高二英语期末模拟卷（全解全析）（天津专用）

更多全科试卷及资料，请关注公众号：高中试卷君2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末模拟卷（天津）第I卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．—Cindy’snewdresslooksfunnyonher.—______

Itlooksfinetome.A．Youaretellingme. B．Iwouldn’tsaythat.C．What’swrong? D．Whocares?【答案】B【详解】考查交际用语。——辛迪的新衣服穿在她身上看起来很滑稽。——我不赞同。我看还行。A.Youaretellingme.这还用你说。/我早知道了。B.Iwouldn’tsaythat.我不赞同。/我不这么认为。C.What’swrong?怎么了？D.Whocares?谁在乎？根据Cindy’snewdresslooksfunnyonher.和答语Itlooksfinetome.可知，第二个人不同意第一个人的观点，可以说Iwouldn’tsaythat.我不赞同。故选B。2．I’veorderedsomepizza,sowe_______worryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.A．can’t B．darenot C．needn’t D．maynot【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A.can’t表示“无能力”；B.darenot表示“无勇气”；C.needn’t意为“无必要”；D.maynot表示“推断”。因为买了比萨饼，无必要担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。3．Aftershehadbeenbittenbymosquitoes,shesomemedicinetoherskin.A．delayed B．applied C．slipped D．urged【答案】B【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被蚊子叮咬后，在皮肤上涂了一些药。A.delayed延误；B.applied涂，敷；C.slipped滑倒；D.urged敦促。根据句中“somemedicinetoherskin”可推知，被蚊子叮咬后要涂一些药，用动词apply，符合句意。故选B项。4．Weoftenreadinnovelshowaseemingly______personorfamilyhassometerriblesecretwhichhasbeenconcealedfromstrangersforyears.A．respective B．repulsive C．reluctant D．respectable【答案】D【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们经常在小说中读到，一个表面上受人尊敬的人或家庭，却有着多年不为人知的可怕秘密。A.respective各自的；B.repulsive令人厌恶的；C.reluctant不情愿的；D.respectable受人尊敬的。根据“hassometerriblesecretwhichhasbeenconcealedfromstrangersforyears(有着多年不为人知的可怕秘密)”可知，respectable“受人尊敬的”符合题意，和该内容形成强烈的对比。故选D。5．Youshouldnotgiveupanoutdoorexerciseroutinejustbecauseitiswindyorrainy.Havingtherightkitwill__________makeitabetterexperience.A．patiently B．definitely C．partly D．slightly【答案】B【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你不应该因为刮风或下雨就放弃户外锻炼。拥有合适的装备肯定会让它成为一种更好的体验。A.patiently耐心地；B.definitely肯定地；C.partly部分地；D.slightly轻微地。根据“makeitabetterexperience.”可知，拥有合适的装备肯定会有更好的运动体验。故选B。6．______myhighschoollife,themostimportantadviceI’dliketogiveisthesewonderfulwordsfromthewriterMayaAngelou.A．Makingthemostof B．LookingbackonC．Losingtrackof D．Keepinginmind【答案】B【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：回顾我的高中生活，我想给的最重要的建议是作家玛雅·安杰洛的这些精彩的话语。A.Makingthemostof充分利用；B.Lookingbackon回顾；C.Losingtrackof失去联系；D.Keepinginmind记住。根据空后“myhighschoollife”可知，此处指回顾我的高中生活。故选B。7．Thankstothepolicyofpovertyalleviation,childreninremotemountainareascan______basiceducation.A．accountfor B．beawareof C．haveaccessto D．berelevantto【答案】C【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于扶贫政策，偏远山区的儿童可以接受基础教育。A.accountfor解释；B.beawareof意识到：C.haveaccessto具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会;D.berelevantto与…有关。根据上文“Thankstothepolicyofpovertyalleviation”可知，偏远山区的儿童可以接受基础教育。故选C项。8．Thetruemeaningoflawshouldbe______justicetoincreasethelegalresponsibilityofwrongdoers,ratherthanburdeninggoodpeople.A．infavorof B．intermsof C．inplaceof D．incaseof【答案】A【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：考查介词短语辨析。句意：法律的真正意义应该支持正义来增加违法者的法律责任，而不是加重好人的负担。A.infavorof支持；B.intermsof就……而言；C.inplaceof代替；D.incaseof万一。根据后“justicetoincreasethelegalresponsibilityofwrongdoers”指支持正义。故选A。9．