初三英语语法大全（中考必背）

初三英语语法大全（中考必背）一、时态一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态基本结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month等例句：Igotoschooleveryday./Heoftenplaysbasketballafterschool.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作基本结构：主语+be动词+动词ing形式时间状语：now,atthemoment,look,listen等例句：Iamdoingmyhomeworknow./Look!Thechildrenareplayinginthepark.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态基本结构：主语+动词过去式时间状语：yesterday,lastweek/month/year,ago,in1999等例句：Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweekend./Shewasveryhappyyesterday.过去进行时表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作基本结构：主语+was/were+动词ing形式时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthatmoment等例句：IwaswatchingTVat8o'clocklastnight./TheywerehavingdinnerwhenIcalled.一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态基本结构：主语+will/shall+动词原形；主语+begoingto+动词原形时间状语：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inthefuture等例句：IwillvisitBeijingnextmonth./Itisgoingtoraintomorrow.现在完成时表示过去发生且对现在有影响的动作，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作基本结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词时间状语：already,yet,ever,never,since,for等例句：Ihavefinishedmyhomework./Shehaslivedherefortenyears.过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作基本结构：主语+had+动词过去分词例句：BythetimeIarrived,hehadalreadyleft./Shetoldmeshehadseenthemoviebefore.二、被动语态基本结构主语+be动词+动词过去分词(++动作执行者)各种时态的被动语态：一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词一般将来时被动：willbe+过去分词现在完成时被动：have/hasbeen+过去分词用法当动作的承受者比执行者更重要时当不知道或不需要说明动作的执行者时例句：ThebookwaswrittenLuXun./Englishisspokenallovertheworld.三、情态动词can/could表示能力、许可、可能性例句：Icanswim./CouldIuseyourphone?may/might表示许可、可能性must/haveto表示必须、不得不例句：Youmustfinishyourhomework./Ihavetogetupearlytomorrow.should/oughtto表示应该、应当例句：Youshouldlistentoyourparents./Weoughttoprotecttheenvironment.will/would表示意愿、将要、请求例句：Iwillhelpyou./Wouldyoulikesometea?四、非谓语动词动名词作主语、宾语、表语、定语例句：Swimmingismyfavoritesport./Ienjoyreadingbooks.不定式作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补例句：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant./Iwanttogohome.分词现在分词：作定语、状语、宾补、表语过去分词：作定语、状语、宾补、表语例句：Thesleepingbaiscute./Brokenwindowsneedtoberepaired.五、名词性从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的从句，通常用that,whether,what,who,when,where,why,how等引导词开头。主语从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Whatweshoulddonextisunderdiscussion.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句，可以作动词、介词或形容词的宾语。宾语从句要用陈述语序，时态要与主句保持一致。Ibelievethatyoucansucceed.SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.表语从句在系动词后面作表语的从句，说明主语是什么或怎么样。常用的引导词有that,whether,what,who,when,where,why,how等。Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney.Myquestioniswhetherhewilljoinus.同位语从句对前面的名词或代词作进一步解释说明的从句，通常由that引导，that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分。Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameexcitedeveryone.Ihavenoideawhenhewillarrive.六、定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句用who,whom,whose,that,which等关系代词引导，修饰前面的名词或代词。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。Theboywhoiswearingglassesismybrother.ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.关系副词引导的定语从句用when,where,why等关系副词引导，分别修饰表示时间、地点、原因的名词。关系副词在从句中作状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.Thisistheplacewherewehadourfirstdate.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思不完整；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，去掉后主句意思仍然完整，通常用逗号隔开。Thestudentwhostudieshardwillpasstheexam.Mybrother,whoisadoctor,livesinShanghai.七、状语从句时间状语从句表示动作发生的时间，常用when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas等连词引导。WhenIarrivedhome,mymotherwascooking.IwillcallyouassoonasIgetthere.条件状语从句表示条件，常用if,unless,aslongas等连词引导。在表示将来的条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.Youwillsucceedunlessyougiveup.原因状语从句表示原因，常用because,since,as,for等连词引导。Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.Sinceyouarebusy,Iwillhelpyou.结果状语从句表示结果，常用sothat,suchthat等结构引导。Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.Itwassuchabeautifuldaythatwedecidedtogoforapicnic.目的状语从句表示目的，常用sothat,inorderthat等连词引导。Westudyhardsothatwecanhaveabetterfuture.Shegetsupearlyinorderthatshecancatchthefirstbus.让步状语从句表示让步，常用though,although,eventhough,evenif等连词引导。Althoughitwasraining,theystillwentout.Evenifyoufail,youshouldkeeptrying.八、直接引语和间接引语陈述句的转换直接引语变间接引语时，人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应变化。时态变化规则：一般现在时→一般过去时，现在进行时→过去进行时，现在完成时→过去完成时，一般过去时→过去完成时，一般将来时→过去将来时。Hesaid,"Iambusynow."→Hesaidthathewasbusythen.Shetoldme,"Ihavefinishedmyhomework."→Shetoldmethatshehadfinishedherhomework.疑问句的转换一般疑问句变间接引语时要用if或whether引导，选择疑问句要用whetheror引导，特殊疑问句要用原来的疑问词引导。语序要改为陈述语序。Heaskedme,"DoyoulikeEnglish?"→HeaskedmeifIlikedEnglish.Shewantedtoknow,"Wheredoesheliv