高三一轮教案英语（人教版）选择性Unit3EnvironmentalProtection

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放3．seal n．海豹；印章 v．密封(容器)；关闭4．methane n．甲烷；沼气5．dioxide n．二氧化物6．carbondioxide 二氧化碳7．fossil n．化石8．fossilfuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)9．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积10．basin n．流域；盆地；盆11．penguin n．企鹅12．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行13．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的14．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的15．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林16．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)17．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷18．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业19．waterway n．水道；航道20．agenda n．议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．melt vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2．release vt.&n．排放；释放；发布3．carbon n．碳4．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激；(给……)加燃料5．prehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的6．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向8．broadcast vt.&vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目9．policy n．政策；方针；原则10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制11．reform vt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良12．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)13．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.&vt.缓和；使适中14．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴15．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱16．garbage n．垃圾；废物17．dozen n．(一)打；十二个18．fine vt.对……处以罚款19．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn．饥饿；饿死→starvingadj.饿极了的；饿得慌的2．ecologyn．生态；生态学→ecologicaladj.生态的；生态学的→ecologistn．生态学家3．habitableadj.适合居住的→habitatn．栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境4．sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的5．frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn．频繁；频率6．restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束性的7．harmoniousadj.和谐的→harmonyn．和谐→harmoniouslyadv.和谐地8．submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服9．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen．意义；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到10．originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立→originn．起源；源头；出身→originaladj.原来的；起初的；独创的；原作的11．restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复→restorationn．恢复；修复；复原12．conservationn．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的→conservev．保护；保存；节省；节约13．regulationn．章程；规章制度→regulatev．调节，控制；约束，管理→regulatorn．(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构14．disposaln．去掉；清除；处理→disposev．安排；布置；排列15．inspectionn．检查；查看；视察→inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectorn．检察员；督察员16．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍1．clash/klæʃ/n．撞击声；冲突vi.发出撞击声；冲突2．scatter/'skætə(r)/vt.&vi.撒；散开3．penetrate/'penətreIt/vt.&vi.打入；进入；穿透4．plead/pliːd/vi.&vt.恳求；认(罪)5．clutch/klʌtʃ/vi.&vt.猛地抓住；紧握6．quiver/'kwIvə(r)/n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖vi.颤抖；哆嗦Ⅳ.背核心短语1．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人2．dozensof许多；很多3．haveanimpacton对……有影响4．leadto导致5．causedamageto对……造成损害6．takemeasures采取措施7．dealwith处理8．anumberof许多9．carryout履行；执行10．ineffect在实施中；实际上Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph)．(Thereislittledoubtthat...毫无疑问……)毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowseaicelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.(过去分词短语作后置定语)专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。3．The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshortwaveradiation.(that引导的同位语从句)“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。4．Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.(含蓄虚拟条件句)如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。5．Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2023·全国甲)WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytotakeonDIYprojectsoverthatingweeks，newresearchshowsthatmorethanhalfofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong，warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.[句式分析]此句是主从复合句。that引导的从句作shows的宾语，其中togetjobsdone为不定式短语作目的状语；WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytotakeonDIYprojectsoverthatingweeks为with复合结构作状语。