动物世界话题 学案 高中英语培优外刊阅读

高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________外刊精选｜动物世界，其实是你想象不到的平行宇宙？表现动物社会、动物家庭生活的纪录片一直都深受欢迎。但他的最新畅销书中，科学记者EdYong指出：这些纪录片呈现的，并不是真实的动物世界，因为每种动物都有特定感官体验。真实的动物世界，和人类的想象有什么差别？尝试理解动物的世界，能给我们带来什么启发？HowAnimalsSeeThemselvesByEdYongNatureshowshavealwaysprizedthedramatic.Theresultisasubtleformofanthropomorphism.Animalsareworthviewingonlywhenwe’resecretlyviewingareflectionofourselves.Wecould,instead,trytoviewthemthroughtheirowneyes.In1909,thebiologistJakobvonUexküllnotedthateveryanimalexistsinitsownuniqueperceptualworld—asmorgasbordofsights,smells,soundsandtexturesthatitcansensebutthatotherspeciesmightnot.ThesestimulidefinedwhatvonUexküllcalledtheUmwelt—ananimal’sbespokesliverofreality.Iwalkmydog—Typo,acorgi—threetimesaday,passingthesamestreetsandbuildingsthatI’veseenthousandsoftimes.Oneverywalk,there’llbeatleastonemomentwhenTypogrindstoahaltandexcitedlyexploresapatchofsidewalkthatlooksnondescriptbutisclearlyburstingwithenthrallingodors.Bywatchinghim,Ifeellessinuredtomyownlife,moreawareoftheperpetuallychangingenvironmentaroundme.Suchawarenessisagift,whichTypogivestomedaily.WhenIthinkaboutotherUmwelten,Ifeelmymindflexingandthejoyofanimpossibletasknonethelessattempted.Inthesesmallactsofempathy,Iunderstandotheranimalsmoredeeply—notasfuzzy,featheredproxiesformylife,butaswondrousanduniqueentitiesoftheirown,andasthekeystograspingthetrueimmensityoftheworld.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.prize[praɪz]v.__________________________；n.__________________________2.anthropomorphism[ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfɪzm]n.__________________________3.perceptual[pəˈseptʃuəl]adj.__________________________4.smorgasbord[ˈsmɔːɡəsbɔːd]n.__________________________5.texture[ˈtekstʃə]n.__________________________6.stimuli[ˈstɪmjʊlaɪ]n.__________________________7.Umwelt__________________________8.bespoke[bɪˈspəʊk]adj.__________________________9.sliver[ˈslɪvə]n.__________________________10.nondescript[ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt]adj.__________________________11.enthralling[ɪnˈθrɔːlɪŋ]adj.__________________________12.odor[ˈəʊdə]n.__________________________13.perpetually[pəˈpetʃuəli]adv.__________________________14.flex[fleks]v.__________________________15.fuzzy[ˈfʌzi]adj.__________________________16.proxy[ˈprɒksi]n.__________________________17.wondrous[ˈwʌndrəs]adj.__________________________18.entity[ˈentɪti]n.__________________________19.grasp[ɡrɑːsp]v.理解；n.__________________________20.immensity[ɪˈmensəti]n.__________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.自然类纪录片__________________________2.慢慢停下来__________________________3.一块......__________________________4.使（某人）习惯于（令人不快的事物）__________________________拓展练习阅读理解Thebrain,ratherthanoureyes,maybemoreimportantforsight,researchersstudyingfruitflies(果蝇)havediscovered.Thediscoverycouldchangethewaywethinkaboutvision.ResearchersattheUniversityofVirginiahavefoundthattheverysimpleeyesoffruitflylarvae(幼虫),withonly24totalphotoreceptors(thehumaneyecontainsmorethan125million),providejustenoughlightorvisualinputtoallowtheanimal’slargebraintomakethatinputintoimages.Theirdiscoveryshowsthatvisionmaybelessimportantto“seeing”thanpreviouslythought—andinfactitisthebrain’sabilitytoprocesspointsoflightintocompleximagesthatiskey.