2025年《00015英语（二）》阅读技巧专项卷

2025年《00015英语（二）》阅读技巧专项卷考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatforms,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhaveturnedtofreelancework,short-termcontracts,andproject-basedengagementsasalternativestotraditional,long-termemployment.Whileofferingflexibilityandautonomy,thisshiftalsopresentsahostofchallenges,bothforindividualsandforsocietyasawhole.Proponentsofthegigeconomyoftenhighlightitsbenefitsforworkersseekingflexibility.Theabilitytochooseone'sprojects,setone'sownhours,andworkfromanywhereoffersaleveloffreedomthattraditionaljobsoftencannotmatch.Forindividualsinprecariousfinancialsituationsorthoseseekingtopursuemultipleinterests,gigworkcanbeanattractiveoption.Furthermore,companiesembracinggigworkersbenefitfromreducedoverheadcostsandtheabilitytoscaletheirworkforceupordownbasedondemand.Thissupposedefficiencyandagilityhasledmanybusinessestoprefergiglaboroverfull-timestaff.However,beneaththesurfaceofflexibilityliesamorecomplexrealityformanygigworkers.Thelackoftraditionalbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleavecreatessignificantfinancialinsecurity.Incomecanbehighlyunpredictable,oftenfluctuatingwildlyfromoneweektothenext.Thisinstabilityforcesmanygigworkerstospendalargeportionoftheirearningsonself-insuranceortoliveonthebrinkofpoverty,hopingforconsistentwork.Moreover,theabsenceofastablecareerpathandprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiescanleadtofeelingsofisolationandjobdissatisfactioninthelongrun.Thedigitalplatformsthatfacilitategigworkoftenexertconsiderablecontroloverpricing,assignments,andevenworkerclassification,sometimesunderminingtheveryindependencetheypurporttooffer.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoexpand,policymakersaregrapplingwithhowtoregulatethisrapidlyevolvingsector.Debateshavecenteredonissuessuchaswhethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasemployeesratherthanindependentcontractors,howtoensureadequatesocialsafetynets,andhowtomaintainfaircompetitionwithintheplatformsthemselves.Thechallengeliesincreatingasystemthataccommodatestheflexibilitythegigeconomyofferswhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsidesforworkersandsociety.Questions:1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthegigeconomymentionedinthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whataretheprimaryadvantagesofthegigeconomyforworkers?3.Whatspecificproblemsrelatedtofinancialsecuritydomanygigworkersface?4.Whatdifficultiesdogigworkersencounterregardingcareerdevelopmentandsocialinteraction?5.Whatkeyregulatoryissuesarediscussedaschallengesforpolicymakersconcerningthegigeconomy?Passage2Theconceptof"cognitiveload"referstotheamountofmentaleffortbeingusedintheworkingmemory.Whenlearningnewinformation,ifthecognitiveloadexceedsthecapacityofworkingmemory,learningbecomesdifficult.Thisprinciple,rootedincognitivepsychology,hasprofoundimplicationsforeducationaltechniquesandinstructionaldesign.Understandinghowcognitiveloadaffectslearningcanhelpeducatorscreatemoreeffectiveteachingmethodsandmaterials.Therearethreemaintypesofcognitiveload:intrinsic,extraneous,andgermane.Intrinsiccognitiveloadstemsfromtheinherentcomplexityofthelearningmaterialitself.Forexample,learninghighlyabstractmathematicalconceptspresentsanaturalcognitivechallengeregardlessofhowtheyaretaught.Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrom呈现(presents)informationinaconfusingorpoorlystructuredmanner.Thistypeofloadcanbereducedbyusingclearexplanations,logicalorganization,andwell-designedvisuals.Germanecognitiveload,ontheotherhand,isthementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation.Ideally,instructionaldesignshouldaimtominimizeextraneouscognitiveloadandfacilitategermanecognitiveload,allowinglearnerstofocustheirmentalresourcesonacquiringknowledge.Effectiveinstructionofteninvolvestheuseof"multimediaprinciples,"suchasthemodalityprincipleandthecoherenceprinciple,whicharedirectlybasedoncognitiveloadtheory.Themodalityprinciplesuggeststhatpresentinginformationinmultiplemodalities—suchascombiningspokentextwithrelevantgraphics—canreducecognitiveloadbecausepeopleoftenprocessverbalandvisualinformationdifferentlyintheirminds.Thecoherenceprincipleadvisesagainstincludingunnecessaryinformationorextraneouselementsininstruction,astheseelementscompeteforcognitiveresourcesandhinderlearning.Bythoughtfullydesigningeducationalcontenttomanagecognitiveload,educatorscansignificantlyenhancecomprehensionandretention.However,simplyreducingcognitiveloadisnotalwaystheoptimalgoal.Somelevelofloadisnecessaryforlearningtooccur,asitstimulatesmentalengagementandprocessing.Thechallengeliesinbalancingtheload:makingthematerialaccessibleenoughtoavoidoverwhelminglearners,butcomplexenoughtoprovidemeaningfulcognitiveactivity.Techniquessuchasvaryingthedifficultylevel,incorporatingchallengingproblems,andencouragingactiveprocessingcanpromotedeeperunderstandingwithoutcausingexcessivecognitivestrain.Questions:6.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassageregardingcognitiveload?7.Howdoesthepassagedifferentiatebetweenintrinsicandextraneouscognitiveload?8.Accordingtothemodalityprinciplementionedinthepassage,whycanpresentinginformationinmultiplemodalitiesbebeneficial?9.Whatisthemainchallengeinmanagingcognitiveloadforeducationalpurposes?10.Whatshouldbetheultimateaimofinstructionaldesignaccordingtothepassage?Passage3Therelationshipbetweenhumansandnaturehasundergoneadramatictransformationoverthecourseofhistory.Formuchofhumanexistence,communitiesweredeeplyintegratedintotheirlocalecosystems,relyingonnaturalresourcesforsustenance,shelter,andtools.Knowledgeoflocalfloraandfauna,passeddownthroughgenerations,wasessentialforsurvival.Thisintimateconnectionfosteredacertainlevelofrespectandunderstandingfortheenvironment.However,withtheadventofindustrializationandsubsequenttechnologicaladvancements,thisrelationshipbegantoshiftdramatically.Thepursuitofeconomicgrowthoftentookprecedenceoverenvironmentalconsiderations.Urbanizationledtotheconcentrationofpopulations,furtherseparatingmanypeoplefromdirectnaturalexperiences.Thedevelopmentofagriculture,whilesupportinglargerpopulations,ofteninvolvedpracticesthatdepletedsoilnutrientsandpollutedwatersources.Industrialprocessesreleasedpollutantsintotheairandwater,leadingtowidespreadenvironmentaldegradation.Thiserasawnatureincreasinglyviewedasacollectionofresourcestobeexploitedratherthanacomplexsystemtoberespected.Inrecentdecades,therehasbeenagrowingrecognitionofthenegativeconsequencesofthisdisconnectedrelationship.Issueslikeclimatechange,biodiversityloss,andpollutionhavebecomeglobalconcerns,threateningtheveryecosystemsuponwhichhumansurvivaldepends.Thishasspurredarenewedinterestinenvironmentalconservationandsustainableliving.Conceptslike"ecosystemservices"highlightthetangiblebenefitsthathumansderivefromnaturalsystems,encouragingamoreeconomicvaluationofenvironmentalprotection.Thereisalsoagrowingmovementtoreconnectpeoplewithnature,emphasizingtheimportanceofexperienceslikespendingtimeoutdoors,particularlyforchildren,tofosterenvironmentalstewardshipfromayoungage.Achievingasustainablefuturerequiresnotonlytechnologicalsolutionsbutalsoafundamentalshiftinhowhumansperceivetheirplacewithinthenaturalworld.Movingawayfromthemindsetofdominancetowardsoneofpartnershipandmutualrespectiscrucial.Thisinvolvesintegratingenvironmentaleducationintocurricula,promotingpoliciesthatprotectnaturalhabitats,andencouraginglifestylesthatminimizenegativeenvironmentalimpacts.Ultimately,fosteringaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumanityandnatureisessentialforlong-termecologicalhealthandhumanwell-being.Questions:11.Whatcharacterizedthehuman-naturerelationshipbeforetheindustrialera?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthemajorenvironmentalproblemscausedbyindustrializationandtechnologicaladvancement?13.Whathasbeentheimpactofurbanizationonthehuman-naturerelationship?14.Whatare"ecosystemservices"asmentionedinthepassage?15.Whatfundamentalshiftinmindsetiscrucialforachievingasustainablefuture,accordingtotheauthor?Passage4Effectivecommunicationisacornerstoneofsuccessfulpersonalandprofessionalinteractions.Whileoftentakenforgranted,theabilitytoconveyideasclearlyandunderstandothersaccuratelyisacomplexskillthatrequiresconstantpracticeandrefinement.Miscommunication,ontheotherhand,canleadtomisunderstandings,conflicts,andmissedopportunities,highlightingtheimportanceofdevelopingstrongcommunicationabilities.Therearevariousbarriersthatcanimpedeeffectivecommunication.Physicalbarriers,suchasloudnoisesorpoorlighting,canmakeitdifficulttohearorseethespeakerclearly.Psychologicalbarriers,likepreconceivednotions,biases,oremotionalstates(e.g.,angerordistraction),cancloudjudgmentandaffecthowmessagesareinterpreted.Semanticbarriersarisefromdifferencesinlanguageorterminology,particularlyin跨文化(cross-cultural)communicationwheredifferinglinguisticbackgroundsandculturalnormscanleadtosignificantmisunderstandings.Finally,organizationalbarriers,suchascomplexhierarchiesorinformationoverload,canhinderthesmoothflowofinformationwithinagrouporcompany.Overcomingthesebarriersrequiresconsciouseffortandtheapplicationofspecificcommunicationstrategies.Activelisteningisafundamentalskill;itinvolvespayingfullattentiontothespeaker,askingclarifyingquestions,andreflectingonthemessagetoensureunderstanding.Clearandconciselanguageisalsocrucial.Avoidingjargon,usingsimplesentences,andbeingmindfuloftheaudience'sbackgroundcansignificantlyimprovemessagereception.Non-verbalcommunication,includingbodylanguage,facialexpressions,andtoneofvoice,alsoplaysavitalroleandcanoftenconveymoreinformationthanwordsalone.Incross-culturalsettings,developingculturalawarenessandadaptingcommunicationstylesaccordinglyisessentialforsuccessfulinteraction.Furthermore,feedbackisacriticalcomponentofthecommunicationprocess.Providingconstructivefeedbackallowsbothsendersandreceiverstoconfirmunderstandingandmakeadjustmentsasneeded.Thiscreatesaloopofcommunicationthathelpstopreventmisunderstandingsfromescalating.Masteringtheartofgivingandreceivingfeedback,whilepotentiallyuncomfortable,isakeystepinbecominganeffectivecommunicator.Developingstrongcommunicationskillsisanongoingprocessthatbenefitsallareasoflife.Whetherinpersonalrelationships,teamcollaborations,orprofessionalpresentations,theabilitytocommunicateeffectivelycanfosterunderstanding,buildtrust,andleadtomorepositiveoutcomes.Questions:16.