2026年中考英语复习动词的形式与分类

2026年中考英语复习动词的形式与分类知识精讲

动词的形式和分类

一、动词的分类

动词的分类实义动词（v.）及物动词（vt.）跟宾语like,write。如：Helikesmusic.他喜欢音乐。

不及物动词（vi.）不跟宾语rain,come。如：Itrainedheavilyyesterday.昨天雨下得很大。

系动词（linkv.）跟名词或形容词作表语be,look,sound,taste,feel,smell,become,turn,seem,keep,stay。如：①Iamastudent.我是一个学生。②Hefeltexcited.他感到很兴奋。

助动词（aux.v.）跟动词原形或分词（本身无意义）be（+doing）帮助构成进行时态

be（+done）帮助构成被动语态

have/had（+done）帮助构成完成时态

do,does帮助构成一般现在时态的疑问句或否定句

did帮助构成一般过去时态的疑问句或否定句

will,shall,would,should帮助构成将来时态

情态动词（modalv.）跟动词原形（有意义）can,may,must,need,could,might,should

【即学即练】

一、根据汉语提示拼写单词

1.Themanagerwillbesobusynextmonththathehasto__________(取消)afewunimportantmeetings.

2.Hearingthefunnystory,allthestudentsbeganto__________(发笑)loudly.

3.“Ifyouworkhard,yourexamscorewill__________(加倍),"theteachersaidtoJim.

4.Ifyou__________(使混合)redandyellow,whatcolourwillyouget

5.TheRussiansoup__________(闻起来)verynice,Ican’twaittodrinkit.

二、实义动词的形式

（一）第三人称单数形式的构成

一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则与名词单数变复数的方法大体相同。具体见下表：

规则变化举例

一般动词在词尾加-s；say-sayscatch-catchesfix-fixescarry-carriesgo-goes

kiss-kissespush-pushes

以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加-es；

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加-es；

以“元音字母+y"结尾的动词，直接加-s；

不规则变化have-has

（二）现在分词的构成

规则变化举例

一般在动词后加-ingsit-sittingwork-workingtie-tyingwrite-writingstudy-studying

以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加-ing

以y结尾的动词，直接加-ing

以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing

以ie结尾的动词，一般将ie改为y，再加-ing

（三）过去式和过去分词的构成

规则变化举例

一般在动词词尾加-ed；prefer-preferredworry-worriedlove-lovedsucceed-succeededstay-stayed

以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d；

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed；

以“元音字母+y"结尾的动词，直接加-ed；

以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed；

注意：mix,fix,develop,listen,play,happen不双写

【即学即练】

用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Doyouknowtheboy

(wear)glassesoverthere

2.Mysisterlikesreadingthenovels

(write)byMoYan.

3.Ifoundawallet

(lie)onthegroundonmywaytoschoolyesterday.

4.Thelemonjuice

(taste)sweetandsourifmixedwithsomehoney.Itisdelicious.

5.Thecup

(drop)andbroke.

6.Myparents

(praise)mewhenIdidwellatschool.

7.WecanseeclearlythatMongolia

(lie)betweenChinaandRussiaonthemap.

8.Theboy

(win)highpraiseforhiseffortstohelphisclassmateslastterm.

9.He'saquietartistanddoesn'tliketotalkmuch,buthiswork

(shout).

10.Whethershewinsorwhethershe

(lose),thisisherlastgame.

三、情态动词的用法

概念情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，用来表达建议、请求、可能或意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。常见的情态动词有：can,could,may,might,must,need,shall,will,should,would及半情态动词hadbetter,haveto。

用法can,could的用法1.表示能力，表示“能；会；能够”。2.表示可能性，常用于否定句或疑问句中。3.表示允许，口语中常用may代替。4.could虽然是can的过去式，但在口语中could常代替can表示委婉地提出请求，并不表示过去的时态，主要用于疑问句中。练一练：①TodayisSunday,sohe________beatschool.②He________rideabikewhenhewasfour.③________youbehereateighto’clocktomorrowmorning

④You________usemycar.你可以用我的汽车。

may,might的用法1.表示许可，意为“可以"。2.MayI...表示请求许可，否定回答用mustn’t，表示“不可以；禁止”。3.表示推测，意为“可能；或许"。4.用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如：5.may的过去式might表示的语气更加委婉、客气。练一练：①—Ican’tfindmyruler.

