人教版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit 1-8各单元语法讲义（含练习题及答案）

人教版(2024)八年级下册英语Unit1-8各单元语法讲义动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，有时要省略。否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即nottodosth.。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中可起到名词、形容词或副词的作用，可以作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语或状语等。二、接不定式的词1.wanttodosth想要做某事12.agreetodosth同意做某事2.wouldliketodosth想要做某事13.decidetodosth决定做某事3.helptodosth帮助做某事14.beabletodosth能够做某事4.liketodosth喜欢做某事15.refusetodosth拒绝做某事5.hopetodosth希望做某事16.promisetodosth承诺做某事6.wishtodosth希望做某事17.beabletodosth能够做某事7.expecttodosth期望做某事18.bereadytodosth准备做某事8.needtodosth需要做某事19.besuretodosth一定做某事9.plantodosth计划做某事20.affordtodosth付得起、承担得起做某事10.seemtodosth似乎做某事21.managetodosth设法做成某事11.learntodosth学会做某事22.offertodosth主动提供做某事三、接不定式作宾语补足语的词1.asksbtodosth要求某人做某事10.teachsbtodosth教某人做某事2.helpsbtodosth帮助某人做某事11.tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事3.wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事12.invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事4.wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事13.allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事5.expectsbtodosth期望某人做某事14.encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事6.needsbtodosth需要某人做某事15.warnsbtodosth警告某人做某事7.ordersbtodosth命令某人做某事16.forcesbtodosth强迫某人做某事8.promisesbtodosth承诺某人做某事17.advisesbtodosth建议某人去做某事9.waitforsbtodosth等待某人做某事四、接动名词做宾语的词(动宾)1.enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事7.keepdoingsth保持做某事2.finishdoingsth完成做某事8.havefundoingsth开心做某事3.minddoingsth介意做某事9.avoiddoingsth避免做某事6.feellikedoingsth想要做某事12.suggestdoingsth建议做某事五、作介词的宾语(介宾)3.thankyoufordoingsth感谢做某事12.Whatabout/Howaboutdoingsth?做…怎么样?4.giveupdoingsth放弃做某事13.beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事5.be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事14.benervousofdoingsth紧张做某事6.begoodatdoingsth擅长于做某事15.bebusydoingsth忙于做某事8.havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing有困难做某事17.succeedindoingsth成功做某事9.payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事六、既可以接动词不定式，也可以接动名词形式，但意义上有差别的词1.stoptodosth停下来去做另一件事7.trytodosth设法/尽力做某事2.stopdoingsth停止正在做的事8.trydoingsth尝试做某事3.forgettodosth忘记做某事(事情没有做)9.meantodosth打算或想要做某事4.forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事(事情已经做了)10.meandoingsth意味着做某事5.remembertodosth记住做某事(事情没有做)11.regrettodosth遗憾去做某事(未做)6.rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(事情已经做了)12.regretdoingsth后悔做某事(已做)七、其它1.letsbdosth让某人做某事4.seesbdoingsth看着某人正在做某事2.makesbdosth使某人做某事5.hearsbdosth听见某人做某事3.seesbdosth看见某人做某事6.hearsbdoingsth听着某人正在做某事7.watchsbdosth观看某人做某事八、助记※常接动词不定式作宾语的动词《表白篇》喜欢想要去告诉(like、want/wouldlike、tell)邀请似乎无发生(invite、seem、happen)开始决定去学习(begin/start、decide、learn)8.watchsbdoingsth观看某人正在做某事※接动名词做宾语的词《减肥篇》费时练习保体形(spend、practice、keep)九、四种句型句型1:It+be+adj./n.+forsb.+todosth.该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征，如：difficult,hard,easy,impossible,necessary,important等，此时用句型2:It+be+adj/n.