2026届新高考英语冲刺复习英语句子成分

2026届新高考英语冲刺复习英语句子成分1主语句子的主体，表明一个句子说的是谁或是什么事2谓语说明主语的动作或状态4宾语用在及物动词或介词后，表示动作的行为对象或介词某种联系的对象状态、身份、类属、所在地点等5补语用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况3表语用在系动词后面，表示主语的特征、

英语的句子成分6定语用来限定或修饰名词一类的词7状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词及从句

10

十大词类等和句子成分间的关系(见下表)8同位语用在名词或代词后，对其作补充说明9与全句没有什么语法关系，用来独立成份表示说话人的语气、感情等7.

Themissinghaven’tbeenfoundyet.Theunemployedusuallyleadahardlife.“A”isanarticle.1主语

I.主语可以用以下这些东西来表示：1.

Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.2.

ThisisMaryspeaking.3.

Two-thirdsofthedoctorstherearewomen.4.

Thereisnotelling

whentheycangetready.5.

Tofinishthenovelwilltakeupmuchofmysparetime.6.

a.Thattheyfailedintheirattemptisentirelyunderstandable.b.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.c.Whathashappenedprovesthatourpolicyisright.(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(从句)(名词化的其他词类)6.由从句担任主语

a.由陈述句变化来的主语从句b.由一般、反意或选择问句变化来的主语从句c.由特殊问句变化来的主语从句3.a.

It’sratherhottoday.

b.

It’sonlytenminutes’drivetotheairport.

c.

ItistheMid-AutumnFestival.

II.

以it作主语或形式主语的句子1.a.

“What’sthis?”“It’saharvester.”

b.

“I’mtranslatingsomeofShelley’spoems.”“Oh,it’snotaneasyjob”2.a.

“Whoismakingsuchanoise?”“Itmustbethechildren.”

b.

It’sthewindshakingthewindow.4.

ItwasintheschoollibrarythatImethim.Whenwasitthatyouhadtheget-togetherwiththem?1.代替刚提到过的一个事物：

a.指一个具体的东西

b.指前面所谈的情况2.

a.指做某个动作的人

b.指引起某种情况的事物3.

a.指自然现象

b.指距离、环境等

c.指时间、季节等4.

it

用来引起强调句：it没有词意，只帮助改变句子的结构，使某一成分得到强调。5.

a.

Itisfoolish(of…)tobestillworryingaboutit.

It’snoteasy(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.

b.

Isitworthwhilemakingsuchanexperiment?6.a.Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.

b.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheagreeswithme.

c.Ithasn’tbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.7.a.Itisapity(ashame,afact,anhonor,awonder,agoodthing,goodnews,nowonder)that…

b.Itisstrange(natural,surprising,obvious,true,unusual,fortunate,wonderful,funny,impossible,unlikely)that…c.Itseems(happened,struckme,occurredtome)that…d.Itwassaid(reported,decided,

expected,…)that…

e.Itisdoubtful(notknown,notmadeclear,tobefoundout,tobedecided,beingconsidering,)+Itdoesn’tmatter(maketoomuchdifference)+whether/who,when,how…连接代/副词引起的从句5.做形式主语

a.代替由不定式担任的主语

b.代替由动名词担任的主语6.做形式主语代替由从句担任的主语

a.由陈述句变化来的主语从句b.由一般、反意或选择问句变化来的主语从句c.由特殊问句变化来的主语从句7.能用这种从句做主语，用it做形式主语的结构，有下面几类：有人称,时态,语态和语气的变化；可分为两类：

1.Hemajors

inEnglish.

3.Itwasproposedthattheculturalrelationsbetweenthetwocountries(should)

beexpanded.1.

Imaybewrong.We’dbetterhaveadoctorin.Wemustgivehimachancetoturnoveranewleaf.

2.

Wehaveto

dosomethingforthem.

Thetrainisdueto

arriveat7:30.Theydon’tseemto

likeidea.