HemissedthefivepartoftheProfessor’sspeech,forthesimplereasonthathe________withanaccidentonthewaytoschool.A．hadmet B．hasmet C．met D．wasmeeting【答案】A【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他错过了教授演讲的五个部分，原因很简单，他在上学的路上遇到了车祸。根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的过去发生的事，用过去完成时。故选A项。10．Thechurchtowerwhich________willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A．hasrestored B．wasrestored C．isrestoring D．isbeingrestored【答案】D【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼不久将向游客开放。这项工作快完成了。空处为which引导的定语从句中谓语，which指代Thechurchtower，作主语，动词restore和主语之间是被动关系，根据后文willbeopen和Theworkisalmostfinished可知，此处为正在进行的动作，用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。11．Weregret_______thatallflightstoFloridawillbeputoffduetothecomingstorms.A．announcing B．tohaveannounced C．toannounce D．tobeannounced【答案】C【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们很遗憾的通知所有前往弗洛里达的航班都因为暴风雨延迟了。regret后面可以接doing，意思是“后悔做过”；也可以接todo，意思是“遗憾的做”。根据句意，应该选择todo的形式。B选项错误，因为tohavedone表示动作发生在谓语之前，D选项错误，本题并不是被动语态，故选C项。12．________,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A．Otherthingsbeingequal B．WereotherthingsequalC．Tobeequaltootherthings D．Otherthingstobeequal【答案】A【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：在其他条件相同的情况下，一个有效表达自己的人肯定会比一个语言能力差的人更快地取得成功。分析句子结构可知，句中已有is，空处作非谓语动词，otherthings作逻辑主语，beequal与otherthings之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式表示主动，构成独立主格结构，A项符合题意；B项是虚拟条件句的倒装结构，正常语序为ifotherthingswereequal，但句中is表明题干使用真实语气，B项错误；C项beequaltodoing胜任，不符合题意；D项中动词不定式表示将来，而题干描述现在的客观事实，D项错误。故选A项。13．Shehadreachedaposition______shewasforcedtochoosebetweenhercareerandherfamily.A．that B．which C．when D．where【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她已经到了不得不在事业和家庭之间做出选择的处境。空处引导定语从句，先行词position（处境），为抽象地点名词，从句缺地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。14．Theevidence______smokingcanleadtomanyhealthproblems,suchaslungcancerandheartdisease,isoverwhelming.A．how B．what C．if D．that【答案】D【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：吸烟会导致许多健康问题的证据是压倒性的，比如肺癌和心脏病。引导的同位语从句解释说明evidence的内容，从句句意完整，成分完整应用that。故选D。15．Onlybychangingtheway________wetreatthewildlife________withthenaturein

harmony.A．that;canweexist B．inwhich;wecanexistC．how;canweexist D．where;wecanexist【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句和倒装句。句意：只有改变我们对待野生动物的方式，我们才能与自然和谐相处。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词在从句中作方式状语，应用that或inwhich引导；此处是“only+介词短语”置于句首，句子使用部分倒装，故选A。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。WhenIthinkofmychildhood,Iremembercyclingwithmyfriendsandbuyingorangecandies,butmostofall,goinghometoseemygrandmawaitingatthedoorstepandasking,“Howwasyourday,bunny?”Nana(IcallmygrandmaNana)sawme16.Sheleftmemanygreat17.Shetoldmestoriesofthefairiesandprincessesbutalsoofthewarsandhowshe18thosedays.NanawasbornduringtheSecondWorldWarwithaverydifferentlifestyleandchildhoodfromme.Shedidn’tget19.Infact,shehadtohelpwiththehousework.Evenwhenhersiblings(兄弟姐妹)gotthe20tolearn,shewouldonlywatchthemreadandwrite.Butshenever21.Thatisthemostimportantlessonshehadtaughtme.Shetaughtmetobe22whateverthingsIhadinmylife.WhenI23tobeselectedinmyschool’scheerleadingteam,Iwasveryupset,butshemademerealizethat,