我找不到我的尺子。—It________beinyourpencilbox.

它可能在你的铅笔盒里。②________yousucceed!③—________Iborrowyourbike—Yes,you________./No,you________.

must的用法1.must作“必须；应该”讲，表示必要性；mustn’t则表示“不应该；不许"。2.must作“一定”讲，表示肯定的猜测（否定猜测用can’t，意为“不可能"）。注：回答Must...引出的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’thaveto。练一练：①These________beLucy’sclothes.Onlyshehascolorfulclothes.②You________playontheroad.③—________Ifinishyourhomeworktoday—Yes,you________./No,you________.

need的用法need作情态动词，意为“需要”，主要用于一般疑问句和否定句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。如：—NeedIfinishtheworktoday我需要今天完成这项工作吗？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。拓展：need用作及物动词，其后的宾语可以是名词、动词不定式、动名词、代词。用法与其他行为动词一样，有人称和数的变化。练一练：—Doesheneed________(wash)hishands—Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

should的用法should用作情态动词，表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，表示必要性。不可看作shall的过去式。练一练：We________bestrictinallourwork.

【即学即练】

用适当的情态动词填空。

1.—MustIfinishallthehomeworkthisevening

—No,you

.TomorrowisSaturday,andyouhaveenoughtimeforit.

2.People

driveafterdrinkingalcohol（酒）.It’sagainstthelaw.

3.—Doyouhaveanyplansforthissummervacation

—I’mnotsure.I

takeatriptoTaiwan.

4.Jilllookssopainful.There

besomethingwrongwithher.

5.—Lookatthatgirl!IsitJudy

—No,it

beher.SheisstillinLondon.

四、动词短语

概念动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成固定词组后，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种动词词组叫短语动词。

分类动词+介词(后需加宾语)1.allowfor顾及

2.carefor照顾

3.catchat尽力抓住4.comeacross偶然遇到

5.dealwith处理

6.believein相信7.dependon/upon依靠

8.getthrough度过

9.lookfor寻找10.laughat嘲笑

11.sendfor派人去请

12.wantfor缺乏

动词+副词及物动词+副词（后需加宾语，宾语为代词时放中间）1.carryout执行

2.findout查明

3.giveup放弃4.handin上交

5.lookup查找

6.pickup捡起7.puton穿上

8.putoff推迟

9.ringup给……打电话10.setup建立

11.takeoff脱下

12.turnoff关掉13.turnon打开

14.thinkover考虑

不及物短语动词（后不加宾语）1.getup起床

2.givein屈服

3.goon继续4.growup成长

5.lookout小心

6.showoff炫耀7.setoff/out出发

8.standup起立

9.takeoff起飞10.wakeup醒来

动词+副词+介词（后需加宾语）1.geton/alongwith...与……相处2.catchupwith赶上；跟上3.comeupto走近___4.goonwith继续5.lookdownupon/on看不起

6.lookforwardto盼望

动词+名词+介词（后需加宾语）1.takepartin参加___2.makefunof取笑3.makeuseof利用

4.makefriendswith...和……交朋友5.shakehandswith...和……握手6.takecareof照料

常用动词短语归纳looklookfor寻找

_________

2.lookafter照顾___3.lookover查看

4.lookforwardto盼望；向往5.lookat看着___6.lookup抬头看；查（字典）

7.lookinto调查___8.lookout当心___9.lookoutof...从……往外看10.looklike看起来像11.lookthesame看起来一样12.lookthrough透过……看；浏览

put1.putoff推迟

2.puton穿上；上演；增加3.putaway把……收起来4.putout扑灭

5.putdown写下___6.putback放回7.putup举起；建造；张贴

turn1.turnon打开

2.turnoff关掉

3.turnup调高（音量）4.turndown调低（音量）5.turnto朝向

6.turninto变成7.turnover翻开；翻转___8.turn...into...把……变成……

get1.geton/along（well）withsb.与某人相处（融洽）

2.getup起床3.geton上车（船、飞机、马）4.getoff下车（船、飞机、马）5.getback回去6.getbackto回到7.getaway离开；逃脱