[尝试翻译]随着数百万人可能会在将来几周进行DIY项目，新的研究表明，超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共10分)1．graphn．图；图表；曲线图2．emissionn．排放物；散发物；排放3．fossiln．化石4．basinn．流域；盆地；盆5．implementvt.使生效；贯彻；执行6．tropicaladj.热带的；来自热带的7．smogn．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)8．volumen．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷9．enterprisen．公司；企业；事业10．agendan．议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共15分)1．meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2．releasevt.&n．排放；释放；发布3．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行vt.加强；刺激4．broadcastvt.&vi.播送；广播；传播n．广播节目；电视节目5．policyn．政策；方针；原则6．seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制7．reformvt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n．改革；变革；改良8．undergovt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)9．annualadj.每年的；一年的n．年刊；年鉴10．chaosn．混乱；杂乱；紊乱11．dozenn．(一)打；十二个12．finevt.对……处以罚款13．campaignn．运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动14．worldwideadv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的15．moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共20分)1．disposaln．去掉；清除；处理→disposev．安排；布置；排列2．restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复→restorationn．恢复；修复；复原3．habitableadj.适合居住的→habitatn．栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境4．frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn．频繁；频率5．submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服6．inspectionn．检查；查看；视察→inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectorn．检察员；督察员7．originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立→originn．起源；源头；出身→originaladj.原来的；起初的；独创的；原作的8．regulationn．章程；规章制度→regulatev．调节，控制；约束，管理→regulatorn．(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)1．dozensof许多；很多2．haveanimpacton对……有影响3．leadto导致4．causedamageto对……造成损害5．carryout履行；执行6．ineffect在实施中；实际上Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共15分)1．Thevillagerswerestarvingduetothelackoffood，facingtheharshrealityofstarvation.(starve)2．It’ssensibletobesensitivetoothers’feelings，asitfostersempathyandstrengthensrelationships.(sense)3．Toensureabetterfuture，wemustmakesustainable(sustain)practicesthatarehelpfulforustosavenaturalresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.4．Whatecologistsfocusonisabalancedecologicalsystemwhileeconomistsconcentrateondevelopment.(ecology)5．Thepany’srestrictivepolicieshaveimposedseveralrestrictionsonemployees’officeactivities，greatlylimitingtheirfreedom.(restrict)6．Livinginharmonywithnatureiscrucialformaintainingthedelicatebalanceofourecosystemandpromotingaharmonious(harmony)society.7．Toconservenaturalresourcesforfuturegenerations，wemustmakeconservationefforts，evenifitmeansbeingalittlemoreconservativeinourdailyhabits.(conserve)8．Inadiversesociety，beingtolerantofdifferentopinionsandculturesiscrucialforfosteringasenseoftoleranceandcreatingaharmoniousenvironment.(tolerate)Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共24分)单句汉语提示微写作短文1.几乎毫无疑问，由于化石燃料的不当使用和对私家车需求的不断增加，如今人们正遭受着严重的空气污染。(Thereislittledoubtthat...)2.为了应对这个问题，政府已经采取了一系列有效措施，如实施严格的法规、推广新能源车辆的使用以及种植更多的树木。(dealwith；takemeasures)3.当我们每个人都认真对待空气污染问题时，空气才能变得更加清新。(when引导时间状语从句)4.没有我们共同的努力，世界就不会成为一个更好的居住地。(含蓄虚拟条件句)5.因此，我在这里代表学生会，倡导大家注意自己的行为，并为解决我们家乡的空气污染问题做出贡献！(onbehalfof)1.Thereislittledoubtthatpeoplenowadaysaresufferingfromsevereairpollutionduetotheinappropriateuseoffossilfuelsandtheincreasingdemandforprivatecars.Fortunately，thisphenomenonhasdrawnourattention.2.Todealwiththisproblem，thegovernmenthastakenanumberofeffectivemeasures，suchasimplementingstrictregulations，promotingtheuseofnewenergyvehicles，andplantingmoretrees.However，tobuildaharmonioussociety，eachindividualshouldplayapart.3.Wheneachofustakesairpollutionseriously，theaircanbeefresher.4.Withoutourjointefforts，theworldcouldn’tbeeabetterplacetolivein.So，here,5.onbehalfoftheStudentCouncil，Iadvocatethateveryoneshouldbemindfulofourownbehaviorandmakecontributionstosolvingtheproblemofairpollutioninourhometown！提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvationn．饥饿；饿死starvingadj.饿极了的；饿得慌的)starvetodeath饿死bestarvingforsth/todosth渴望某事/做某事同义短语：bethirsty/hungry/eager/desperateforsth/todosth(1)Whatshocksscientistsisthatmanysealshavediedfromstarvation(starve)becauseofglobalwarming.