ifnotinthecheerleadingteam,somethingelsewasoutthereintheworldthatwasgoingtohappento24,anditdid.I25astate-levelgymnast.Asyearswentby,Alzheimer’sdisease(老年痴呆症)ateherfromthe26.The27whooncerefusedtocallmebyanynamebuther“littlebunny”,nowdidn’tevenrememberwhatmy28was.Soon,sheforgotwhoIwasuntilIsangFrankSinatra’sFlymetotheMoon.Thetinyspark(火花)of29inhereyeswaswhatI30.Thelittleglimmer(微光)inhereyesmeantthatIwasher“bunny”onceagain.Oneday,theglimmer31disappearedfromhereyesandthatwasthedaywhenIknewIhadlostmynana.Onherlastdayonthisearth,asIsatbesideherbedwatchingherfallinandoutof32,IheardherhumFlymetotheMoon33.ThatwasthelasttimewhenIheardher34,butIwillkeepitinmyheartforever.Nanatookapieceofmychildhoodwithherwhenshe35.Sheismyworld,andIknowsheisproudofme.16．A．growup B．lookout C．lookup D．workout17．A．works B．designs C．truths D．memories18．A．forgot B．celebrated C．survived D．calculated19．A．care B．education C．assistance D．fame20．A．invitation B．law C．burden D．opportunity21．A．complained B．cried C．struggled D．argued22．A．eagerfor B．upsetabout C．gratefulfor D．curiousabout23．A．pretended B．failed C．wished D．managed24．A．me B．her C．it D．them25．A．trained B．got C．needed D．became26．A．outside B．inside C．top D．bottom27．A．woman B．master C．neighbour D．colleague28．A．address B．job C．hobby D．name29．A．ambition B．separation C．recognition D．permission30．A．occupied B．expected C．represented D．seized31．A．hardly B．usually C．completely D．slightly32．A．sight B．style C．service D．sleep33．A．loudly B．beautifully C．weakly D．fluently34．A．voice B．story C．laughter D．praise35．A．sank B．dreamed C．left D．whispered【答案】16．A17．D18．C19．B20．D21．A22．C23．B24．A25．D26．B27．A28．D29．C30．B31．C32．D33．C34．A35．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和奶奶之间的深厚感情，奶奶小时候会叫作者“小兔子”，虽然奶奶童年不幸，但是从不抱怨，而是对一些都心存感激。奶奶后来得了痴呆症，不记得作者的名字了，奶奶的离开也带走了作者的一部分童年。16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：奶奶看着我长大。A.growup长大；B.lookout小心；C.lookup查阅；D.workout解决。根据前文“butmostofall,goinghometoseemygrandmawaitingatthedoorstepandasking,“Howwasyourday,bunny?””可知，作者的奶奶看着她长大。故选A。17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给我留下了许多美好的回忆。A.works作品；B.designs设计；C.truths事实；D.memories回忆。根据后文“Shetoldmestoriesofthefairiesandprincessesbutalsoofthewarsandhowshe________thosedays.”可知，奶奶给作者留下了许多小时候的美好回忆。故选D。18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给我讲仙女和公主的故事，也讲战争的故事，以及她是如何在那些日子里活下来的。A.forgot忘记；B.celebrated庆祝；C.survived幸存；D.calculated计算。根据前文“thewars”可知，作者的奶奶讲述在战争期间，她是如何在那些日子里活下来的。故选C。19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有接受过教育。A.care照顾；B.education教育；C.assistance协助；D.fame名声。根据后文“Evenwhenhersiblings(兄弟姐妹)gotthetolearn,shewouldonlywatchthemreadandwrite.”可知，奶奶在其兄弟姐妹们学习的时候，她只能看着他们读书和写字，故奶奶没有接受过教育。故选B。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使她的兄弟姐妹有机会学习，她也只会看着他们读书写字。A.invitation邀请；B.law法律；C.burden负担；D.opportunity机会。根据后文“shewouldonlywatchthemreadandwrite.”指她的兄弟姐妹有机会学习，她也只会看着他们读书写字。故选D。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是她从来不抱怨。A.complained抱怨；B.cried哭；C.struggled挣扎；D.argued争论。根据后文“Shetaughtmetobe________whateverthingsIhadinmylife.”可知，奶奶教会作者的是对生活要充满感激，所以奶奶即使没有接受过教育，也不会抱怨。故选A。22．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：她教我要对生活中所拥有的一切心存感激。