+ofsb.+todosth.该句型中的形容词通常表示人的性格特征或特点，如nice,good,bad,kind,silly,foolish,wise,clever,careless,rude,brave,cruel,careful,grateful等，这时要用of。如：意为：足够…做某事。如：Iwastiredenoughtofallasleepjustnow.【实战演练】一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。4.Haveyoufinishedreading(read)the6.Whydoyoukeepchanging9.Mymotheroftenasks10.Iwanttotravel(travel)aroundt12.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof15.Hedecided16.You'dbetter22.Whydidyoumakeyourbrotherwait24.Throughthewindow,Isawsomeboysplaying(pl26.Howlongdidittakeyou30.It'sgoingtorain(rain);you'dbettertake(take)anumbrel二、单项选择(C)1.—CouldyouteachmehowA.makeB.makingC.tomak(B)2.OurteachertolduA.listenB.tolistenC.listened(D)3.—Whatdoyouexpectfromyourhardwork?—Nothing,IjustwanttotrymyA.getB.gotC.getting(D)4.WeshouldoftenpracticeA.tospeakB.spokeCA.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff(C)6.I'veheardhimabA.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.speaking(B)7.Tony,wouldyougoandseeif(B)8.—Ithinkyoushouldstop.A.tosendB.sendingC.sentA.toimproveB.improvingC.improvedA.playB.playsC.playingA.borrowB.borrowedC.borrows(A)13.LucydecidedA.tojoinB.joiningC.joinedD.joinsA.helpB.tohelp第5页共49页A.spendB.havespent(B)16.MymotheroftentoldmeboA.nottowatchB.nottoreadC.(A)17.Haveyouforgotten$1000frommelastmonth?WillA.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringingA.workB.workingC.workedA.listenB.tolistenC.listens(C)20.ItisnoteasyA.studiesB.study(A)21.WestoppedA.tolistenB.listensC.listen(D)22.MyparentsalwaystellmemoreveA.eatB.eatingA.goB.hadgoneC.hasg(A)24.ThoughhehadoftenmadeA.cryB.cryingA.towaitB.waitC.waitingA.going...tohaveB.togo...tohaveC.togo...having(B)28.Mrs.B(C)29.MybrotherkeepsA.tohelpB.helpC.helpingA.eatingB.toeatA.talkB.beingtalkC.totalk(B)32.ItisdifficA.sleepB.tos(B)33.HeisverybusyA.towriteB.writingC.writeA.notbeingableB.beingnotable(C)35.JohnregrettedmoneytoPeterbecauselaterJohnlearA.lendB.tolend(D)36.Pleasestop1.It'sverykind4.It'sverywiseofyoutodoitforme.5.Itiscleveroftheboytofinishtheworkusingatool.7.ItisveryimportantTheclassroomisbig2.对于我们来说，护理一头短发很简单。3.邓老师很高兴收到了礼物。4.留短发对于做运动是很便利的。Keepingshorthairisconvenientor5.你离开他是很明智的。6.你能帮我，真好。7.我需要你帮我学英语。Ineedyoutohelpme8.我请妈妈给我买了一个书包。9.对那个女孩来说，移动那个重包是困难的。(Itis+adj.+for+n/pron.+to+v.) It'sdifficultforthegirlto10.那个人足够富，可以买下那个大房子。(adj.+enough+to+v.) 11.帮我找到那个公园，你太好了。(Itis+adj.+of+n/pron.+to+v.) It'sniceofyoutohelpmetofi12.对我来说，回答你这个问题太简单了。(Itis+adj.+for+n/pron.+to+v.) 第9页共49页Unit2表示建议的情态动词(could,should)、反身代词一、情态动词could的用法could引导的疑问句的两大功能：不表示时态，仅表示语气，也可换作can或may1.表示委婉地请求某人做某事肯定回答：Yes,sure./Yes,Ican./Ofcourse,Ican./Noproblem./Withpleasure...否定回答：Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto—Yes,sure.好的，当然可以。—I'mafraidIcan't.Ihavetogotoworknow.恐怕不行。我现在得去上班了。2.表示委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事—CouldIwatchTVnow?现在我可以看电视吗?—Couldwecomein,MissLiu?刘老师，我们可以进来吗?—Sorry,youcan't.对不起，你们不可以。请你不要做某事好吗?(暗含委婉批评之意)—Sorry,I'Tlgo.