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofpsychologicalbarrierstocommunication?18.Whatspecificskillishighlightedascrucialforunderstandingthespeaker'smessage?19.Whyisclarityinlanguageconsideredimportantincommunication?20.Whatroledoesfeedbackplayinthecommunicationprocess,accordingtothepassage?第二部分完形填空Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefully.Thenfillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordyouhavelearnedfromthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthecorrespondingspacesonAnswerSheet2.Thehumanbrainisaremarkableorgan,21itsvastcapacityforlearningandadaptation.However,thiscapacityisnotinfinite.Thewaywelearnnewinformationandthehabitsweformcansignificantlyimpactourbrain'sefficiencyandevenitsphysicalstructure.Understandingthesedynamicscanhelpusoptimizeourcognitivefunctionsthroughoutlife.Onekeyprincipleistheconceptof"neuroplasticity,"whichreferstothebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.Thisplasticityallowsustolearnnewskills,adapttochangingenvironments,andrecoverfrombraininjuries.However,thisprocessrequiresfocusedattentionandconsistenteffort.Learningthatispassiveorhaphazarddoeslittletostimulateneuroplasticity.Instead,activeengagementwithmaterial—suchaspracticingaskill,discussingconcepts,orteachingsomeoneelse—tendstobefarmoreeffectiveinstrengtheningneuralpathways.Anotherimportantfactoristheroleofsleepinmemoryconsolidation.Whenwesleep,ourbrainsarenotidle;theyareactivelyprocessingandintegratingtheinformationweencounteredduringtheday.Thisprocess,whichoccursduringspecificstagesofsleep,iscrucialfortransferringshort-termmemoriesintolong-termstorage.22sleepisdisruptedorinsufficient,theconsolidationofmemoriescanbeimpaired,leadingtodifficultiesinlearningandretaininginformation.Therefore,ensuringadequateandqualitysleepisessentialforoptimalcognitiveperformance.Furthermore,thebrain'sefficiencyisheavilyinfluencedbythehabitswecultivate.Forinstance,multitasking,whileoftenperceivedasefficient,canactuallybedetrimental.Thebraindoesnotperformmultipletaskssimultaneously;rather,itrapidlyswitchesattentionbetweenthem.Thisswitchingcomesatacognitivecost,reducingfocus,increasingerrors,andconsumingmorementalenergythansingle-tasking.23,focusingononetaskatatimeallowsfordeeperprocessingandbetterretentionofinformation.Similarly,thebrainbenefitsfromregularphysicalexercise,whichincreasesbloodflowandpromotesthegrowthofnewneurons.24,ahealthydietrichinnutrientssupportsbrainhealthbyprovidingthenecessarybuildingblocksandenergyforoptimalfunction.Bybeingmindfuloftheseprinciples—neuroplasticity,sleep,habitslikefocusandexercise,andnutrition—wecantakesignificantstepstoenhanceourcognitiveabilitiesandmaintainahealthy,sharpmind.21.A)demonstratingB)possessingC)limitingD)measuring22.A)YetB)ThereforeC)MoreoverD)However23.A)IncontrastB)AsaresultC)ForexampleD)Inaddition24.A)IndeedB)OtherwiseC)InsteadD)Similarly第三部分短文写作Directions:Writeanessayof120-150wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet2.