北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 含解析

丰台区2024~2025学年度第二学期期末练习高一英语2025.07考生须知1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。一、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThemountainaircarriedahintofcoolnessasUrsulaBannistersteppedontothefamiliartrailleadingtoHighRockLookout.Itwasa____1____shehadkeptfor23yearstohonorhermother’smemory.Thepath,____2____memoriesofpastvisits,seemedtohavewelcomedher.Butthisyear,fate(命运)hadotherplans.Thepathturneduneven(崎岖的).Herfootcaughtonahiddenroot,andasharpcrack(裂缝)splittheair.____3____shotthroughherleg.She____4____,butthesilenceswallowedhercries.Fearbegantospreadthroughherheartasminutestickedby.Ursulafeltthatachillwormeditswayintoherbones,notjustfromthemountainairbutfromthegrowingsenseofloneliness.Justashopelessnessstartedtotakehold,arustleinthetreesannouncedthearrivalofTroyMayandLaytonAllen.Theirsudden____5____broughtaflickerofhope.Withouthesitation,theysteppedforward.Troycarefullyliftedherontohisback.Laytonwalkedalongside,offeringsupportandconversationtotakehermindoffthe____6____.Astheyjourneyeddownthemountain,Ursula’sfear____7____eased.Troy’ssteadystepsandLayton’scalmingwordscreatedasenseofsafety.LaytonsharedstoriesandlistenedtoUrsula’stalksabouthermother,linkingthe____8____tothedeeperreasonbehindherpresencethere.Atthebottom,theygentlyplacedherintoacarthattookhertothehospital.Lookingatherrescuers,Ursulafeltdeeplygrateful.Inherdarkestmomentoffearandloneliness,strangershadshownamazing____9____andstrengthUrsularealizedthatevenindarkness,thelightofhumanitycouldshinethrough,creatingmeaningfulbondsbetweenstrangers.Themountain,holdingmemoriesofhermother,becamethestageforanewlesson—thepowerofselfless____10____.1.A.dream B.tradition C.hobby D.training2.A.examining B.respecting C.missing D.holding3.A.Pain B.Fear C.Surprise D.Calm4.A.ranaway B.calledout C.gaveup D.setoff5.A.success B.appearance C.change D.challenge6.A.determination B.effort C.suffering D.mistake7.A.hardly B.gradually C.carefully D.usually8.A.tiredness B.interest C.memory D.accident9A.kindness B.adventure C.honesty D.discovery10.A.teamwork B.passion C.connection D.service【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.B6.C7.B8.C9.A10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了UrsulaBannister在23年来一直坚持登山缅怀母亲，今年意外受伤，得到了Troy和Layton的救助，让她体会到人性之光与无私帮助的力量。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她为纪念母亲而坚持了23年的传统。A.dream梦想；B.tradition传统；C.hobby爱好；D.training训练。根据下文“shehadkeptfor23yearstohonorhermother’smemory.”可知，持续23年纪念母亲的一个行为，这应该是一种传统。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条小路承载着过去拜访的记忆，似乎在欢迎她。A.examining检查；B.respecting尊重；C.missing想念；D.holding承载，持有。根据上文“