对不起，我这就走。①could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。当他是一个孩子的时候，他就会说许多英语单词。②表示惊讶、怀疑，用于否定句或疑问句中，语气比can弱，不表示时态。③表示肯定的推测，但可能性较小。ThesweatercouldbeMike's.Helkesblue.这件毛衣可能是迈克的。他喜欢蓝色。④表示建议，通常用第二人称作主语，不代表时态。⑤用于wish后的宾语从句中，从虚拟语气。二、情态动词should的用法情态动词should,意“应该”,后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求和义务等。1.表示提出意见或建议2.表示命令、责备、要求3.表示推测和可能性4.表示责任或义务5.表示说话人的感情，如惊讶、愤怒、失望等肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其它.否定句主语+should+not+动词原形+其它.一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其它?三、情态动词的其他用法第11页共49页①责任、义务；②意志①征求意见或提出请求；②许诺、命令；③必须①劝告、建议和命令；②应该表示忠告【实战演练】A.shouldB.canC.mA.shouldB.couldC.haveA.ShouldB.HaveyouhelpmemovethesofatomorA.Should;shouldB.ShouC.Can;could-Howaboutbuyingabasketball.HelikesplayingbasketballA.shouldB.couldC.mightA.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.needn'tD.wouldn'tB.Could;canD.SA.shouldn'tB.couldn't(C.needn'tD.wouldn't第12页共49页A.canB.cou(A)11.ModernmedicineisdevelopingquickA.maynotB.mustn'tC.needA.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.needn't(A)14.-MustIsA.needn'tB.can'tC.mustA.shouldB.shouldn'tC.canD.mustn'tA.MustB.CouldC.ShouldA.shouldB.shouldn'tC.needD.needn'tA.shouldB.mustC.mayA.mightB.wouldC.coul(B)21.-._yA.MustB.CouldC.NeedA.couldB.canC.A.MustB.CouldC.Should第13页共49页1.定义：反身代词是指代主语自身的代词，核心作用是强调“主语自己”或“动作作用于自身”,不能单独作主语。形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词工2.常见的固定搭配①byoneself【独自、靠自己】Hefinishedtheprojectbyhimself.⑤teachoneself=learn.…byoneself【教某人自己】MybrotherteacheshimselfJapaneseeveryevening.⑨dressoneself【自己穿衣服】Asateenager,youshouldbeoldenoughtodressyourself.⑩introduceoneslf【介绍自己】IfeltnervouswhenIhadtointroducemyselfinfrontofsomanystrangers.一.单项选择：(反身代词针对性练习)A.herselfB.herC.sheD.herselfsA.usB.ourselvesC.ourA.myselfB.meC.myD.I第14页共49页A.himB.hisC.himselfD.heA.yourselfB.youC.yourD.yoursA.my;myselfB.my;mineC.me;myselfD.me;mineA.myselfB.yourselfC.herselfD.himself(C)8.TeachersofteA.ourselvesB.yourse(B)9.-Mybestfriendismorepopularthanme.Iwanttobelikeh-It'snotnecessarytobethesame.YoushouldjustbeA.himselfB.yourselfC.myselfA.youB.yourselfC.meD.myselfA.himselfB.myselfC.herselfD.yourself(C)12.-WheredidyougetthetoyA.myselfB.himselfC.herselfD.yourself(C)13.Believein_A.youB.yourC.yourself(A)14.FenghuangAncientTownisabeautifulplacA.yourselfB.himselfC.herselfA.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself(D)16.ThemotherA.hersB.herselfC.hisD.himself(A)17.Maryisabooklover.ShecouldrA.herselfB.himselfC.themselves(C)18.Tokeepsafe,A.myselfB.herselfC.yourselfA.myselfB.himselfC.herself(D)21.StudentsshouldlearnsomelivinA.herselfB.himselfC.yourselvesD.themselvesA.herselfBC.itselfC.myselfA.usB.ourC.ourselvesA.himself;himB.him;himselfC.himself;himselfD.him;himA.yourselfB.yourselvesC.themselvesD.ourselves二、用括号内反身代词的适当形式填空：1.Thecatwashed_its2.MyparentsandImadethebirthday3.Boysandgirls,pleaseintroduceyourselves(you)toyourne4.TomandLily,didyouhurtyourselves(you)whenclimbingthe6.Couldyouhelpmecle8.Yoursisteristooyoung,soshecan'tgotoschoolby9.Don'tworry.Wecansolveourproblemsby.