(2)身无分文且饥饿难耐，这位老人不得不沿途乞讨，否则他将会饿死。Pennilessandhungry，theoldmanhadtobegalongtheway；otherwisehewouldstarvetodeath.(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语能打开通往世界的新窗口。IamstarvingtostudyEnglishwell，becausemasteringEnglishopensanewwindowtotheworld.seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会arm/hand...the(arm/hand...)抓住某人的(胳膊/手等)表情感的名词＋seizesb/sbbeseizedby/with＋情感名词某人感到……(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)Thepolicemanspottedathief，chargedforwardandseizedhimbythearm.(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会来提高你的英语口语。Istronglyremendthatyou(should)seizethepreciouschancetoimproveyouroralEnglish.(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，panicseizedme.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]submitsthtosb将某物提交给某人submit(oneself)to屈从于……，服从于……(1)Beforesubmittingmyessay，Icarefullycheckedforgrammarandspellingmistakes.Andthereforemysubmissionearnedmeagoodimpressionfromtheteacher.(submit)(2)如果我们想合作得融洽，我们都需要遵守团队的规则。Weallneedtosubmitourselvestotherulesofthegroupifwewanttoworkharmoniously.(3)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通知)ThosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmustsubmittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterialsbyMay15.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerancen．宽恕；忍耐；容忍tolerantadj.忍耐的；宽容的)·tolerate(sb/sb’s)doingsth忍受(某人)做某事·betolerantof/towardssb/sth容忍/宽容某人/某事(1)Tobehonest，mytolerancehasitslimits，soIwillnotbealwaystolerantofyourrudebehavior.(tolerate)(2)Ican’ttolerateworking(work)withmypartneranymore，whoisfrequentlytalkingtomewhenIamabsorbedinwork.(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。Thosewhoknowhowtotolerate/betolerantof/towardsotherscannaturallyleadahappylife.Thereislittledoubtthat...ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph)．毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖(如图)。·本句中的doubt后接同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。·doubt的常见句型：whether...omedoubtwhether...是否……有些疑问。Thereisno/littledoubtthat...……是毫无疑问的。Idoubtwhether/if.../Ihavesomedoubtwhether...我怀疑是否……Idon’tdoubtthat.../Ihavenodoubtthat...我毫不怀疑……(1)Facedwithsomanychallenges，Ibegantodoubtwhether/ifmydecisionisthebestoneforourteam’slongtermsuccess.(2)毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下终生难忘的记忆。Thereisnodoubtthattheseactivitieswillleaveyouunforgettablememoriesfortherestofyourlife.(3)当我反思这段自我发现的旅程时，我不禁怀疑我所走的每一步是否真的能让我成为我想成为的人。Whenreflectingonthisjourneyofselfdiscovery，Icannothelpbutdoubtwhether/ifeverystepItakeistrulyleadingmetowardsthepersonIwanttobe.含蓄虚拟条件句Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。·本句中的withoutthisprocess是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，主句用虚拟语气。句子表示所说内容与事实相反。表示与现在事实相反，主句用would/could/might/should＋动词原形；表示与过去事实相反，主句用would/should/might/could＋havedone。·用法相同的还有butfor(要不是)，otherwise/or(否则，要不然)，分词和动名词表示含蓄条件等。(1)如果没有你的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃我的梦想了。Withoutyourencouragementandassistance，Iwouldhavegivenupmydreamlongago.(2)我们浪费了很多时间在争论上，要不然我们就会按时完成项目了。Wewastedalotoftimearguing；otherwisewewouldhavefinishedtheprojectonschedule.(3)再多烧一会儿，这肉会更香的。Cookedalittlelonger，themeatwouldbemoredelicious.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．Iwasreleasing①mybirdintothewildwhenIhappenedtohearanewsreportreleased②bytheEnvironmentalDepartment，whichsaidmanyfactorieswerestillreleasing③harmfulemissionsintotheair.①v.释放②v.发布③v.排放2．Tomoderate①theboy’stension，theteacherspoketohiminamoderate②tone，sayingthatheshouldhaveworkedatamoderate③pace.①vt.缓和②adj.温和的③adj.适度的3．Hiscruelfuel①greatlyfueled②myemotion，soIgotonmycartogetawayfrommyhome.Butmycarlackedfuel③andImustimmediatelyfuel④mycar.Otherwisemycarwouldbreakdownhalfway.①n.刺激性言行②v.增强，刺激③n.燃料④v.(给……)加燃料Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Properwastedisposal(dispose)iscrucialformaintainingacleanandhealthyenvironment.2．Sopessimisticwasmyclassmatethathehadnoideahowtorelease(release)histremendouspressure.3．Idecideonrestrictingmyselftoonecupofcoffeeadayforthesakeofmyhealth.4．Thesurgeonishighlysensitivetocriticism，whichsometimesmakesheroverlyselfconscious.5．Onbehalfofourschool，Iappealtoeachstudenttotakemorephysicalexercise.6．Yearsofdedicatedworkbyconservationistshaveledtotheremarkablerestoration(restore)ofthewetlands.7．