A.eagerfor渴望的；B.upsetabout失落的；C.gratefulfor感激的；D.curiousabout好奇。根据前文“Butshenever_______.Thatisthemostimportantlessonshehadtaughtme.”可知，奶奶教会作者的是不要抱怨，对生活要心存感激。故选C。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我没能入选学校的拉拉队时，我非常沮丧，但她让我意识到，即使没有入选拉拉队，世界上也会有别的事情发生在我身上，而且它确实发生了。A.pretended假装；B.failed失败；C.wished希望；D.managed设法做成。根据后文“Iwasveryupset”可知，作者未能入选学校的拉拉队。故选B。24．考查代词词义辨析。句意：当我没能入选学校的拉拉队时，我非常沮丧，但她让我意识到，即使没有入选拉拉队，世界上也会有别的事情发生在我身上，而且它确实发生了。A.me我；B.her她的；C.it它；D.them他们。根据上文“shemademerealizethat,ifnotinthecheerleadingteam,somethingelsewasoutthereintheworldthatwasgoingtohappento”以及作者没能入选拉拉队，可知是发生在作者“我”身上。故选A。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我没能入选学校的拉拉队时，我非常沮丧，但她让我意识到，即使不能入选拉拉队，世界上还有其他的事情会发生在我身上，而它确实发生了。我成了一名国家级体操运动员。A.trained训练；B.got得到；C.needed需要；D.became成为。根据后文“astate-levelgymnast”可知，作者成为了一名国家级体操运动员。故选D。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，阿尔茨海默病从内部吞噬了她。A.outside外部；B.inside内部；C.top顶部；D.bottom底部。根据上文“Alzheimer’sdiseaseateherfromthe”以及常识，疾病是从内部发生的，即阿尔茨海默病从内部吞噬了她。故选B。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个曾经只叫我“小兔子”的女人，现在甚至不记得我叫什么名字了。A.woman女人；B.master师傅，大师；C.neighbour邻居；D.colleague同事。根据前文“seemygrandmawaitingatthedoorstepandasking,“Howwasyourday,bunny?””可知，在作者的小时候，奶奶一直称她小兔子。故选A。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个曾经只叫我“小兔子”的女人，现在甚至不记得我叫什么名字了。A.address地址；B.job工作；C.hobby爱好；D.name名字。根据后文“Soon,sheforgotwhoIwasuntilIsangFrankSinatra’sFlymetotheMoon.(很快，她就忘了我是谁，直到我唱了弗兰克·辛纳屈的《带我去月球》)”可知，奶奶不记得作者的名字了。故选D。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她眼中流露出的认出的微光正是我所期待的。A.ambition野心；B.separation分离；C.recognition认出；D.permission允许。根据后文“Thelittleglimmer(微光)inhereyesmeantthatIwasher“bunny”onceagain.可知，奶奶认出了作者。故选C。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她眼中流露出的认出的微光正是我所期待的。A.occupied占据；B.expected期待；C.represented代表；D.seized抓住。根据“Thetinyspark(火花)of________inhereyes”可知，奶奶眼睛里流露出认出作者的微光是作者所期待的，即作者希望奶奶能够认出她。故选B。31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她眼中的光芒完全消失了，就在那一天，我知道我失去了奶奶。A.hardly几乎不；B.usually通常地；C.completely完全地；D.slightly轻微地。根据后文“andthatwasthedaywhenIknewIhadlostmynana.”可知，作者知道她已经失去奶奶了，因为奶奶眼中的光芒完全消失了。故选C。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她离开人世的最后一天，我坐在她的床边，看着她睡着又醒来，听见她轻轻地哼着“带我飞向月球吧”。A.sight视野；B.style风格；C.service服务；D.sleep睡觉。根据上文“Isatbesideherbedwatchingherfallinandoutof”可知，奶奶的弥留之际，作者在床边看着她睡着又醒来，outofsleep表示“从睡梦中醒来”。故选D。33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在她离开人世的最后一天，我坐在她的床边，看着她睡着又醒来，听见她轻轻地哼着“带我飞向月球吧”。A.loudly大声地；B.beautifully美丽地；C.weakly虚弱地；D.fluently流利地。根据上文“Onherlastdayonthisearth”可知，奶奶时日无多，所以是声音虚弱，轻轻地哼着“带我飞向月球吧”。故选C。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是我最后一次听到她的声音，但我会永远记在心里。A.voice声音；B.story故事；C.laughter笑声；D.praise赞扬。根据前文“IheardherhumFlymetotheMoon”可知，此处是指奶奶的声音。故选A。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶离开时带走了我童年的一部分。A.sank下沉；B.dreamed梦想；C.left离开；D.whispered低声说。根据前文“Nanatookapieceofmychildhoodwithherwhenshe”可知，此处表示奶奶已经去世，她的离开带走了作者童年的一部分。故选C。