三、单项选择题：(代词混合练习)A.YouB.YourC.YoursD.Yourself第15页共49页A.ThemB.TheyC.TheA.myB.I(D)5.ThesebooksareA.weB.usC.ourD.(C)6.Mr.Wangteaches_A.weB.ourC.us -Sure!Butit'smoreimporta C.me;youD.me;yourself四、用括号内代词的适当形式填空：4.Tomlosthis(he)newnotebookthismorn5.Thelittlebirdhurt9.Wefixedthebrokendesksallby.oursUnit3连词(although,unt第16页共49页①连词until引导的时间状语从句，用于肯定句时，主句的谓语动词为延续性动她常常在田里干活直到天黑直到他妈妈到家，他才上床睡觉。②no.….unti..意为“直到…才…”,主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词。若主句为一般将来时，until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。②sothat意为“因此，结果”引导结果状语从句，从句中通常不用情态动他努力学习，结果通过了考试。①连词although(=though/eventhough)意为“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句，尽管你身体强壮，但你举不起那个重袋子。他虽然病了，但还是继续工作。②although/though与but不能同时出现在一个英语句子里，但可以与still或yet同时出现。虽然外面很热，但那位农民仍在田地里劳动。【实战演练】2.为了从网上下载信息，他买了一台电脑。Heboughtacomputersothathecouldd 二、用适当的连词填空1.Althoughtheymaynotsucceed,they2.Hewillcomehererightawayassoon3.Tomknewnothingaboutituntil(B)1.Musicisn'tSally'smaininteA.butB.soC.orA.fromB.untilC.for(D)3.—Howdoyoulikeyournewschool,A.ifB.sinceC.unlessD.although(A)4.Ididn'taccepthishelpIwanteA.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.unless(A)5.IlookedthroughmytestpaperagainandaA.sothatB.assoonasA.untilB.sinceC.whiletheworkisdifficult,alltheworkersarekeepingonworkin第18页共49页第19页共49页A.ButB.AlthoughC.And(C)8.Wedidn'tknoweachotheratthattimA.becauseB.sinceC.butD.if(B)9.WeturnedonthelightA.howB.sothatC.inordertoA.sothatB.assoonasC.becauseD.if(B)11.—Didyouwinthegameyesterday?A.IfB.ThoughC.unlessD.Because(D)12.Iwillstaywithyouthedoctorcomestohelpyou.A.afterB.ifC.unlessD.until(A)13.heispoorA.Although;/B.Although;butC.Because;soD.When;yet(B)14.he'stired,_A.Although;butB.Although;/C./;althoughD.But;/(D)15.MikefeelshappyeverydayA.ifB.soC.becauseD.although(C)16.Tomdidn'thavedinnerhismothercamebackfroA.whileB.unlessC.untilA.inordertoB.soasto(D)18.“Awhiteelephant”meanssomethingthatisuseless,A.unlessB.untilC.since例句咱们做某事吧咱们去购物吧Howaboutplayingbasket打篮球怎么样?你最好不要看这样的书(你)为什么不做某事呢?为什么不问你的老师呢?肯定答语：好主意。/那是个好主意③Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly!W当然/为什么不呢?/我愿意。④Noproblem.没问题。①Thatsoundsboring.那听起来很无聊。②I'mafraid..我恐怕…③Whatapity.多遗憾!④I'dloveto,but..我很愿意，但是….⑤Noway.绝对不行；没门儿。一、单项选择gotothemovieswithm第21页共49页Itsnameistheslogan(口号)ofBeiing2022OlympicWinterGames.(C)3.-WhynotgA.NotatallB.In A.You'rewelcomeB.That'sagoodideaC.Don'tworryD.It(B)5.-WouldyouliketovisittheNationalScienceMuseumwithmetoA.SeeyouthenB.SoundsniceA.tohaveB.hadC.haveA.dressesB.dressingC.todressD.dress(A)8.Let'sanoise,someoneissleeping.A.notmakeB.nomakingC.nottomakeD.(A)9.WhataboutdoublequantitiesofeveryA.buyingB.buyC.bought一、形容词副词的比较级和最高级1.概念：大多数形容词和副词有三个等级①原级，即原形其中，比较级用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较，说明“前者比后者更(不)规则变化节词或部分双词一般情况在词尾加-er/-est以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r/-st以重读闭音节结尾+辅音字母的词双写后一个辅音字母，再加-er/-est以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i,再加-er/est多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more/most不规则变化原级比较级最高级3.