Thesurgeoncan’ttoleratebeingdisturbed(disturb)byotherswhenheisabsorbedinreading.8．Toenhancepeople’sawarenessofconservation(conserve)ofculturalrelics，alecturewillbegiveninthecityhallthisFridayafternoon.9．Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoyaharmonious(harmony)relationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.10．Wheneverhefeltwornoutasapsychologyconsultant，hewasstarvingforacupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.假定你是李华，你校学生会即将发起一项以“EarthGuardian”为主题的环境保护运动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议信，号召大家积极参与该活动，内容包括：1.地球环境的现状；2.该活动的目的和要求；3.号召大家积极参加。完成句子1．毫无疑问，许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(Thereislittledoubtthat...)2．在这里，我代表学生会提出建议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(onbehalfof；that引导的同位语从句；conservation)3．为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会，我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动，旨在采取有效且实际的措施来保护环境。(harmonious；sustainable；campaign；which引导的定语从句)4．对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交申请和相关材料。(submit；定语从句)5．我衷心希望大家能抓住这个宝贵的机会并立即加入我们。(seize)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文ThereislittledoubtthatagreatmanyhumanactivitieshavecausedgreatdamagetoourmotherEarth.Here，onbehalfofthestudents’council，Imakeasuggestionthatwestudentsshouldmakesomecontributionstoenvironmentalconservation.It’s(high)timethatwetook/shouldtakevariousmeasurestoprotecttheearthfrompollution.Tobuildamoreharmoniousandsustainablesociety，wehavelaunchedacampaignnamed“EarthGuardian”，whichisaimedattakingeffectiveandpracticalmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.ThosewhoareinterestedinthecampaignmustsubmitapplicationsandrelevantmaterialsbeforeOctober1st.Isincerelyhopethateveryonecanseizethispreciouschanceandjoinusimmediately.教材语料整合亮词[环境描写]melt；ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；jungle；harmoniousadj.→harmonyn．；moderate；tropical；sensitive；waterway[动作描写]starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；submit；restorev．→restorationn．；fine；toleratev．→tolerantadj.→tolerancen．美句1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(环境描写)2.Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.(环境描写)3.In2013，alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.(情感描写)4.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.(主旨升华)5.ThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurroundingsceneryisoneofthemostwellknowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.(环境描写)拓展语料积累动作细节描写：“脚动”单词tiptoev．踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走；barefootadj.&adv.赤脚；dancev．雀跃；跳跃；springv．跳；跃；creepv．悄悄地缓慢行进；chasev．追赶；flee(away)v．逃跑词块inbarefeet光脚；get/risetoone’sfeet起立；struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来；jumptoone’sfeet猛地站起/跳起来；springtoone’sfeet一跃而起；leaptoone’sfeet跳起来；plantone’sfeettotheground双脚钉在地上；raiseoneselfontiptoe踮起脚尖；stampone’sfeet跺脚句型1.Disappointedandfrustrated，thepoormandraggedhisfeetbackhome.这个可怜的人既失望又沮丧，拖着沉重的脚步返回家中。2.Heleapt/jumped/sprangtohisfeet/jumpedupandrushedoutofthelivingroom.他一跃而起，冲出起居室。3.Sheplantedherfeetfirmlytothespotandrefusedtomove.她牢牢地站在原地，一动也不动。4.Hewassowornoutthatheliftedhisfeettoleaveasiftheywere100kilos.(比喻)他是如此疲惫以至于抬脚离开时好像双脚有千斤重。5.Shetapped/stampedherfeetimpatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚。6.Sheslippedoutofbedandtiptoedtothewindow.她溜下床，踮起脚尖走向窗户。语料运用保护动物Onanearlyspringmorning①whenthesnowhadn’tmeltedpletely(定语从句)，mybrotherandIwerewalkingalongthecountrytrackwhenalittlecat②lyingonthedrystraw(分词短语作后置定语)attractedoureyes.Outofcuriosity，③wetiptoedtowarditslowly.Wethoughtitwould④springtoitsfeetandfleeawayonseeingus.Butthecatonlystruggledtoitsfeet，⑤releasingsomeweakandpainfulmoans(分词短语作状语)．Approachingcloser，wefoundinsurprisethatthelittlecat⑥hadbeenseriouslyinjuredinoneofitslegsandwasbadlyinneedofmedicalhelp.Notknowingwhattodo，⑦weplantedourfeetfirmlytothespotforamomentandthendecidedthatweshouldtakeithome；⑧otherwiseitwoulddieinthecoldweather.初春的一个早晨，雪还没有完全融化，我和哥哥正在乡间小路上散步，一只躺在干稻草上的小猫吸引了我们的目光。出于好奇，我们慢慢地踮着脚尖走向它。我们以为它看到我们会跳起来逃跑，但猫只是挣扎着站起来，发出几声虚弱而痛苦的呻吟。走近时，我们惊讶地发现，这只小猫的一条腿受了重伤，急需就医。不知道该怎么办，我们牢牢地在原地站了一会儿，然后决定把它带回家，否则它会在寒冷的天气里死去。