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheconceptofanartmuseumiseasyenough:thatisaboutart.Therearethoseraremuseumsfocusedlargelyorentirelyontheworkofjustoneperson.Thosesensescanbeallthericherwhenyouknowthemuseumistheartist’sbirthplaceoronetimehome.Herearefourexamplesofsuchmuseums.CyrusE.DallinArtMuseum611MassachusettsAve.,Arlington781-641-0747ThenameCyrusE.Dallin(1861-1944)mightnotbefamiliar,butseveralofthesculptor’sworksare.His“AppealtotheGreatSpirit”,anexampleofthemanysculpturesDallinmaderelatingtoNativeAmericans,standsinfrontoftheMuseumofFineArts.BorninUtah,helivedinArlington(Texas)forthefinalfourdecadesofhislife.NormanRockwellMuseum9GlendaleRoad,Stockbridge413-298-4100,Rockwell(1894-1978)movedtoStockbridgein1953.BythenhewasalreadyAmerica’sbest-knownillustrator(插图画家).Themuseum,foundedin1969,movedintoitspresent,RobertA．M.Stern-designedbuildingin1993.Its998paintingsanddrawingsarethelargestsinglecollectionofRockwell’sart.Kids6andunderFREE,adults$20,studentswithID:$10EdwardGoreyHouse8StrawberryLane,YarmouthPort508-362-3909EdwardGorey(1925-2000)wasanartist,yes,buthewasotherthingsaswell:author,playwright,setandcostumedesigner.Goreypurchasedthis18th-centuryhousein1979andlivedtheretherestofhislife.ThehousecurrentlyservesasamuseumcelebratingGorey’slifeandwork.It’salsoknownastheElephantHouse.That’sappropriate,inlightofGorey’spassionforanimalwelfare.GilbertStuartBirthplaceandMuseum815GilbertStuartRoad,Saunderstown,R.I.401-294-3001GilbertStuart(1755-1828)isresponsibleforwhatmaywellbethemostfamiliarworkofanyAmericanartist.HisportraitofGeorgeWashingtonisthebasisofthefirstpresident’simageonthedollarbill.AsoneoftheearlyRepublic’smostdistinguishedartists,Stuartpaintedmorethanathousandportraitsoverthecourseofhiscareer.36．Whatisthefeaturethesefourmuseumshaveincommon?A．Theyareallverysmallandnew. B．Theyofferrareexhibitsintheworld.C．Theyattractalargenumberofartists. D．Theyallinvolveasingleindividual’sworksofart.37．WhatcanwelearnaboutCyrusE.Dallin?A．Heisaworld-knownsculptor. B．Fewpeopleknowhismasterpiece.C．HelivedinUtahforhislast40years. D．HisartworkshadalottodowithNativeAmericans.38．Howmuchwilltheypayifacoupleandtheirhigh-schoolchildgotoseeRockwell’sart?A．20dollars. B．30dollars. C．40dollars. D．50dollars.39．Wherewillyougoifyouareinterestedinstageandclothes?A．9GlendaleRoad,Stockbridge. B．8StrawberryLane,YarmouthPort.C．611MassachusettsAve.,Arlington. D．815GilbertStuartRoad,Saunderstown,R.I.40．Whatnumberwillyoucallifyouwanttogetmoreinformationaboutpaintingsofcharacters?A．401-294-3001. B．781-641-0747. C．413-298-4100. D．508-362-3909.【答案】36．D37．D38．D39．B40．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个关于个人作品的博物馆。36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Therearethoseraremuseumsfocusedlargelyorentirelyontheworkofjustoneperson.Thosesensescanbeallthericherwhenyouknowthemuseumistheartist’sbirthplaceoronetimehome.(有些罕见的博物馆大部分或全部专注于一个人的作品。当你知道博物馆是艺术家的出生地或曾经的家时，这些感觉会更加丰富)”结合后文主要介绍了四个关于个人作品的博物馆。可知，这四个博物馆的共同之处在于都涉及到一个人的艺术作品。故选D。37．细节理解题。根据CyrusE.DallinArtMuseum部分中“His“AppealtotheGreatSpirit”,anexampleofthemanysculpturesDallinmaderelatingtoNativeAmericans,standsinfrontoftheMuseumofFineArts.(他的“对伟大精神的呼吁”，是达林创作的许多与美洲原住民有关的雕塑中的一个例子，矗立在美术博物馆前面)”可知，CyrusE.Dallin的艺术作品与印第安人有很大关系。故选D。38．细节理解题。根据NormanRockwellMuseum部分中“Kids6andunderFREE,adults$20,studentswithID:$10(6岁及以下儿童免费，成人$20，学生凭身份证$10)”可知，如果一对夫妇带着他们上高中的孩子去看洛克威尔的艺术作品，他们要付20+20+10=50美元。故选D。39．细节理解题。根据EdwardGoreyHouse部分中“8StrawberryLane,YarmouthPort”以及“EdwardGorey(1925-2000)wasanartist,yes,buthewasotherthingsaswell:author,playwright,setandcostumedesigner.(爱德华·戈里（1925-2000）是个艺术家，没错，但他还有其他身份：作家、剧作家、布景和服装设计师)”可知，如果你对舞台和服装感兴趣，你应该去8StrawberryLane,YarmouthPort。故选B。40．细节理解题。根据GilbertStuartBirthplaceandMuseum部分中“401-294-3001”以及“HisportraitofGeorgeWashingtonisthebasisofthefirstpresident’simageonthedollarbill.AsoneoftheearlyRepublic’smostdistinguishedartists,Stuartpaintedmorethanathousandportraitsoverthecourseofhiscareer.(他为乔治·华盛顿画的肖像是美国首任总统在美元钞票上的头像的基础。作为共和早期最杰出的艺术家之一，斯图亚特在他的职业生涯中画了一千多幅肖像画)”可知，如果你想了解更多关于人物画的信息，应该拨打401-294-3001。故选A。BMynameisMatthew.I’mnotsomeonewhohasmanysecrets,becauseI’materribleliar.ButthereisonehugesecretthatIkeptforyears—Ifailedmydrivingtest.Ihadneverfailedatestbefore,andhadneverevencomeclose.Drivingmademeanxious,butmyparentstoldmeIhadto.Theysignedmeupfordrivinglessons.Ihadgottenaperfectscoreformywrittenpermitexam,butgettingbehindthewheelwasadifferentstory.ButwhenOctober30throlledaround,mypridesetin.Iwantedtobelikeeveryoneelseatmyschool,showingoffthebrandnewlicensethey’dgotten.Lookingbackonthatspecialday,Ican’trememberifIwasnervous.WhatIdorememberisstartingthetest,pausingatastopsignafterafewseconds,andbeingaskedbytheinstructortopullover.Ihadreceivedanauto-failsincemypausewasindeedapauseandnotarealstop.Iwasn’tupsetthatIwasleavingwithoutalicense,butIwasscaredeveryonewouldknowthatIhadfailed.SowhenIgottoclass,ItoldeveryoneIdidn’twanttotakethetestonmybirthday.OneFridayamonthlater,Iwenttothetestspotagainandpassed.LaterthatnightIdroveforthefirsttimebymyself,whichbroughttomeanamazingfeelingI’veneverexperienced—butstill,Icouldn’timagineevertellinganyonethetruth.SoIdidn’t.Itwasn’tuntilmidwaythroughcollegethatIcameclean.Itturnedoutplentyofmycollegefriendshadfailedtoo!AndIgatheredenoughcouragetospeakthefactout.Yes,Ihadalsofailed.NowIrealizefailureandimperfectionaretwothingseveryonehastoexperience,withoutwhichonecouldn’tmakeatrueman.41．WhatcanwelearnaboutMatthew?A．Hewasaslowlearnerofdriving. B．Hereliedheavilyonhisparents.C．Hewasafraidoftakingexams. D．Hewasboredwithtellinglies.42．WhydidtheinstructoraskMatthewtopullover?A．Toputanendtohistest. B．Tocheckhisparkingskills.C．Togivehimasecondchance. D．Toshowhimabetterwayofdriving.43．WhatmadeMatthewfeelextremelyworriedafterhisfirstattempt?A．Failingtogetadrivinglicense. B．Missinghisbirthdaycelebration.C．Makinghisparentsdisappointed. D．Losingfacebeforehisclassmates.44．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Matthewhasmanysecrets.B．Matthewdidn’twanttotakethetestonhisbirthday.C．Matthewkeptthesecretuntilhewenttocollege.D．Matthew’friendsallpassedthedrivingtestforthefirsttime.45．WhatdidMatthewlearnfromhisownexperience?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy. B．Failureisawaytogrowup.C．Truthstandsthetestoftime. D．Imperfectionisanotherformofperfection.【答案】41．A42．A43．D44．C45．B【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者马修驾驶考试不及格而保守了很久的秘密。41．细节理解题。根据第一段“ButthereisonehugesecretthatIkeptforyears—Ifailedmydrivingtest.Ihadneverfailedatestbefore,andhadneverevencomeclose.Drivingmademeanxious,butmyparentstoldmeIhadto.Theysignedmeupfordrivinglessons.Ihadgottenaperfectscoreformywrittenpermitexam,butgettingbehindthewheelwasadifferentstory.