形容词和副词比较级的七大用法：(1)A+动词+比较+than+B.A比B…(2)疑问词(短语)+动词+比较级(AorB)A和B,…更…?Whichshirtisbetter,thepurpleoneorthewhiteone?紫色的和白色的，哪件衬衫更好?Whostudiesharder,JackorMike?杰克和迈克，谁学习更努力?(3)A+动词+the+比较级+ofthetcindyisthethinnerofthetwosister.辛迪是两姐妹中较瘦的那个。单音节：比较级+and+比较级Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。多音节：more+and+more+原级Heworksmoreandmorecarefully.他工作得越来越仔细。(5)the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语越…就越…there.你越早动身，就能越早到那里。(6)比较级前可以用far/much/alot(多),alittle/abit(一点儿),even(更)等表示程度的单词/短语来修饰。(比较级修饰词口决：两多两少一甚至)4.形容词和副词最高级的五大用法(1)A+动词+(the)+形容词/副词最高级+in/of短语A是…中最…的。Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon?太阳、地球与月亮，哪一个最大?Whosings(the)best,Tom,JackorPeter?汤姆、杰克与彼得，谁唱得最好?(3)最高级前可以用序数词修饰，the+序数词+最高级+名词单数，表示“第几……”TheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlongestriverintheworld.长江是世界上的第三长河。(4)最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，前面不再用theMybestfriendisgoodatEnglish.我最好的朋友擅长英语。(5)oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数最……的……之一world.北京是世界上最美的城市之一。4.比较等级之间的同义转换(1)原级与比较级之间的转换(2)比较级之间的转换(3)比较级与最高级之间的转换Theboyisthemostseriousintheclass.这个男孩是班里最认真的。=Theboyismoreseriousthananyotherstudentintheclass.这个男孩比班里其他任何一个学生都认真。=Theboyismoreseriousthantheotherstudentsintheclass.这个男孩比班里其他学生认真。=Nobody/Nooneismoreseriousthantheboyintheclass.班里没有人比这个男孩更认真。(4)原级表达最高级Therearenoman-madeobjectsintheworldasbigastheGreatWall.世界上没有和长城一样大的人造物体了。1.大数(1000以上)的表达将基数词从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗点(或隔一个字符)以把数目分成若干段。2.大数的读法大数中从右至左数第一个逗点前的数为thousand(千),第二个逗点前的一数为millon(百万),第三个逗点前的数为bilion(十亿)。9,213ninethousand,tw38,473thirty-eightthousand,fourhundred第24页共49页18,369,174eighteenmillion,threehundreda注意①英语中没有“万”这个单位，表示“万”借用thousand,如②在hundred后通常加上连词and。若读数中百位数为0,则在thousand后加and.一、单项选择题.(A)1.Withthedevelopmentof5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecoA.moreandmoreconvenientB.themostconvenient-Yes!IthinkitisthegaA.excitingB.(A)3.WithahigA.easierB.easilierC.moreeasyD.mo(C)4.-What'stheriA.longB.longerC.lon(A)5.TheearlierwetakeactiontoprotA.betterB.bestC.worse(C)6.Ourschoollifehasbecomethanbeforebecauseofallkindsofafter-schoolactivities.A.colorfulB.colortullyA.longB.longerC.longest(A)8.-Whodoyouthinkwillwintherace,BoborTom?-ItmustbeBob.IthinkheruA.fasterB.fastestC.moreA.TheharderB.HarderC.ThehardestD.ThehardA.beautifullyB.morebeautifullyC.less(B)11.Aftertakingtennisclasses,TimismuA.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestron(C)12.-IsyourhairasasMary'sA.long;longB.longer;longA.coolB.cooler(D)14.LuXunisoneofA.greatB.greaterC.grea(D)15.KatieisofthethrA.youngB.youngerC.theyoungerD.theyoun(D)16.-AreyougoingtorideyourA.convenientB.mA.excitingB.moreexcitingA.popularB.morepopularC.themostpopularA.morepopularB.themostpopularC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult(C)20.Uncle,couldyoute A.less;less