8.getdown下来9.gethome到家

10.getinto进入；陷入

11.getout（of...）（从……）出去12.getto到达

13.gettogether聚会；团聚

take1.takeoff（飞机）起飞；脱掉（衣服）

2.takeaway拿走3.takeout取出

4.takepridein...对……感到自豪

go1.goover温习；复习

2.gointo走进___3.goout出去；熄灭4.goaway走开

5.goback回去；回顾6.goby（时间）流逝；从旁经过7.godown下降；下沉

8.goon继续___9.gothrough经历10.gotoschool去上学

11.gohome回家

12.gotothedoctor去看医生

make1.makeadecision做决定___2.makesb.dosth.让某人做某事3.makeamistake犯错误___4.makeprogress取得进步5.makefriendswith...与……交朋友

6.makeup编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成7.makeaface做鬼脸

come1.comealong一道来2.comein进来

3.comeinto进入4.comeout出来；出版5.comedown下来

6.comefrom来自

7.comeback回来8.comeacross偶然遇到9.comeover过来ehome回家11.comeintouse开始使用12.comeon快点；得啦；跟着来；加油

give1.giveup放弃

2.giveoff放出；发出（气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等）3.giveout精疲力竭；累倒；耗尽；用完；分发

4.giveaway泄露；赠送5.givein屈服；让步；投降

be1.befriendly/kindto...对……友好2.bedifferentfrom...与……不同3.beafraidof害怕___4.bepopularwith...受……欢迎5.beinterestedin...对……感兴趣6.bestrictwithsb.对某人严格7.bestrictinsth.对某事严格___8.befamous/knownas...作为……有名9.befamous/knownfor...因……著名10.besurprisedat...对……感到惊讶11.bepleasedwith...对……满意___12.beproudof...对……感到自豪13.bepolite/impoliteto...对……有礼貌/不礼貌14.bethankful/gratefulto...对……感激15.begoodfor...对……有好处___16.begoodat擅长17.bemadeupof...由……构成___18.beangrywith...对……生气19.bebusywith忙于___20.befullof/filledwith装满；充满21.belatefor...……迟到___22.becoveredwith...用……覆盖

【即学即练】

根据汉语提示完成句子

1.ThefilmIsawyesterday

me

(使我想起)thedayswhenIwaswithmygrandparentsinthecountryside.

2.Hereisthebook.First

(浏览)thebook,andthentellmewhatyouthinkofit.

3.It’simpolitetocutinlinewhileyouare

（等待）abusatthebusstop.

4.TherewasafireinthehotelatmidnightlastFriday.Luckily,itwassoon

（扑灭）.

5.Whenyouvisitamuseum,youshould

（注意）theinstructionsandnotbeagainstthem.

6.-WhichbicycleshouldIchoose,sir

-It

(取决于)whatyouwanttouseitfor.

7.Wearesupposedto

(把…收起来)smartphonesandtakemoreexerciseinstead.

8.-Michael,couldyoupleasehelpme

(算出)thismathproblem

-OK.Letmehaveatry.

课堂巩固

一、用适当的情态动词填空

1.Nomatterwhathappens,we__________keepcalm(镇静).

2.-WhosetennisballsaretheseAretheyLinda's

-No,they__________behers.Shedoesn'tlikeplayingtennis.

3.Alice__________beveryinterestedinphysics.Shespendsallhersparetimeonit.

4.-MustIgohomenow

-No，you__________.

5-__________youtellmethedifferencesbetweenthesetwophotos

-No.Theylookquitesimilar,nearlythesame.