单元主题组合练[62.5分]Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2024·湖南长沙一模)Weare①unavoidablylinkedtotheocean.Collectively，itcoversabout71%ofourworldandisinstrumentalintheprocessesthatkeepusalive.Whiletherainforestsmaybereferredtoas“thelungsoftheplanet”，scientistssayit’sactuallytheoceanthatprovides50%－80%oftheoxygenwebreathe.Besides，througha“conveyorbelt”action，ithelpsregulateEarth’sclimatebytransportingheatawayfromtheequator，towardsthepolestocool.Theoceanalsoprovesitselfessentialinthefightagainstclimatechangetoo.Itabsorbs50timesmorecarbondioxidethanouratmosphere—orrather，it’snottheoceanitselfbutwhatlivesinit.Andperhapsoneofthemostincredibleformsisthehumbleseagrass.Acrosstheglobe，therearemorethan70speciesofseagrass，growinginshallowand②shelteredcoastalareasandcovering300,000squarekilometres，whichabsorbs10%oftheocean’scarboneachyearandcapturescarbonupto35timesfasterthantropicalrainforests.Seagrassbuildsitsleavesandrootsusingcarbon，whichitextractsfromwaterthroughtheprocessofphotosynthesis(光合作用)—anditholdsontoit，evenafterdeath.Deadplantmaterialdeposes(分解)slowlyontheoceanfloor，andthismeansthatthecarbonstoredwithiniseventuallyburiedundertheseabed.Significantasitis，seagrassiscriticallyendangered.AccordingtotheU．N.EnvironmentProgramme，aseagrassareathesizeofafootballpitchisdestroyedevery30minutesaroundtheworld.Fortunately，restorationmissionsarealready③underway，inplacesasfarafieldasKenya，Mozambique，andtheUK.Butrisingtemperaturesremaina④twofoldthreat：anincreaseinstormsthatteartheshallowrootedseagrassfromitsbeds，andrisingsealevelsthatblockoutthesunlight.However，seagrassisknowntoadapttosurvive—andgenesequencingoftheZosteramarinaseagrasshasshownithasdonesoonthreeseparateoccasionsalready.CoulditbeoneofEarth’sgreatsurvivorsthatwillsaveusall?Onlytimewilltell.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海草的重要性——能够通过吸收碳来帮助调节气候。1．HowdoestheseagrasshelpregulateEarth’sclimate?A．Itblocksoutthesunlight.B．Itabsorbscarbondioxide.C．Itprovidesmostoftheoxygen.D．Ittransportsheattowardsthepoles.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theoceanalsoprovesitselfessentialinthefightagainstclimatechangetoo.Itabsorbs50timesmorecarbondioxidethanouratmosphere—orrather，it’snottheoceanitselfbutwhatlivesinit.Andperhapsoneofthemostincredibleformsisthehumbleseagrass.”可知，海草能够通过吸收二氧化碳来帮助调节气候，故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extracts”inparagraph2mean?A．Obtains. B．Replaces.C．Consumes. D．Delivers.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Seagrassbuildsitsleavesandrootsusingcarbon，whichitextractsfromwaterthroughtheprocessofphotosynthesis(光合作用)—anditholdsontoit，evenafterdeath.”可知，海草通过光合作用从水中提取碳来使叶子和根生长，即使在死后也会保留碳。故“extract”意为“提取，获得”，故选A。3．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheseagrassfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itisnolongerendangeredafterrestoration.B．Ithassavedtheplanetfromclimatechange.C．Ithasn’tbeenaffectedbyrisingtemperatures.D．Itisabletoadapttochangesinitsenvironment.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，seagrassisknowntoadapttosurvive...ithasdonesoonthreeseparateoccasionsalready.”可推测，海草具备适应周边环境的变化以求生存的能力，故选D。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheFantasticWorldofSeagrassB．TheUncertainFutureoftheOceanC．Seagrass：theOcean’sUnsungHeroD．TheBattletoSaveSeagrassfromExtinction答案C解析标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文的主体对象是海草，作为海洋生态系统的一部分，它能够吸收大量的碳，有助于减缓气候变化，结合文章结尾处“CoulditbeoneofEarth’sgreatsurvivorsthatwillsaveusall?Onlytimewilltell.”可知，C选项“海草：海洋的无名英雄”最适合作文章标题。故选C。语境猜词①unavoidably(派)＝un＋avoid＋abl(e)＋yadv.不可避免地②sheltered(派)＝shelter＋edadj.有遮蔽物的③underway(合)＝under＋wayadj.在进行中的④twofold(合)＝two＋foldadj.双重的B(2024·广东深圳一模)Eachyear，theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate，somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit，nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)have①pioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto“grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.Inthelab，theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsare②culturedinliquidmediumfortwodays，thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones(激素)．Byadjustingthehormonelevels，theresearcherscan③tunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next，theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial，andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally，theresearchersdehydrate(使脱水)thematerial，andthenevaluateitsqualities.Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded，opencellsoflowerdensity(密度)，whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid，helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.What’smore，it’stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!Researchofthiskindisgroundbreaking.“Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofatechnology，”saysleadresearcher，JeffreyBerenstain.“Therealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes，sizes，rigidity，andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料，并解释了其实验过程及其积极意义。5．WhydoresearchersatMITperformtheresearch?A．Togrowmoretrees.B．Toreducetreelosses.C．Toprotectplantdiversity.D．Topredictforestdisappearance.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段“Eachyear，theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate，somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit...”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选B。6．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?A．Itsscientificorigins. B．Itstheoreticalbasis.C．Itsusualdifficulties. D．Itsmainprocesses.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“firsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant”“thenmovedtoanothermedium”“Next，theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial”“Finally，theresearchersdehydrate(使脱水)thematerial，andthenevaluateitsqualities.”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于实验室研究的主要过程。故选D。7．Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?A．Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.B．Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.C．Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.D．Theircells’shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded，opencellsoflowerdensity(密度)，whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid，helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.”可知，激素水平影响细胞的形状和密度，而细胞结构的密度影响植物材料硬度，由此可知，激素水平影响植物材料的硬度。故选C。8．WhyistheresearchpathbreakingaccordingtoBerenstain?A．Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.B．Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.C．Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.D．Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes，sizes，rigidity，andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.”可知，Berenstain认为这项研究具有开创性是因为它革新了制作木制品的方法。故选C。语境猜词①pioneer(转)n.→v.倡导；开辟②culture(转)n.→v.培育③tune(熟义：n.曲调；曲子)生义(文义)：v.调整Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Arewormstheheroeswedidn’tknowweneeded?Silent，slimyandwriggling(扭动)，youmightthinkthatwormsaregoodfornothingexceptbait(诱饵)ontheendofafishingpole.1TheBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinsaidthatnootheranimalhas“playedsuchanimportantpartinthehistoryoftheworldastheselowlyorganisedcreatures”．TheyhavelivedonEarthfor600millionyearsandhaveevensurvivedfivemassextinctions.2Earthwormsliterallymovetheearth，andthisiswhyfarmerslovethem.Astheytravel，theyaerate(使透气)thesoilbyloosening，mixingandoxygenatingit.3Theyareeffectivelyasmallbutveryefficientplough(犁)．Butit’snotjustearthwormsthatdeservepraise.In2022，agroupofscientistsattheMargaritaSalasCentreforBiologicalResearchisolatedenzymes(酶)foundinwaxwormsaliva(唾液)whichareplasticeating.4It’shopedthatbyproducingtheseenzymesonan①industrylevelscale，wewillhaveamoreenvironmentallyfriendlywaytoreduceplasticpollution.5Bloodwormsaresmallseacreatureswhichpressthemselvesintothemudoftheoceanfloor.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia，SantaBarbarahavebeenstudyingtheirjaws，whicharemadeupof10%copperproteins(铜蛋白)andaresostrongthattheylasttheworm’sentirefiveyear②lifespan.Becauseofthisresearch，engineersmaystartusingthejawsasinspirationforthedesignandmanufactureofmaterialslikeconcrete.So，nexttimeyouseeaworm，showitalittlerespect.Theyreallyarechangingtheworld!A．So，whatdowormsdothatissogreat?B．Wormshavealifespanofafewmonths.C．Andwormsareeveninspiringthebuildingindustry.D．Itincreasestheground’scapacitytoholdandemptywater.E．However，thereismoretothehumblewormthanmeetstheeye.F．Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.G．Thesecanbreakdownaverymonplasticthatnormallybreaksdownovermanyyears.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介