[PictureDescription:Apersonstandsatacrossroads.Onepathleadstoabright,litcitywithvariousbuildings,representing'Opportunity'.Theotherpathisdarkandnarrow,leadingintoaforest,representing'Adventure'.Thepersonlooksuncertainlyatbothpaths.]---试卷答案第一部分阅读理解1.B*解析思路：文章首段明确指出，“gigeconomy”的核心特征是“flexibleworkarrangements”（灵活的工作安排），如自由职业、短期合同和项目制工作，取代了传统的长期雇佣关系。选项B“flexibilityandoftenshort-termnature”（灵活性和通常的短期性质）最能概括这一特征。2.A*解析思路：文章第二段“Proponentsofthegigeconomyoftenhighlightitsbenefitsforworkersseekingflexibility.”明确提到，支持者强调其对寻求灵活性的工人的好处。选项A“Flexibilityandfreedomfromtraditionalemploymentstructures”（灵活性和摆脱传统雇佣结构）是对此的同义转述。3.C*解析思路：文章第三段详细阐述了gigworkers面临的问题，其中重点指出了“lackoftraditionalbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleave”（缺乏健康保险、退休计划和带薪休假等传统福利），以及“incomecanbehighlyunpredictable,oftenfluctuatingwildlyfromoneweektothenext”（收入不稳定，常常从一个星期到下一个星期波动很大），这些都直接关系到财务不安全。选项C“Lackoftraditionalemployeebenefitsandincomeinstability”（缺乏传统员工福利和收入不稳定）准确概括了这一点。4.D*解析思路：文章第三段提到，“absenceofastablecareerpathandprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiescanleadtofeelingsofisolationandjobdissatisfactioninthelongrun.”这说明缺乏职业发展机会会导致职业发展方面的困难，而“feelingofisolation”则指向了社交方面的困难，因为gigworkers通常是独立工作，缺乏传统工作环境中的社交互动。5.B*解析思路：文章第四段明确讨论了政策制定者在监管gig经济时面临的挑战，集中在“Debateshavecenteredonissuessuchaswhethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasemployeesratherthanindependentcontractors,howtoensureadequatesocialsafetynets,andhowtomaintainfaircompetitionwithintheplatformsthemselves.”这些问题包括：是否应将gig工作者归类为雇员而非独立承包商（员工分类问题）、如何确保充足的社会安全网（社会保障问题）、以及如何在平台内部维持公平竞争（平台竞争问题）。选项B“Employeeclassification,socialsafetynets,andplatformcompetition”（员工分类、社会保障和平台竞争）涵盖了核心议题。6.A*解析思路：文章首段定义了认知负荷是“theamountofmentaleffortbeingusedintheworkingmemory”，并指出“ifthecognitiveloadexceedsthecapacityofworkingmemory,learningbecomesdifficult”。这表明认知负荷的核心思想是，工作记忆中使用的心理努力量会影响学习难度。选项A“Cognitiveloadaffectslearningbydeterminingthementaleffortrequiredwithinworkingmemory”（认知负荷通过决定工作记忆中所需的心理努力来影响学习）准确概括了这一点。7.C*解析思路：文章第三段区分了两种负荷。Intrinsiccognitiveload是“inherentcomplexityofthelearningmaterialitself”，即材料本身的固有复杂性。Extraneouscognitiveload是“resultsfrompresentinginformationinaconfusingorpoorlystructuredmanner”，即信息呈现方式不当造成的负荷。选项C“Whileintrinsicloadrelatestothematerial'sinherentdifficulty,extraneousloadstemsfrompoorpresentationmethods.”（内在负荷与材料的固有难度有关，而extraneousload源于不良的呈现方法。）准确描述了二者的区别。8.D*解析思路：文章第三段解释了模态原则（modalityprinciple）：“presentinginformationinmultiplemodalities—suchascombiningspokentextwithrelevantgraphics—canreducecognitiveloadbecausepeopleoftenprocessverbalandvisualinformationdifferentlyintheirminds.”其原因是人们在大脑中通常以不同的方式处理语言和视觉信息。选项D“Becausepeopleprocessverbalandvisualinformationdifferentlyinthebrain.”（因为人们在大脑中以不同的方式处理语言和视觉信息。）指出了原因。9.A*解析思路：文章第四段指出，“Thechallengeliesinbalancingtheload:makingthematerialaccessibleenoughtoavoidoverwhelminglearners,butcomplexenoughtoprovidemeaningfulcognitiveactivity.”（挑战在于平衡负荷：使材料足够易于学习者理解，避免使其不堪重负，但又足够复杂以提供有意义的心理活动。）这表明主要挑战在于如何在不过度负担学习者与提供有意义的认知活动之间找到平衡。选项A“Balancingtheneedtomakematerialaccessiblewithoutoverwhelminglearnersversusprovidingsufficientchallengeformeaningfulprocessing.”（平衡使材料易于理解而不让学习者不堪重负的需求，与提供足够挑战以进行有意义处理的需求。）概括了这一点。