(但有一个我保守多年的大秘密——我的驾驶考试不及格。我以前从未考试不及格，甚至从未接近过。开车让我很焦虑，但我父母告诉我必须这样做。他们给我报了驾驶课。我在笔试中取得了满分，但开车就另当别论了。)”可知，马修在学习开车方面学的很慢。故选A。42．推理判断题。根据第二段“WhatIdorememberisstartingthetest,pausingatastopsignafterafewseconds,andbeingaskedbytheinstructortopullover.Ihadreceivedanauto-failsincemypausewasindeedapauseandnotarealstop.Iwasn’tupsetthatIwasleavingwithoutalicense(我所记得的是开始测试，几秒钟后在停车标志处停下来，然后被教练要求靠边停车。我收到了一个自动失败，因为我的停顿确实是一次停顿，而不是真正的停车。我没有因为无证离开而感到沮丧)”可知，作者被教练要求靠边停车应该是要求他结束考试。故选A。43．推理判断题。根据第二段“Iwasn’tupsetthatIwasleavingwithoutalicense,butIwasscaredeveryonewouldknowthatIhadfailed.SowhenIgottoclass,ItoldeveryoneIdidn’twanttotakethetestonmybirthday.(我并没有因为无证离开而感到沮丧，但我害怕每个人都知道我失败了。所以当我上课的时候，我告诉大家我不想在生日那天参加考试。)”可知，害怕在同学们面前丢脸是让马修在第一次驾照考试尝试后感到极度担忧的事情。故选D。44．细节理解题。根据第三段“OneFridayamonthlater,Iwenttothetestspotagainandpassed.LaterthatnightIdroveforthefirsttimebymyself,whichbroughttomeanamazingfeelingI’veneverexperienced—butstill,Icouldn’timagineevertellinganyonethetruth.SoIdidn’t.Itwasn’tuntilmidwaythroughcollegethatIcameclean.(一个月后的一个星期五，我再次去了考点，并通过了考试。那天晚上晚些时候，我第一次独自开车，这给我带来了一种从未经历过的奇妙感觉——但我仍然无法想象会告诉任何人真相。所以我没有。直到大学中途我才坦白。)”可知，马修直到上了大学才坦白他曾经没有通过驾照考试。故选C。45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“NowIrealizefailureandimperfectionaretwothingseveryonehastoexperience,withoutwhichonecouldn’tmakeatrueman.(现在我意识到失败和不完美是每个人都必须经历的两件事，没有这两件事就无法成为一个真正的男人。)”可知，马修认识到失败是通往成长的必经之路。故选B。CScientistshavediscoveredanewstructurethatallowslungefeedingwhales,alsocalledrorqualwhales(长须鲸),totakeinmassiveamountsofwaterwithoutchoking.Tocaptureprey(猎物),rorqualwhalesuseamethodcalledlungefeeding.Theyspeedup,andtakeinavolumeofwaterlargeenoughtofilltheirentirebodies.Scientistsdidn’tknowhowthesewhalesavoidedchokingonprey—filledwaterandfloodingtheirrespiratorytracts(呼吸道)duringalungefeedingevent.NowDr.Gilandhiscolleagueshavediscoveredalargestructurethatthey’vetermedthe“oralplug”—astructureneverbeforedescribedinanyotheranimal—thattheythinkmakeslungefeedingpossible.Dr.Gilandhiscolleaguesanalyzeddeadfinwhales.Byphysicallydissecting(解剖)themassofmuscleandtissuethatplugthebackofthewhale’smouth,theresearchersdeterminedthatwhentheanimalisatrest,theplugblocksoffthewhale’spharynx(咽道),atube-shapedstructurethatleadstoboththerespiratoryanddigestivetracts.Whenawhalelunges,the“oralplug”protectsbothtractsfrombeingfloodedbythewaterandthelivingcreaturesthattheanimalhastakenin.Whentheanimalisreadytoswallowitslatestmeal,theoralplugshiftsupwardtoprotecttheupperrespiratorytract.Atthesametime,thelarynx(喉)closesupandshiftsdownward,blockingthelowerrespiratorytract.Inotherwords,duringswallowing,thepharynxonlyleadstothedigestivetract.“Thisfillsinablankthatwedidn’tevenknowreallyexisted,”saidDr.Giloftheteam’sfindings.AriFriedlaender,whostudieswhalefeedingbehaviorsattheUniversityofCaliforniabutwasnotinvolvedinthisresearch,seesgreatvalueinfillingintheseanatomicalblanksaboutwhales.“Themorewecanunderstandhowtheydevelopthesemeansforbeingabletoeatsomuch,themoreweunderstandaboutwhattheirabilitiesare,andhowtheyfunctionaspartofmarineecosystems,”Dr.Friedlaendersaid.46．Whichwordscanbestdescribethelungefeedingmethodofrorqualwhales?①speedy

②massive