steppedontothefamiliartrailleadingtoHighRockLookout”、“shehadkeptfor23yearstohonorhermother’smemory”以及下文“memoriesofpastvisits,seemedtohavewelcomedher.”可知，此处表示小路承载着过去的记忆。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：剧痛瞬间贯穿整条腿。A.Pain疼痛；B.Fear恐惧；C.Surprise惊讶；D.Calm平静。根据上文“Herfootcaughtonahiddenroot,andasharpcrack(裂缝)splittheair.”以及下文“Troycarefullyliftedherontohisback.”可知，她的脚被隐藏的树根绊到，腿骨折，所以应该是腿部剧痛。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她大声呼喊，但寂静吞噬了她的哭声。A.ranaway逃跑；B.calledout大声呼喊；C.gaveup放弃；D.setoff出发。根据上文“Herfootcaughtonahiddenroot,andasharpcrack(裂缝)splittheair.”以及下文“butthesilenceswallowedhercries”可知，她的腿受伤了，所以此处应表示她大声呼喊求救。故选B。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的突然出现带来了一丝希望。A.success成功；B.appearance出现；C.change改变；D.challenge挑战。根据上文“arustleinthetreesannouncedthearrivalofTroyMayandLaytonAllen.”可知，树丛的沙沙声宣告了他们的到来，他们的突然出现让UrsulaBannister有了希望。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Layton走在旁边，给予支持并和她交谈，让她忘记痛苦。A.determination决心；B.effort努力；C.suffering痛苦；D.mistake错误。根据上文“Herfootcaughtonahiddenroot,andasharpcrack(裂缝)splittheair.___3___shotthroughherleg.”可知，她的腿受伤有疼痛，所以此处应表示通过聊天转移她对痛苦的注意力。故选C。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他们下山时，Ursula的恐惧逐渐减轻。A.hardly几乎不；B.gradually逐渐地；C.carefully仔细地；D.usually通常。根据下文“Troy’ssteadystepsandLayton’scalmingwordscreatedasenseofsafety.”可知，Troy稳健的步伐和Layton安抚的话语让她有安全感，所以恐惧应该是逐渐减轻。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Layton分享故事并听Ursula讲述她母亲的事，将这次经历与她出现在那里的更深层次原因联系起来。A.tiredness疲劳；B.interest兴趣；C.memory记忆；D.accident事故。根据上文“shehadkeptfor23yearstohonorhermother’smemory”、“Herfootcaughtonahiddenroot,andasharpcrack(裂缝)splittheair.___3___shotthroughherleg.”以及下文Themountain,holdingmemoriesofhermother,”可知，Ursula为纪念母亲来这里，所以此处表示的是将这次经历和母亲的联系起来，即和记忆联系起来。故选C。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她最恐惧和孤独的时刻，陌生人表现出了惊人的善良和力量。A.kindness善良；B.adventure冒险；C.honesty诚实；D.discovery发现。根据上文“strangershadshownamazing”以及他们救助Ursula的行为可知，陌生人表现出了善良。故选A。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这座承载着她母亲记忆的山，成为了一堂新课的舞台——无私奉献的力量。A.teamwork团队合作；B.passion激情；C.connection联系；D.service服务，奉献。根据上文“Inherdarkestmomentoffearandloneliness,strangershadshownamazing___9___andstrengthUrsularealizedthatevenindarkness,thelightofhumanitycouldshinethrough,creatingmeaningfulbondsbetweenstrangers.”可知，陌生人救助Ursula，所以此处表示的是无私奉献的力量。故选D。二、阅读理解(共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArt&Science:FunExperimentstoTrySciencehelpsartiststrynewideas.Wanttocreatebetterart?Understandthesciencebehindit!Now,let’stryfourexperimentsconnectingscienceandart.WetWallPaintingDoyouknowWetWallPainting-paintingonwetplaster(灰泥)?Trythis:Mixcornstarch(玉米淀粉)andwatertomakestickymixture.Paintonit.Themixtureactslikerealplaster-ittakesinpaintwater,makingcolorsbrighter.Thisscientificmethodhelpsartstaybeautifulforhundredsofyears.InkColorSecretAreallblackmarkersthesame?Usefilterpaper(滤纸)tofindout.Drawadotwithablackmarker.Putthepaper’sedgeinwater.Asthewaterrises,itseparatesinkintodifferentcolors.Youmightseeblueoryellow!Thismethod,calledcolorseparation,helpsmakeperfectinkcolors.CreamArtDesignMakecolorfulpatternswithshaving(剃须)cream.Spreadcreamonaplate,addfoodcoloringdrops.Mixcolorswithastick.Presspaperontop.Thesoapinthecreamhastwospecialparts-someattractwater,otherspushitaway.Whenpressed,thesespecialpartslockincolorsinvariouspatterns,andeachpatternlooksnewanddifferent!MovingPictureMagicMakeaflipbook(翻页书)withstickynotes.Drawsmallchangesoneachlikeaballbouncing(弹跳).Flipthepagesquicklytoseethemovement!Largechangesbetweenpicturesmakethemovementbroken;smallchangesproducesmoothmovingimages—exactlyhowcartoonmovieswork.Thisshowshowourbrainsmightusevisualcluestofillinmissinginformation.Theseexperimentsshowwhatsciencehastodowithart.Byunderstandingscience,artistscancompletetheirworksmorecreatively.11.WhatmaterialsareusedinWetWallPainting?A.Waterandcornstarch. B.Filterpaperandwater.C.Creamandfoodcoloring. D.Stickynotesandmarkers.12.WhichofthefollowingexperimentsisInkColorSecret?A. B. C. D.13.Theflipbookexperimentmainlyshows________.A.waystocreatestickynotes B.thesciencebehindcartoonmoviesC.howtouseclearervisualclues D.howtodrawlargerchangesonpages14.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Todevelopsciencetheories. B.Toshowscienceinart.C.Toofferartlessons. D.Toexplainsciencesubjects.【答案】11.A12.C13.B14.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个将科学与艺术结合的实验，展示科学对艺术的帮助，体现艺术中的科学。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据WetWallPainting部分“Trythis:Mixcornstarchandwatertomakestickymixture.(试试这个：将玉米淀粉和水混合成粘性混合物)”可知，湿墙绘画使用的材料是水和玉米淀粉。故选A。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据InkColorSecret部分“Areallblackmarkersthesame?Usefilterpapertofindout.Drawadotwithablackmarker.Putthepaper’sedgeinwater.Asthewaterrises,itseparatesinkintodifferentcolors.Youmightseeblueoryellow!Thismethod,calledcolorseparation,helpsmakeperfectinkcolors.(所有的黑色标记都一样吗？使用滤纸进行查找。用黑色记号笔画一个点。把纸的边缘放进水里。随着水的上升，它把墨水分成不同的颜色。你可能会看到蓝色或黄色！这种方法称为分色，有助于制作出完美的油墨颜色)”可知，墨水颜色秘密实验是在滤纸上画黑色点，之后纸的边缘被放进水里，水上升，墨水被分成不同颜色，C图显示的正是这种实验。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据MovingPictureMagic部分“Makeaflipbookwithstickynotes.Drawsmallchangesoneachlikeaballbouncing.Flipthepagesquicklytoseethemovement!...exactlyhowcartoonmovieswork.Thisshowshowourbrainsmightusevisualcluestofillinmissinginformation.(用便利贴做一本翻页书。在每一页上画出小的变化，就像一个弹跳的球。快速翻页以查看运动！……这正是卡通电影的工作原理。这表明我们的大脑可能会利用视觉线索来填补缺失的信息)”可知，翻页书实验主要展示了卡通电影背后的科学原理。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sciencehelpsartiststrynewideas.Wanttocreatebetterart?Understandthesciencebehindit!Now,let’stryfourexperimentsconnectingscienceandart.(科学帮助艺术家尝试新想法。想创作更好的艺术吗？了解背后的科学原理！现在，让我们尝试四个连接科学和艺术的实验)”、最后一段“Theseexperimentsshowwhatsciencehastodowithart.Byunderstandingscience,artistscancompletetheirworksmorecreatively.(这些实验展示了科学与艺术的关系。通过理解科学，艺术家可以更有创意地完成他们的作品)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了四个将科学与艺术结合的实验，文章的主要目的是展示艺术中的科学。故选B。BSiaGodikawas13whenshenoticedthebarefootchildrenofconstructionworkersatabuildingsitenearherhouseinBangalore.“Theirfeetwerebare.Cracked.Hard.Dirty.Bleeding,”reflectsSia,now17.“Theywerejustwalkingaroundthatbuildingsitelikeitwasaneverydaypracticeforthem.”AnditwasatthatmomentthatSiarealisedthetroublingcontrasttoherownprivilege(特权).Laterthatyear,withthehelpofherparentsandcommunityvolunteers,SiafoundedSoleWarriors,anorganizationthatworkstoprovideshoestothoseinneed.Ithasamotto:“Donateasole(鞋底),saveasoul.”Theidea,whichstartedasadinnerconversationwithherparents,quicklygrew.AfterSiaspreadthewordwithpostersandWhatsAppgroups,messagesfrompeoplewhowantedtohelpcamefloodingin.Formonths,Siawasjuggling(同时应付)schoolworkandhernewpassionproject.