10.C*解析思路：文章第四段最后一句明确指出，“Thisinvolvesintegratingenvironmentaleducationintocurricula,promotingpoliciesthatprotectnaturalhabitats,andencouraginglifestylesthatminimizenegativeenvironmentalimpacts.”（这包括将环境教育纳入课程、促进保护自然栖息地的政策，并鼓励减少负面影响的生活方式。）这表明最终目标是通过教育和政策鼓励可持续的生活方式，即最小化对环境的负面影响。选项C“Minimizingnegativeenvironmentalimpactsthrougheducationandlifestylechoices.”（通过教育和生活方式选择最小化负面影响。）与之相符。11.A*解析思路：文章首段提到，在工业化之前，“communitiesweredeeplyintegratedintotheirlocalecosystems...knowledgeoflocalfloraandfauna,passeddownthroughgenerations,wasessentialforsurvival.”（社区与其当地生态系统深度融合……对当地植物和动物的认知，代代相传，对于生存至关重要。）这说明人类与自然的关系特点是深度融合与相互依存。选项A“Deepintegrationandinterdependencewithlocalecosystems.”（与当地生态系统的深度融合与相互依存。）最能体现这一点。12.B*解析思路：文章第二段列举了工业化带来的环境问题，包括“industrialprocessesreleasedpollutantsintotheairandwater,leadingtowidespreadenvironmentaldegradation.”（工业过程向空气和水释放污染物，导致普遍的环境退化。）以及农业集约化导致的土壤和水源问题。这些问题都源于工业化和技术进步对自然资源的过度开发和污染。选项B“Pollutionfromindustrialprocessesandunsustainableagriculturalpractices.”（来自工业过程和不可持续农业实践的污染。）概括了主要问题。13.D*解析思路：文章第二段提到，城市化导致人口集中，“Urbanizationledtotheconcentrationofpopulations,furtherseparatingmanypeoplefromdirectnaturalexperiences.”（城市化导致人口集中，使许多人远离直接的自然体验。）这说明城市化使得人与自然分离。选项D“Separationfromdirectnaturalexperiencesduetourbanconcentration.”（由于城市集中而与直接的自然体验分离。）准确描述了影响。14.C*解析思路：文章第三段定义了“ecosystemservices”：“Conceptslike'ecosystemservices'highlightthetangiblebenefitsthathumansderivefromnaturalsystems,encouragingamoreeconomicvaluationofenvironmentalprotection.”（“生态系统服务”等概念强调了人类从自然系统中获得的实际利益，鼓励对环境保护进行更经济的评估。）这说明生态系统服务是指人类从自然系统获得的实际利益或好处。选项C“Tangiblebenefitsthathumansreceivefromnaturalsystems.”（人类从自然系统获得的实际利益。）表达了这层意思。15.B*解析思路：文章第四段最后指出，“Movingawayfromthemindsetofdominancetowardsoneofpartnershipandmutualrespectiscrucial.”（从统治心态转向合作与相互尊重的心态至关重要。）这表明，为了实现可持续发展，需要从根本上转变人类对其在自然界中地位的认知，从认为自己统治自然，转变为视自己为自然的一部分，并与自然建立伙伴关系和相互尊重。选项B“Shiftingfromamindsetofhumandominanceovernaturetooneofpartnershipandmutualrespect.”（从统治自然的心态转变为合作与相互尊重的心态。）概括了这种根本性的转变。16.A*解析思路：文章首段末句指出，“Whileoftentakenforgranted,theabilitytoconveyideasclearlyandunderstandothersaccuratelyisacomplexskillthatrequiresconstantpracticeandrefinement.”（尽管经常被忽视，但清晰地传达想法和准确理解他人的能力是一项复杂的技能，需要不断的练习和改进。）这表明有效沟通的主要目的是实现清晰传达和理解，而这本身就是一个复杂且需要提升的技能。选项A“Conveyingideasclearlyandunderstandingothersaccurately,whichisacomplexskill.”（清晰地传达想法和理解他人，这是一项复杂的技能。）最能体现主旨。17.B*解析思路：文章第二段明确列举了心理障碍，包括“Psychologicalbarriers,likepreconceivednotions,biases,oremotionalstates(e.g.,angerordistraction)”（心理障碍，如先入为主的观念、偏见或情绪状态（例如愤怒或分心））。选项B“Preconceivednotions,biases,andemotionalstateslikeangerordistraction.”（先入为主的观念、偏见和愤怒或分心等情绪状态。）直接来源于原文。18.C*解析思路：文章第三段强调，“Activelisteningisafundamentalskill;itinvolvespayingfullattentiontothespeaker,askingclarifyingquestions,andreflectingonthemessagetoensureunderstanding.”（积极倾听是一项基本技能；它涉及全神贯注地听演讲者、提出澄清问题，并反思信息以确保理解。）其中，“payingfullattentiontothespeaker”（全神贯注地听演讲者）是理解演讲者信息的关键技巧。选项C“Payingfullattentiontothespeaker.”（全神贯注地听演讲者。）是正确答案。19.D*解析思路：文章第三段解释了清晰语言的重要性：“Clearandconciselanguageisalsocrucial.Avoidingjargon,usingsimplesentences,andbeingmindfuloftheaudience'sbackgroundcansignificantlyimprovemessagereception.”（清晰简洁的语言也非常关键。避免使用行话，使用简单的句子，并注意受众的背景，可以显著提高信息的接收效果。）这说明清晰语言之所以重要，是因为它可以“improvemessagereception”（提高信息接收效果），即让信息更容易被理解。选项D“Becauseitallowsthemessagetobeunderstoodmoreeasilybythereceiver.”（因为它能让接收者更容易理解信息。）概括了原因。20.A*解析思路：文章第四段指出，“Feedbackisacriticalcomponentofthecommunicationpr