“Itblowsopenhowwethinkaboutvision,”saidBarryCondron.“Thistellsusthatvisualinputmaynotbeasimportanttosightasthebrainworkingbehindit.”Condron’sgraduatestudents,ElizabethDaubert,NickMacedoniaandCatherineHamilton,conductedaseriesofexperimentstotestthevisionoffruitflylarvae.Theyfoundthatwhenalarvawastiedtothebottomofadish,otherlarvaewereattractedtoitasitattemptedtofreeitself.Afterseveralfurtherexperimentstounderstandhowtheysensedthemotion,theresearcherslearnedthatthenearlyblindanimalslikelywereseeingtheaction.“Theanswermustbeinthebrainoftheseanimals,”Condronsaid.“Theyareabletotakejustacoupledozenpointsoflightandthenprocessthoseintorecognizableimages,somethinglikewhenanastronomerwithasmalltelescopeisabletousetechniquestoimprovealimitedimageintousefulinformationaboutastar.”Condronbelievestheanimalsareabletoassembleusefulimagesbyrapidlyscanningtheirheadsand,indoingso,gatherupenoughlightpointstoallowthebraintocomposeanimageclearenoughto“see”.Theresearcherstestedthisbypresentinglarvaewithavideoofawrithing(扭动的)larva(thereforenosoundandnosmell),andfoundthatthelarvaestillsensedandsoughtoutthestrugglinglarvaonthevideo.Thisprovidesuswithagoodmodelfortryingtounderstandtherolethatthebrainplaysinhelpingorganisms.includinghumans,toprocessimages,suchasrecognizingfaces.11.Thewritermainlywantstotellusthat__________.A.peopleshoulddependonbrainratherthaneyesforsightB.thebrainmaybemoreimportantforsightthanpeoplethoughtC.usingthefruitflylarvaetotesttheeyesisthebestwayD.somemethodscankeepoureyesightaccurateandnormal12.Condronusedtheexampleof“anastronomerwithasmalltelescope”inParagraph5toshow__________.A.howthelarvaegatherupenoughlightpointsB.whythelarvaemovedtheirheadsside-to-sideC.howwecangetusefulinformationaboutastarwithasmalltelescopeD.thebrainhelpsprocessthelightpointsintoimages13.Whyisavideousedbytheresearchers?A.Becauseithelpstounderstandthepartthebrainplays.B.Becauseitisabletoprovidecertainsoundandsmell.C.Becauseitturnsvisualinputsintoacompletepicture.D.Becauseitmakesthelarvaeseekoutthestrugglinglarva.14.Theunderlinedword“assemble”inthefifthparagraphmaymean“__________”.A.chooseproperequipment B.receiveusefulinformationC.puttogetherseparateparts D.observeenoughactions外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.prize[praɪz]v.重视；n.奖赏2.anthropomorphism[ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfɪzm]n.拟人化3.perceptual[pəˈseptʃuəl]adj.知觉的，感知的4.smorgasbord[ˈsmɔːɡəsbɔːd]n.多种；北欧式自助餐；大杂烩5.texture[ˈtekstʃə]n.质地；质感6.stimuli[ˈstɪmjʊlaɪ]n.刺激物，刺激因素（stimulus的复数形式）7.Umwelt以自我为中心的世界8.bespoke[bɪˈspəʊk]adj.定做的；定制的9.sliver[ˈslɪvə]n.碎片，薄片10.nondescript[ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt]adj.平淡无奇的11.enthralling[ɪnˈθrɔːlɪŋ]adj.非常感兴趣的12.odor[ˈəʊdə]n.（难闻的）气味，臭味13.perpetually[pəˈpetʃuəli]adv.不断重复地，永无休止地14.flex[fleks]v.活动（手臂、腿等）15.fuzzy[ˈfʌzi]adj.毛茸茸的16.proxy[ˈprɒksi]n.代理人；代表17.wondrous[ˈwʌndrəs]adj.极棒的18.entity[ˈentɪti]n.实体，独立存在体，主体19.grasp[ɡrɑːsp]v.理解；n.把握2