“Iwasuptill2a.m.creatingExcelsheetstoseewhichapartmentbuildingswecouldapproachfordonationsandcontactingpeople.”Initsfirstdonationdrive,SoleWarriorscollectedandgaveout700pairsofshoes.Todaythatnumberstandsataround28,000acrossfourcountries,includingtheUnitedStates,ChinaandLiberia,thankstothehardworkofacoreteamofabout80volunteers.Buttheorganization’sgrowthwasn’twithoutitschallenges.Whenitcametolookingforcollaborators(合作者),themaindifficultywasfindingacompanythatwouldfreeofchargedotherepairsandcleanuptheshoestolooklikenew,Siafacedoneproblemafteranotherbeforefindingapartner.“Beinga13-year-old,Ididfacealotofbias(偏见),becauseatmyage,peoplewerelesswillingtohearmeout,”saysSia.Inrecognitionofherimpact,in2021SiawasgiventheDianaAward,oneofthemostrespectedhonoursayoungpersoncanreceive.Butherworkisn’tdone.“Ourgoalhasalwaysbeentotouchamillionfeet,”shesays.15.HowdidSiafeelwhenshesawchildrenwalkingbarefoot?A.Nervous. B.Curious. C.Puzzled. D.Shocked.16.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeSiametindevelopingSoleWarriors?A.Lackofvolunteerenthusiasm. B.Findingacompanytorepairshoesforfree.C.Collectingenoughdonatedfootwear. D.Balancingherschoolworkandcharitywork17.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSia?A.Determinedandcaring. B.Honestandmodest.C.Generousandstrict. D.Giftedandambitious.18.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SoleWarriors,BrightFuture B.AJourneyofaThousandMilesC.Walkinginsomeoneelse’sshoes D.BarefootChildren’sBigDream【答案】15.D16.B17.A18.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了SiaGodika从13岁起关注建筑工人子女赤脚问题，创立SoleWarriors组织，克服困难捐赠约2.8万双鞋。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段““Theirfeetwerebare.Cracked.Hard.Dirty.Bleeding,”reflectsSia,now17.“Theywerejustwalkingaroundthatbuildingsitelikeitwasaneverydaypracticeforthem.”AnditwasatthatmomentthatSiarealisedthetroublingcontrasttoherownprivilege.(“他们的脚光着。开裂。坚硬。肮脏。流血，”现年17岁的Sia回忆道。“他们就那样每天都在建筑工地里走来走去。”就在那一刻，Sia意识到这与她自己的特权形成了令人不安的对比)”可知，当Sia看到孩子们光着脚走路时，她感到震惊。故选D。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Buttheorganization’sgrowthwasn’twithoutitschallenges.Whenitcametolookingforcollaborators,themaindifficultywasfindingacompanythatwouldfreeofchargedotherepairsandcleanuptheshoestolooklikenew,Siafacedoneproblemafteranotherbeforefindingapartner.(但该组织的发展并非没有挑战。在寻找合作者时，主要的困难是找到一家愿意免费修理和清洁鞋子，使其看起来焕然一新的公司。在找到合作伙伴之前，Sia面临着一个又一个问题)”可知，Sia在发展SoleWarriors时遇到的最大挑战是找到一家免费修理鞋子的公司。故选B。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Laterthatyear,withthehelpofherparentsandcommunityvolunteers,SiafoundedSoleWarriors,anorganizationthatworkstoprovideshoestothoseinneed.