【英语】高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含解析

【英语】高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。（2）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二极管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。”（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”现在，类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。”故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。例如华为MateX的价格是17500元人民币。这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Whilefakingandfiercelooksareamonganimalsgreatdefenses,manyspeciesknowthateveryonerunsfromabigstink(臭气)too.

Vulture(秃鸳)

Vultures,arestreetsweepersthatfeastontherottingfleshofdeadanimals,whichbenefitsusbyriddingourhighwaysandlandscapesofanimalbodiesandthebacteriatheymightcarry.Whenvulturesfeelthreatenedtheyvomit,andthesmellofvomited-ondeadbodiesputsofmostpredators.Throwingupallowsthevulturetoflyawaymorequickly-andthevomitcanhurttheaggressor'seyesandface.

Opossum(负鼠)

Insomewaysopossumshaveiteasy.Inordertobecome"dead",theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.Eveniftheykeepgettingattacked,theywon'tmoveanymorethanahumanstatueuntilthethreathaspassed.

Hoatzin(磨雉)

Holdyournoseandmeetthehoatzin,abirdofdistinctions,nottheleastofwhichisthatitsmellslikefreshcowshit.Theanimalmostlyeatsleavesandit'stheonlybirdknowntodigestbyfermentation,likeacow.Thisprocessiswhatcausesitssmellandhasearneditthenicknamethe"stinkbird

Millipedes(千足虫)

Millipedesaretricky.Forstarterstheylookwormy.Theirnameisdeceptive,too:Theirlegsnumberabout750.Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.

SeaHare(海兔)

Thegracefulseahareisplainintasteinthefirstplace,soit'snotthemostpopulardishintheseafoodchain.Nonethelessthistypeofseacreaturehasaprettycreativesmell-relateddefensethatisalmosttheoppositeofitssmellycompanionsonthislist.Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.

Researchersusinglobsters(2-f)asmodelpredatorsfoundthattheseablocksthelobstersreceptivemechanism.Inotherwords,theseaharegivesitsattackertheequivalentofastuffynosesotheydon'tknowhowappealingitis.（1）Theseaharedefendsitselffrompredatorsby________.A.

becomingplainintasteatthediscoveryofapredatorB.

givingoutpurpleinktomakeitselfinvisibletopredatorsC.

releasingsubstancetomakepredatorsunabletosmellitD.

givingoffsmellygastotrytodrivepredatorsaway（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

Thevulturecarriesbacteriasothatpredatorsdarenotgetclosetoit.B.

Theopossumfakesitsdeathtoavoidbeingtargetedbypredators.C.

Thehoatzineatscowshitsothatitisnick-namedas"stinkbird".D.

Thegasreleasedbymillipedewasbasicallyharmless.（3）Thespeciesthatenjoysmorethanonedefensemechanismis________.A.

vulture

B.

opossum

C.

millipede

D.

seahare【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。（1）考查细节理解。根据

SeaHare(海兔)部分中的“Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据

Opossum(负鼠)部分中的“Inordertobecome‘dead’,theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.”可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据Millipedes(千足虫)部分中的“Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。然而，它们也会释放出有害的

眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whydoestimeseemtoflybyfasteraswegetold?You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame.Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神经元).Newresearchsuggests'rapidfire'abilitiesoftheyoungbrainallowustoprocessmoreinformationduringyouth,causingthedaystoseemlongerearlierinlife.However,aswegetold,researcherssaytheolderbraintakesmoretimetoprocessinformation.

ThenewfindingputforwardbyaDukeUniversityresearcherwaspublishedinapaperinthejournalEuropeanReviewthisweekAccordingtoAdrianBejan,theJ.AJonesProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringatDuke,thephysicalchangesofournervesandneuronsplay,amajorroleinourperception(知觉)oftimeaswegetold.Overtheyearsthesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade.

"Littlebabies,forexample,movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthanadultsbecausethey'reprocessingimagesatafasterrate,"Beiansays,Forolderpeople,thismeansfewerimagesarebeingprocessedinthesameamountoftime,causingexperiencestoseemasthoughthey'rehappeningmorequickly.（1）Whatcausestimetoflyfasteraswegetold?A.

Changesofournervesandneurons.B.

Informationinourbrain.C.

Theelectricalsignals.D.

Rapidfireabilities.（2）Whatisunavoidableintheprocessofgettingold?A.

Longerdays.

B.