2谓语

2.Theirstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.I.简单谓语II.复合谓语(A)I.

凡是由一个动词（包括短语动词）构成的，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语：II.复合谓语由两部分构成，有以下两类：

(A)

带不定式的复合谓语（由情态动词或其他动词加不定式构成）

1.不带to的不定式

2.带to的不定式

3.带复合宾语的句子变成的被动结构

(B)

带表语的复合谓语（由系动词或其他个别动词加表语构成3.

Hewasoftenheardtosingthispatrioticsong.=Weoftenheardhimsingthispatrioticsong.

Theyshouldbekeptinformedofwhatwearedoing.=Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatwearedoing.1.

Itisapowerfulengine.

2.

Hisdreamshaveatlastcometrue.3.

Theweathercontinuedfineforseveraldays.Hewasregardedasagenius.Thesurface

wasfinallypolishedsmooth.。

Theyaresaidtobesearchingforthemissinggirl.(B)I.表语可以用以下这些东西来表示：1.

Hestillremainedaheroinpeople’sminds.2.

That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.3.

Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.

Hishairhasgonewhite.5.

Heremainedstandingthereforacoupleofhours.

Atlastthetruthbecameknown.6.

Herjobissellingcomputers.7.

Hiswishwastobecomeanartist.8.

IsTomin?Themeetingwasn’tovertillmidnight.9.

Thebridgeisunderconstruction.

10.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.Isthegas/recorderonoroff?

Thatiswhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.3

表语Theproblemiswhetherwe’llhaveenoughtime.(名词)(代词)(数词)(形容词)(分词)(动名词)(不定式)(副词)(介词短语)(从句)1.

Hisfatherisaprofessorofphysics.2.

HeistheheadofMary’sfamily.TheybecameAmericancitizensin2001.Mr.LiisdirectorofthedepartmentofEnglish.3.

Theexperimentisveryimportant.=

Theexperimentisofgreatimportance.4.

Thechildrenwereexhaustedandsoontheyfell

asleep.

Themachine’soutoforder.5.

I’mallfor/againsttheplan.Thewarwasn’tovertill1945.Theyaren’taround.

Theproblemistofindasolution.ThisiswhereIwork..II.表语主要用来表示：Theapartmentistolet.类属身份特征状态其他一、表示主语具有某种状态、特征、类属、身份等1.is,am,are,was,were2.seem,appear3.look,sound,smell,taste,feela.He

looks

(tobe)quiteold.b.Heseems(tobe)quiteold.c.Heappears(tobe)quiteold.Itlooksthatthebookistoodifficultforus.seems

Helookstoknowit.Itseemslikerain.seemslooksHelookslikehisfatherincharacter.

is你姐姐长得什么样子？Whatdoesyoursisterlooklike?你姐姐是怎么一个人？Whatisyoursisterlike?III.系动词二、表示主语从某种状态等到另一种状态…的变化turn,become,get,go,fall,come,prove,1.

gobad,gomad,gohungry,gosour,goblind/deaf,gobankrupt/broken,gogray,gooutofdateeg.

a.Perhapsthemachinehasgonewrongb.Theoldmanwentcrazy.c.Thecheesesoongoesmoldyinhotweather.(go不与old,ill连用)3.

Theyoungmanhasbecome

apoet/turnpoet.Inautumntheleaveswillturnyellow.Whenshewaslaughedat,herfaceturnedred.2.fallill/sick,fallsilenteg.Hefellasleepsoon.三、表示主语继续或保持某种状态keep,remain,stay,stand,continue,lieItisbadmannerstokeep

silentwhenteachersaskyouquestions.2.Intimeofdanger,healwaysremains

calm.

3.We'llstay

awaketoseewhatwillhappen.Thetemperaturestays

hotthesedays.5.Theweatherwillcontinue

fineforafewdays.6.Boblaysick.