二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空

1.ItwaspouringwithrainsoI__________(accept)hisoffer(提议)ofalift.

2.Foroursafety,wemust__________(follow)thetrafficrulesonthewaytowork.

3.Couldyoupleaseteachmehow__________(give)out“redenvelope(红包)”onWeChat

4.Thecake__________(taste)delicious.I'dliketohaveanotherone.

5.Alanplans__________(study)artintheUK.Hisfriendswillseehimoffattheairportnextweek.

6.Thetwinbrothersarebusy__________(make)artworksfromoceanwaste.

7.-Remember__________(come)tomydaughter'sdanceshownextFriday.

-OfcourseIwill.I'llneverforget__________(see)herdanceforthefirsttimelastyear.

8.Hespenttwohours__________(help)hismotherwithhouseworklastSunday.

9.Mygrandfatheroften__________(repeat)thathewantstogobackandliveinthecountryside.

10.-Howmuchdoestheelephant__________(weigh)

-Perhapsthe__________(weigh)ofitis2tons.

11.Youcangoandaskmymother.Sheisready__________(help)youwithyourEnglish.

12.Ioftengo__________(swim)inmyfreetime.

13.–Whatmakesyou__________(suppose)we'regoingtosellthehouse

–Ihearthatyou'vegotajobabroad.

14.Olderpeopleusedto__________(see)thefilmsonthesquare.

15.Justaminute!Mybrother__________(wash)hiscarinthegarden.

三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空

feed

afford

save

enter

miss

1.Youneedtotakeoffyourshoesbeforeyou

thenewhouse.

2.—Ilikereading.

—Great!Itcan

yourmind.

3.Theboysarrivedlateatthecinema,and

thestartofthefilm.

4.Iusedtospendallmypocketmoneyonclothesandsnacks.Butnow,I’mtryingto

somemoneyforcharity.

5.Iwanttohaveacomputer,butIcan’t

tobuyone.

四、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

ProfessorStephenHawkingdiedatthe1.

（年纪）of76.

Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanwhoseworkwillliveonformanyyears.Hiscourageandhumorinspiredpeople2.

（遍及）theworld.

Hawkingalsodiscoveredthatblackholesarenot3.

（完全）blackbutemitradiation（释放辐射）andwillprobably4.

（消失）atlast.

Unluckily,theALSdiseaseleftHawkingwheelchair-boundandparalyzed.Hewasabletomoveonlyafew5.

（手指）ononehandandwasalwaysdependenton6.

（别人）orontechnology—bathing,dressing,eatingandevenspeaking.

Mostpeoplevaluebothhisscientificachievementsandhisspiritualpower.Hesaid,“Ihavebeen7.

（幸运的）thatmyconditionhasprogressedmoreslowlythanitisoftenthecase.Butitshowsthatone8.

（不必）losehope."

Heusedtosaytohischildren,“9.___________（永不）giveupwork.Workgivesyoumeaningandpurposeandlifeisemptyifyoudon’thaveit.What’smore,ifyoufindlovearoundyou,rememberitisthereandyoushouldn’t10.___________（扔）itaway.”

Wewillmisshimforever.

五、语法填空

TounderstandwhytheEarthiswarmingup.1.

（one）ofall,weneedtounderstandwhyitiswarm.Ourplanet2.

（cover）withatmosphere（大气）.Sunlightpasses3.___________theatmosphereandreachestheEarth.TheSunheatsupthe4.

（Earth）surface.Whentheheatrisesintotheair,itisstoppedbysomespecialgasesintheatmospherelikeCO2,the5.

（heat）returnstotheEarthandkeeps6.

warm.

Powerstationsandcarsrelease（释放）so7.

greenhousegaseseveryday.Sowecanhelpstopglobal（全球的）warmingbyusinglesselectricthingssuchas8.

（turn）offlightswhenweleavearoom,oraskingourparentstoturndowntheheatinginourhouse9.

（save）energy.Wecanalsostopglobalwarmingbyfindingotherwaysoftransportation.