代环境被设计成不断分散注意力。社交媒体信息流、电子邮件警报以及即时娱乐的诱惑造成了持续的认知负荷，使得持续专注变得困难）。因此，主要障碍是现代环境的持续干扰和缺乏深度工作纪律性的教育训练。8.Itimpliesastateofintensecognitiveengagementwherecreativityishighlyactivated.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章提到deepwork与peakcreativity相关。这暗示了其性质是什么？”。根据文章第二段“Theabilitytoengageindeepwork—creatingrituals,minimizingdistractions,anddedicatingblocksoftimetofocusedeffort—shouldbeviewedasacriticalskillforanyoneseekingtomaximizetheirpotentialinthemodernworld.”（参与深度工作的能力——建立仪式、减少干扰、并投入专注努力的时间块——应该被视为任何希望在现代社会最大化其潜力的人的一项关键技能）。结合第一段提到的其能“producehigh-qualitywork,solvecomplexproblems,andmakesignificantadvancements”（产出高质量的工作，解决复杂问题，并取得重大进展），这些都与高水平的认知活动和创造力激发相关。因此，暗示其性质是高度认知投入的状态，伴随着强烈的创造性。9.Asignificantcompetitiveadvantageinaworldwhereinformationisabundantbutdeepunderstandingisscarce.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章指出拥有deepwork能力的主要优势是什么？”。根据文章第三段明确提到“Inaworldwhereinformationisabundantbutdeepunderstandingisscarce,theabilitytoengageinfocused,high-qualityworkprovidesasignificantcompetitiveadvantage.”（在一个信息丰富但深刻理解稀缺的世界里，参与专注、高质量工作的能力提供了一个显著的竞争优势）。因此，主要优势是在信息泛滥但深度理解稀缺的情况下，获得竞争优势。10.Developingthehabitofdeepwork—creatingrituals,minimizingdistractions,anddedicatingblocksoftimetofocusedeffort.*解析思路：题干问的是“根据文章，对于想要培养deepwork的人，建议采取的必要步骤是什么？”。根据文章第三段末尾“Thefuturebelongstothosewhoknowhowtofocus,andthekeytobuildingthatskillliesinmakingitahabit.”（未来属于那些知道如何专注的人，而培养这项技能的关键在于使其成为一种习惯）。虽然最后一句没直接列出步骤，但前文已经详细描述了如何培养这个习惯：“Developingthehabitofdeepwork—creatingrituals,minimizingdistractions,anddedicatingblocksoftimetofocusedeffort”（培养深度工作的习惯——建立仪式、减少干扰、并投入专注努力的时间块）。因此，建议的必要步骤是培养深度工作的习惯，包括建立仪式、减少干扰、专注投入时间。Passage311.Populationgrowth,technologicaladvancements,andthepursuitofabetterqualityoflife.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章提到的推动城市转型的因素有哪些？”。根据文章第一段开头“Theconceptof'deepwork,'popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbyconstantdigitalnotificationsandthepressuretobeconstantlyconnected,thecapacityfordeepworkhasbecomeincreasinglyrareandvaluable.Itisoftenassociatedwithpeakcreativityandproductivity.”（“深度工作”的概念由CalNewport推广，指的是在没有干扰的情况下专注于一项认知要求高的任务。在一个被持续数字通知和持续连接压力所主导的时代，深度工作的能力正变得越来越稀有和有价值。它通常与高峰创造力和生产力相关）。接着第二句提到“Themodernenvironmentisdesignedtoconstantlydistract.Socialmediafeeds,emailalerts,andthelureofinstantentertainmentcreateapersistentcognitiveloadthatmakessustainedfocusdifficult.”（现代环境被设计成不断分散注意力。社交媒体信息流、电子邮件警报以及即时娱乐的诱惑造成了持续的认知负荷，使得持续专注变得困难）。因此，主要障碍是现代环境的持续干扰和缺乏深度工作纪律性的教育训练。12.Trafficcongestion,airandwaterpollution,thestrainonhousingandutilities,andtheenvironmentalfootprint(relatedtoenergyconsumption,wasteproduction,andresourcedepletion).*解析思路：题干问的是“根据文章，快速城市化带来的主要环境挑战是什么？”。根据文章第二段提到“However,rapidurbanizationbringsitsownsetofchallenges.Issuessuchastrafficcongestion,airandwaterpollution,andthestrainonhousingandutilitiesarecommonconcernsinrapidlygrowingmetropolises.”（然而，快速城市化带来自己的一套挑战。