(同年晚些时候，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下，Sia创立了SoleWarriors，这是一个致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子的组织)”以及第五段“Buttheorganization’sgrowthwasn’twithoutitschallenges.Whenitcametolookingforcollaborators,themaindifficultywasfindingacompanythatwouldfreeofchargedotherepairsandcleanuptheshoestolooklikenew,Siafacedoneproblemafteranotherbeforefindingapartner.(但该组织的发展并非没有挑战。在寻找合作者时，主要的困难是找到一家愿意免费修理和清洁鞋子，使其看起来焕然一新的公司。在找到合作伙伴之前，Sia面临着一个又一个问题)”可知，Sia创立组织帮助有需要的人，并且面临重重困难仍然继续坚持，这表明她是一个有决心和有爱心的人。故选A。【18题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段““Theirfeetwerebare.Cracked.Hard.Dirty.Bleeding,”reflectsSia,now17.“Theywerejustwalkingaroundthatbuildingsitelikeitwasaneverydaypracticeforthem.”AnditwasatthatmomentthatSiarealisedthetroublingcontrasttoherownprivilege.(“他们的脚光着。开裂。坚硬。肮脏。流血，”现年17岁的Sia回忆道。“他们就那样每天都在建筑工地里走来走去。”就在那一刻，Sia意识到这与她自己的特权形成了令人不安的对比)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了Sia看到光脚的孩子后，创立了SoleWarriors组织为他们提供鞋子，并克服重重困难坚持下来的故事。C选项表示“站在别人的立场上”，即设身处地为别人着想，此处引申为“关注他人的困境并伸出援手”最符合文章主旨，同时“shoes”也契合文章主题，适合作为文章标题。故选C。CMakingpredictionsblocksthebrain’sabilitytorememberthepresentmoment,newresearchsuggests.Thehippocampus,abrainstructureusuallyassociatedwithrememberingevents,alsousesexperiencestomakeforecasts(neuroscientistscallthis“statisticallearning”).ButscientistswritingintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAhavenowdemonstratedthatthelatter(后者)functioncaninterrupttheformer.Researchersshowedparticipantsaseriesofphotographsonascreenwithouttellingthemsomeimagecategoriesalwaysfollowedothers:mountainsalwayscameimmediatelyafterbeaches,forexample.Thesubjectswereintendedtosubconsciously(潜意识地)learntheseassociationsandbegintoexpectthesepairings.Later,theparticipantswereshownthesamephotosagain,mixedinwithnewexamples,andwereaskediftheyhadspottedanyofthembefore.Theyaccuratelyrecalledseeingrandomimagesatamuchbetterratethanthe“predictive”ones(likethebeachpictures).Thescientistsrepeatedthisprocesswhilescanningparticipants’brainswithfunctionalMRI.Eachimagecategorycausedaspecificneuralactivitypattern,andthepatternsfor“predicable”categorieswereseeninthehippocampuswhenthecorrelatingpredictivecategorywasdisplayed.Moreover,theeffect’sstrengthinfMRIcorrelatedinverselywithparticipants’memorytaskscores.“Themoreevidenceforpredictionwesaw,theworsetheirmemorywasforthosepredictiveitems,”suchasaparticularbeachscene,saysstudyleadauthorandYaleUniversitycognitiveneuroscientistBrynnSherman.Thissuggeststhatpredictiveimagesactivatedthehippocampustoshiftgearstowardprediction—andawayfromencodinganewmemory.Thestudyisamongthefirsttodemonstratehowmakingpredictionsaffectshumanmemory.Scientistspreviouslysuspectedthatthehippocampushadaroleinstatisticallearningbuthadnotknownhowitinteractswithmemoryformation.“Thispaperisareallynicedemonstrationofthetrade-offwherethehippocampusisdoingboththesethings,”saysUniversityofVirginiacognitiveneuroscientistNicoleLong,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Theteamsaysthistrade-offoccursbecauserememberingandpredictingbothusesomeofthesamebiologicalpathways.Inthepaper,theauthorscompareitwith“usingone’srightfoottooperateboththebrakeandgaspedalsinacar...butnotbothatthesametime.”Thissetupcouldpreventunnecessarymemorystorageandthusconservebrainpower,Shermansays:asuccessfulpredictionwouldcontainthesameinformationasanactualoutcome.19.