③preciseA．②③ B．①② C．①③ D．①②③47．Whatfunctiondoesthe“oralplug”have?A．Itjustblocksoffthetwoairwayswhenthewhalerests.B．Itjustprotectstheupperairwaywhenthewhaleswallows.C．Itjustblocksthelowerairwaywhenthewhalelunges.D．Itensuresthatthemealsandwaterjustgointothepharynx.48．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Dr.FriediaendersharedhisfindingsofwhalefeedingbehaviorwithDr.Gril.B．Dr.Friedlaenderpraisedtheresearchforitfurtherexplainshowmarineecosystemsfunction.C．Dr.FriedlaenderwillcooperatewithDr.Gilandhisteamforthefutureresearch.D．Dr.Gilwasprobablysurprisedtofindtheexistenceofthe“oralplug”.49．WhatisDr.Friedlaender’sattitudetowardsthenewfindings?A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Cautious. D．Positive.50．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Whydowhaleslungeforfood? B．Whydon’twhaleschoke?C．Whydowhaleshaverespiratorytracts? D．Whyarewhalesunique?【答案】46．B47．B48．D49．D50．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一种新结构——口腔塞，这种结构能够帮助鲸鱼在冲刺进食过程中避免被充满食物的水呛到。46．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tocaptureprey,rorqualwhalesuseamethodcalledlungefeeding.Theyspeedup,andtakeinavolumeofwaterlargeenoughtofilltheirentirebodies.(为了捕捉猎物，罗夸尔鲸使用一种叫做冲刺式捕食法。它们加快速度，吸收足够多的水来填满它们的整个身体)”可知，它们的冲刺式进食的方法非常快速，且一次进食量很大。故选B项。47．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Whentheanimalisreadytoswallowitslatestmeal,theoralplugshiftsupwardtoprotecttheupperrespiratorytract.(当这种动物准备吞下最新的食物时，口腔塞会向上移动，以保护上呼吸道)”可知，当鲸鱼吞咽时，“口腔塞”只是保护上呼吸道。故选B项。48．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Thisfillsinablankthatwedidn’tevenknowreallyexisted,”saidDr.Giloftheteam’sfindings.(“这填补了我们之前不知道的一个空白，”吉尔博士在谈到该团队的发现时说)”可知，吉尔博士可能对“口腔塞”的存在感到惊讶。故选D项。49．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Themorewecanunderstandhowtheydevelopthesemeansforbeingabletoeatsomuch,themoreweunderstandaboutwhattheirabilitiesare,andhowtheyfunctionaspartofmarineecosystems,”Dr.Friedlaendersaid.(Friedlaender博士说：“我们越能了解它们是如何发展出这些能够吃得这么多的手段的，我们就越能理解它们的能力是什么，以及它们是如何作为海洋生态系统的一部分发挥作用的”)”可知，Friedlaender博士认为通过这个新发现，我们可以进一步了解海洋生态系统，即他对此发现的态度是积极的。故选D项。50．主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Scientistshavediscoveredanewstructurethatallowslungefeedingwhales,alsocalledrorqualwhales,totakeinmassiveamountsofwaterwithoutchoking.(科学家们发现了一种新的结构，这种结构可以让箭步鲸(也称为罗夸尔鲸)在不窒息的情况下吸收大量的水)”可知，文章主要介绍的是“口腔塞”这种结构如何帮助鲸鱼在冲刺进食过程中避免被充满食物的水呛到。故B项“为什么鲸鱼不呛水？”适合作为文章的标题。故选B项。DAllofushavetakenaninstantdisliketosomeone,andthenfeltguiltyaboutbeingtoojudgmental.Butnowitseemsweshouldplacemoretrustinourfirstimpressions.Mostpeoplecancorrectlyjudgeatotalstrangerfollowingashortmeeting,accordingtoscientists.Andingeneral,themoreconfidentthepeopleare,themorelikelytheyaretobecorrectintheirassumptions.JeremyBiesanz,wholedateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,said:“Manyimportantdecisionsaremadeafterverybriefencounters—whichemployeetohire,whichpersontodate,whichstudenttoaccept”.Althoughourfirstimpressionsaregenerallyaccurate,itisnecessaryforustorecognizewheretheymaybenotgoodenough.Theresearchersarrangedfortwogroupsofmorethan100peopletomeetinameeting.Muchlikespeed-dating,thevolunteersspoketoeveryoneintheirgroupforthreeminuteseach.Atthe