交通拥堵、空气和水污染以及对住房和公用事业的压力是快速增长的都市的常见担忧）。同时，“Theconcentrationofpeopleinalimitedspacecanalsoleadtosocialproblemslikecrimeandinequality.Furthermore,theenvironmentalfootprintofcities—relatedtoenergyconsumption,wasteproduction,andresourcedepletion—raisesserioussustainabilityquestions.”（人口在有限空间内的集中也可能导致犯罪和不平等等社会问题。此外，城市的环境足迹——与能源消耗、废物生产和资源消耗有关——引发了严重的可持续性问题）。因此，主要环境挑战包括交通拥堵、空气和水污染、住房公用事业压力以及城市的环境足迹（能源消耗、废物、资源消耗）。13.Economicgrowthbyconcentratingbusinessesandtalent;greateraccesstoeducationandhealthcare;awiderrangeofculturalandrecreationalopportunities.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章暗示城市与农村相比提供了哪些更多机会？”。根据文章第三段提到“Despitethedifficulties,thepotentialbenefitsofurbanizationareimmense.Citiesfostereconomicgrowthbyconcentratingbusinessesandtalent,offeringgreateraccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andprovidingawiderrangeofculturalandrecreationalopportunities.”（尽管存在困难，城市化潜在的益处是巨大的。城市通过集中企业和人才促进经济增长，提供更好的教育和医疗保健接入，并提供更广泛的文化和休闲机会）。因此，城市提供的更多机会包括经济增长（集中企业和人才）、更好的教育和医疗保健接入、更广泛的文化和休闲机会。14.Investingingreentechnologies,promotingsmarturbandesign,ensuringequitableaccesstoresources,andfosteringasenseofcommunityamongresidents.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章暗示管理城市化负面影响的关健是什么？”。根据文章第三段最后一句“Therefore,thefutureofurbanizationhingesonourabilitytoharnessitspositivepotentialwhilemitigatingitsnegativeimpacts.Thisinvolvesinvestingingreentechnologies,promotingsmarturbandesign,ensuringequitableaccesstoresources,andfosteringasenseofcommunityamongresidents.”（因此，城市化的未来取决于我们利用其积极潜力同时减轻其负面影响的能力。这包括投资绿色技术、推广智能城市设计、确保资源的公平获取，以及培养居民之间的社区意识）。这直接指出了关键在于投资绿色技术、推广智能城市设计、确保资源公平获取和培养社区意识，以减轻负面影响。15.Whataresomeofthedrivingforcesbehindthetransformationofcitiesandthesignificantbenefitsandchallengesassociatedwithrapidurbanization.*解析思路：题干问的是“文章主要关注什么？”。文章第一段讨论了城市化转型（由人口增长、技术、对更好生活追求驱动）及其带来的好处（创新、文化中心）。第二段重点指出了快速城市化的挑战（交通、污染、住房、环境足迹）。第三段则总结了城市化带来的巨大潜力（经济增长、教育医疗、文化休闲）以及应对挑战、实现可持续发展的关键（绿色技术、智能设计、资源公平、社区意识）。因此，文章主要关注的是城市转型背后的驱动力，以及快速城市化所带来的主要好处和挑战。Passage416.AIsystemsarebecomingincreasinglyintegratedintovariousaspectsofsocietyandareatangiblepartofourdailylives(e.g.,virtualassistants,recommendationalgorithms).*解析思路：题干问的是“文章指出的human-AI关系的显著变化是什么？”。根据文章第一段开头“Therelationshipbetweenhumansandartificialintelligence(AI)israpidlyevolving,movingfromtherealmofsciencefictiontoatangiblepartofourdailylives.”（人类与人工智能(AI)的关系正在迅速演变，从科幻领域进入我们日常生活的有形部分）。接着举例说明“Fromvirtualassistantsmanagingourschedulestoalgorithmsrecommendingcontent,AIsystemsarebecomingincreasinglyintegratedintovariousaspectsofsociety.”（从管理我们日程的虚拟助手到推荐内容的算法，AI系统正日益融入社会的各个方面）。因此，显著变化是AI从科幻变为日常现实，并日益融入社会各方面。17.Dataprivacyconcerns;algorithmicbiasperpetuatingoramplifyingexistingsocietalinequalities;thepotentialdisplacementofhumanjobs.*解析思路：题干问的是“根据文章，与AI相关的伦理挑战有哪些？”。根据文章第二段明确列举了几个主要伦理挑战：“Issuessurroundingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andthepotentiald