4.Thestudentstoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.2.I'mgoingtotown.Hehasgoneabroadforfurthereducation.3.Becarefulnottofalldown.Theleavesfelltotheground.4.Heturnedtomeforhelp.

TurntoP.40,please.Whenshewaslaughedat,herfaceturnedred.Inautumntheleaveswillturnyellow.

IV.兼作行为动词的系动词（be

以外的系动词）系动词在英语中分两大类。一类是be动词,另一类系动词本身既是行为动词同时又是系动词。作行为动词时，若是vt.后边要有宾语，是vi.后边往往跟状语。

1.Wegotthereat6:00A.M.Canyougetacoupleofticketsfortheconcert?Wehavegotreadyforthedictation.Thedayisgettinglongerandlonger．

4宾语宾语可以用以下这些东西来表示:1.Showyourpassports,please.2.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.3.Howmanydoyouneed?----Weneedtwo.4.

Thenursescarriedtheseriouslywounded.5.

Theboydeniedcheatingintheexamination.6.

Remembertobuyafewstamps,won’tyou?7.

Wehadthephotostakenyesterday.Theymadethegirl

vice-directorofthefactory.8.

Isuggestthathetakeanumbrella.Idon’tknowwhetherthesefiguresareaccurate.Iwonderhowoldhewas.

I.

动词的宾语(名词)(代词)(数词)(形容词)(动名词)(不定式)(复合宾语)(从句)II.介词的宾语1.Shewentacrossthestreettopickupadictionary.2.Nobodyhasgotanythingagainsthim.3.HeleftShanghaiwithouttellingus.4.Hegavealessononhowtoimprove

English.5.Ataxicamealongfrombehindme.6.Mandiffersfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.7.Hispronunciationisfarfromperfect.Iheardsomeonecallingmefrombelow.8.Theytookapictureofusboatingonthelake.(名词)(代词)(动名词)(不定式)(介词短语)(从句)(形容词)(副词)(动名词复合结构)III.直接宾语和间接宾语

间接宾语只用在某些动词后,

表示动作对谁或为谁做。间接宾语有时可以改成一个由for或to

引起的短语，放到直接宾语后面去。1)下列动词的间接宾语要改成由

for

引起的短语：eg.Ihavefoundhimaseat.=Ifoundaseatforhim.buy,cook,do,fetch,find,get,(leave把…留给某人),lose,make,order,(play),(read),save,sing,spare2)下列动词的间接宾语要改成由

to

引起的短语：

eg.Hegavemehisaddress.=Hegavehisaddresstome.

allow,assign,bring,deny,do,give,hand,(leave死后留下…给某人),lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,(read),refuse,return,send,show,take,teach,tell,throw,wish,write,(play)(sing)He’llreportittotheteacher.

1)

SV+间接宾语+直接宾语我祝你成功。Iwishyousuccess.这工作花了我两天时间。Thejobtookmetwodays.我给他省去许多麻烦。Isavehimmuchtrouble.

2)

SV+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语他给我们解释课文。

Heexplainthetexttous.我把他介绍给我的朋友们。Iintroducedhimtomyfriends.他将把这件事报告给老师。2.

下列动词的直接宾语和间接宾语位置固定不能互换。IV.复合宾语主要有以下几种类型:1.下列动词及短语动词要用带to

的不定式作宾语补足语eg.Theteacherencouragedthestudenttoenter

thecompetition.advise,allow,appoint,ask,assign,bear,beg,believe,cause,command,consider,direct,drive(强迫),enable,encourage,equip,expect,get,give,forbid,force,hate,(help),instruct,intend,invite,know,lead,leave,like,mean(打算让…做…),oblige,order,permit,persuade,prefer,press(催促)，request,require,remind,send,teach,tell,tempt,urge,use,warn,want,wisharrangefor,askfor,callon,dependon,longfor,preparefor,waitfor,wishfor…2.下列动词及短语动词要用省to