Agingbrains.

C.

Moreimages.

D.

Lessexperience.（3）Whydothedaysseemlongerearlierinlife?A.

Youngpeoplearemoreenergeticintheirlife.B.

Theyoungerbraintakeslesstimetoprocessinformation.C.

Oldpeoplehavefewerthingstodothanyoungpeople.D.

Littlebabiesmovetheireyesmuchmoreoften.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

NervesandNeuronsB.

TimeFliesFastC.

TheOlder,theFasterD.

TheFunctionoftheBrain【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么老年人会觉得时间过得较快，主要原因是随着年龄的增长，大脑中神经元的变化让老年人的大脑需要更多的时间来处理接收到的信息，这样就会让他们觉得时间过得较快。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神经元)."可知，老年人觉得时间过得过快的原因是神经和神经元的变化。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame."和第二段中的"Overtheyears,thesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade."可知，随着年龄的增长，不可避免的就是大脑结构的老化。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的最后两句可知，年轻时之所以觉得日子似乎更长是因为大脑能够以“快速射击”的方式处理更多信息。当我们变老的时候，大脑需要更多的时间来处理信息。所以说，相较于老年人，年轻人的大脑花费更少的时间来处理信息。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章首句点明了文章谈论中心：为什么随着我们变老，我们会觉得时间过得更快？后面文章主要解释了原因：老年人因为大脑退化，神经元的变化导致他们觉得时间过得较快。C项正好与主旨句呼应，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Expertsnotethatanunhealthylifestylecanputyouatgreatriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart."Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive."Hesayssmilingisthefirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.Severalstudiessupporthisopinion.

Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷尔蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody'smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugarinthebloodstream.Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.Theyarepartofwhatwecallourfight-or-flightresponse.

However,whenwearestressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareever-presentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.

Researcherssaytheconnectionbetweenstressandheartdiseaseisstillunclear.However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymayhaveanunhealthylifestyle,whichcanleadtohealthproblems.

Dr.Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.Itisnotinvasivelikeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.

"Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth."Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.（1）WhichofthefollowingagreeswithDr.Chockalingam'sopinion?A.Smilehasthesameeffectsaslaughter.B.Smilecanbeusedtotaketheplaceofmedicine.C.Smileisbetterthananyhealthylifestyletohealth.D.Smilecanmakeourbodyproducebeneficialchemicals.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthementionedstresshormones?A.Theycanlowerourbloodpressure.B.Theywillsurelyleadtoheartdiseases.C.Theycanbenefituswhenweareindanger.D.Theywillmakeusliveanunhealthylifestyle.（3）WhydoesDr.Chockalingamthinksmilingishelpfultoourhealth?A.Itcanmakeusrelax.B.Itincreasessugarlevels.C.Ithaslittlebadsideeffects.D.Itcanhappenfornoreason.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AThoroughAnalysisoftheCausesofHeartDiseasesB.OneThingYouCanDoRightNowtoHelpYourHeartC.OneThingThatIsCloselyConnectedwithStressHormonesD.TheClearConnectionBetweenUnhealthyLifestylesandHeartDiseases【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议多保持微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人们感到压力时的身体反应等情况。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。释放出的化学物质更积极。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.”如果你真的有危险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙可以帮助我们。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.”如果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑可以使我们放松，从而有利于我们的健康。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart.”哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议他的病人保持微笑。他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。以及结合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.

Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously."Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,"recalls(回忆)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.

Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.

Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(盐度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.

Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.

Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN'sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.

"Theoceanisnotourworld,"commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"desensitised"inParagraph2mean?A.

Stubborn.

B.

Flexible.

C.

Dull.

D.

Friendly.（2）What'sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A.

Tolowerthespeedofships.

B.

Toreducethenumberofships.C.

Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.

D.

Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Disapproving.

C.

Positive.

D.

Uncaring.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Agreatexpert.

B.

Noiseinthesea.C.

Animalsinthesea.

D.

Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously“可知，鲸鱼被靠近的船只碰撞，因为它们可能是对船只所产生的噪音比较“迟钝”。故可知划线部分单词意思为“迟钝的”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的”It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.“也有可能将船只减速到每小时18公里或更少，这样就不太可能严重伤害鲸鱼。可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一种解决办法。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.“由于他的工作，我们可以更好地了解海底声音污染的影响。可知，作者对MichelAndre所做的工作十分认可。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Whenitcomestomoderncommunication,securityisabigconcern.Itseemslikewe'reforeverhearingabouthackersleaking(泄露)emails,passwordsandotherimportantpersonalinformation.

ButthankstoabreakthroughbyChinesescientists,whowonthe2018NewcombClevelandPrizeinFebruary,wemaysoonneverhavetoworryaboutourdataagain.ThisisthankstothesatellitecalledMiciusthatusescutting-edgetechnologytosendandreceiveinformation.

Miciusisthefirstsatelliteofitskindtousequantumkeydistribution(量子密匙分发),whichusesparticles(粒子)thattransmit(传输)lighttotransferinformationfromonepointtoanother.Currently,itcancommunicatewithtwobasestations(基站),bothofwhicharelocatedhighupinthemountainsintwodifferentareasofTibet,around1,200kilometersapart.Dataissentbetweenthesatelliteandoneofthebasestationsintheformofarayoflight.Thismakesitalmostimpossiblefordatasentandreceivedusingquantumsatellitetechnologytobestolen,astheconnectionwillbebrokenifsomeonetriestohackit.

"Anyeavesdropper(偷听者)onthequantumchannelattemptingtogaininformation…canbefoundbythecommunicatingusers,"thescientistswroteinthepaper.

However,thetechnologydoeshaveafewlimitations.Forexample,theprocessonlyworksatnight,astheinformationisn'tabletopassthroughsunlight.

Despitethesesmallissues,thescientificcommunityacrosstheworldhasreactedpositivelytoChina'sachievementsinthisgroundbreakingproject.

"ThisChineseexperimentisaquiteremarkabletechnologicalachievement,"ArturEkert,aprofessorofquantumphysicsattheUniversityofOxford,toldBBCNews.

AndKarlZiemelis,aneditorforNature,toldXinhua,"It'satestament(见证)toChina'sinvestmentsandsignificanteffortsinthephysicalsciencesthatthisgrouphasbeenabletopushresearchinpracticalquantumcommunicationtechnologiestosuchanastronomical(天文学的)height."（1）Accordingtothepassage,whyMiciusissafefortransportingmessages?A.

Becauseitisonlydatabaselocatedinspace,whichcannotbetouched.B.

Becauseitonlyworksatnight,astheinformationisn'tabletopassthroughsunlight.C.

Becauseitusesparticlesthattransmitlighttotransferinformationfromonetoanother.D.

Becauseitdoesn'tscoreanyimportantprivateinformationlikepasswordsande-mails.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribescientists'wordsinthepaper?A.

ItgaveouttheworkingprincipleofMicius.B.

Ittellsofakindofscientificappearance.C.

ItwarnedhackersnottostealinformationfromMicius.D.

Itisamoreapparentexplanationofitssafety.（3）What'sthemainproblemofMicius?A.

Itscoretechnologyiscontrolledinforeigncountries.B.

Lightisamustinitsworkingprocess.C.

Itssafetyperformanceneedsimproving.D.

Sunlighthasadeadlyinfluenceonitsworking.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

Leapingintoanageofsecuredata

B.

HowshouldyouavoidinformationhackersC.

OldProblem,NewApproaches

D.

Takingondatatheft【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了对于现代通信，安全是一个大问题。似乎我们总是听到黑客泄露电子邮件、密码和其他重要的个人信息。最近中国发射了一颗名为"墨子号"的卫星，它使用尖端技术来发送和接收信息。我们可能很快就再也不用担心数据安全问题了。（1）推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Miciusisthefirstsatelliteofitskindtousequantumkeydistribution(量子密匙分发),whichusesparticles(粒子)thattransmit(传输)lighttotransferinformationfromonepointtoanother.（墨子号是第一颗使用量子密钥分配（quantumkeydistribution，量子密钥分配）的卫星，它使用传输光的粒子将信息从一个点传输到另一个点。）可知，因为使用量子来传输，所以不会泄露重要的个人信息。故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据第四段"Anyeavesdropperonthequantumchannelattemptingtogaininformation…canbefoundbythecommunicatingusers,"thescientistswroteinthepaper.（科学家们在论文中写道："任何试图获取信息的量子信道窃听者……都可以被正在通信的用户发现。"）可知，科学家在论文中的表述讲述了一种科学现象。故选B。（3）推理判断题。根据第五段中Forexample,theprocessonlyworksatnight,astheinformationisn'tabletopassthroughsunlight.（例如，这个过程只