的不定式作宾语补足语

eg.Hefeltthebuildingshakelastnight.feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat,have,let,make,(help)3.下列动词及短语动词可用现在/过去分词作宾语补足语a.

make…doneb.

smell…doing(…)lookat,listento,observe,notice,send(逼使某人做…)

c.

have…done/have…doing(…)feel,findget,have,hear,keep,leave,see,want,watch4.下列动词及短语动词可用a.名词、b.形容词、

c.副词或介词短语作宾语补足语appoint,call,choose,consider,elect,feel,find,keep,know,leave,make,name,thinkb.believe,consider,drive…mad,feel,find,force,imagine,get…ready,keep,leave,make,paint,prove,set…free,suppose,think,turn,want,wish,c.find,follow,hang,leave,regard…as,think…V.

用it

作形式宾语或宾语的句子1.AtfirstIfound

itdifficult(for…)tounderstandhim.2.Doyouconsider

itanygoodsendingpeopleover?3.Imade

it

quitecleartohimthatIwouldnotgo.4.He

took

it

forgranted

thatwewouldliketheidea.I’llseeto

itthatwearebackbeforefouro’clock.5.“Ishouldliketohaveatry.”“Youwillfind

itquiteinteresting.VI.

同源宾语Shedreamt

asweetdream.Theold/aged/elderlyareliving

ahappylifetoday.5

补语：在复合宾语中充当宾补,在被动句中充当主补1.I’llgetsomeoneelsetodoit.Shealwayshasherroomlookneatandtidy.2.

EverywherewesawpeoplecelebratingtheSpringFestival.Peoplewereseen

celebratingtheSpringFestival…Pleasehaveyourbloodtestedinthenextroom.3.

Wemustkeepitasecret.Itmustbekept

asecret.4.

Theyconsideredher(tobe)beautiful.Shewasconsidered(tobe)beautiful.5.

Pleasemakeyourselvesathome.6.Didyoufindthemin?(带to不定式)(省to不定式)(现在分词)(过去分词)(名词)(形容词)(介词短语)(副词)6

定语

I.可以用以下这些东西来表示：1.

Hemustbethebestviolinistalive.2.Therearetwowomenteachersandmanygirl

studentsinthehall.What’syourgovernment’spolicytowardsthesecountries.3.

Yourhairneedscutting.

Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.4.Thesixcountriesbelongtothethirdworld.Doitnow,youmaynotgetasecondchance!5.TheapartmentaboveistheGreens’(形容词)(名词)(名词所有格)(代词)(数词)(副词)6.

Thoseunder18mustnotseethefilm.7.

Shehasawishtotravelroundtheworld.It’stime(forus)togo.8.Thewalkingstickismadeofwood.9.

Thenumberofforeignguestscomingtothepartyislarge.Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered

bythelibrary?10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideishers.Hercar,whichInoticedoutside,hasbeenhitbyanotherone.(介词短语)(不定式)(不定式复合结构)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(从句)

intheroom/there/awake toleaveforBeijing fullofcouragestandingatthegatewhoisstandingatthegatecalledMary whoiscalledMary withabookinherhand.II.2.

定语用来修饰句中的名词代词thetallyounggirl1.Thegirl

studieshard.2.Theirclassteacheristhegirl

.3.Iknowthegirl.4.I'lltellthegirl

thetruth.5.I'llaskthegirl

tohelpme.6.Thereisagirl

overthere.

II.1.定语由一个单词充当时,放在它所修饰的词

前面（前置）（但副词或少数特殊的形容词作定语时须前置）定语由词组或从句担任时,要放在它所修饰的词后面（后置）7

状语可以用以下这些东西来表示:1.Theclimateislovelyhere,especiallyinspring.2.Onbecomingamember,youwillreceiveamembershipcard.3.Wedideverything(that)wecouldtosavehislife.4.Seeingthis,someofusbecameveryworried.