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A.Thefunctionofthehippocampusinrememberingevents.BTheimpactofmakingpredictionsonhumanmemoryC.Thedevelopmentofstatisticallearninginthebrain.D.Therelationshipbetweenrepetitionandmemoryencoding20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inversely”inParagraph3mean?A.Oppositely. B.Indirectly.C.Randomly. D.Occasionally.21.InParagraph5,thecomparisonisusedto________.A.clarifydifficultiesinbrainmemory B.explainthebrain’smultiplefunctionsC.highlighttheimportanceofthehippocampus D.showhippocampus’sswitchingrole22.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheSecretsoftheHippocampus B.Prediction:AMemoryProblemC.TheScienceofStatisticalLearning D.TheBrain’sMemoryandPredictionFunctions【答案】19.B20.A21.D22.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新研究表明，大脑预测功能会阻碍记忆当下，海马体在预测和记忆间存在权衡，二者共用部分生物通路，无法同时进行。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Makingpredictionsblocksthebrain’sabilitytorememberthepresentmoment,newresearchsuggests.Thehippocampus,abrainstructureusuallyassociatedwithrememberingevents,alsousesexperiencestomakeforecasts(neuroscientistscallthis“statisticallearning”).ButscientistswritingintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAhavenowdemonstratedthatthelatter(后者)functioncaninterrupttheformer.(新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力。海马体是一种通常与记忆事件相关的大脑结构，它也利用经验进行预测（神经科学家称之为“统计学习”）。但是，在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表文章的科学家们现在已经证明，后者的功能可以中断前者)”可知，该研究主要关注的是做出预测对人类记忆的影响。故选B。【20题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Moreover,theeffect’sstrengthinfMRIcorrelatedinverselywithparticipants’memorytaskscores.(此外，功能磁共振成像中这种效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分的关系inversely)”以及后文“Themoreevidenceforpredictionwesaw,theworsetheirmemorywasforthosepredictiveitems(我们看到的预测证据越多，他们对这些预测项目的记忆就越差)”可知，功能磁共振成像中，预测效应越强，记忆任务得分越低，这种预测效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分呈相反关系，划线单词inversely在此处意为“相反地”，与Oppositely意思相近。故选A。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Theteamsaysthistrade-offoccursbecauserememberingandpredictingbothusesomeofthesamebiologicalpathways.Inthepaper,theauthorscompareitwith“usingone’srightfoottooperateboththebrakeandgaspedalsinacar...butnotbothatthesametime.”(该团队表示，之所以会出现这种权衡，是因为记忆和预测都使用了一些相同的生物途径。在这篇论文中，作者将其与“用右脚同时操作汽车的刹车和油门踏板……但不能同时踩两者”进行了比较)”可知，第五段中的这个比较是用来解释海马体在记忆和预测之间的切换作用，就像用右脚不能同时踩刹车和油门一样，海马体也不能同时专注于记忆和预测。故选D。【22题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Makingpredictionsblocksthebrain’sabilitytorememberthepresentmoment,newresearchsuggests.(新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了新的研究表明做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力，特别是海马体在记忆和预测之间的切换作用。因此，“预测：一个记忆问题”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。DAmidrollingfarmsandgreenpasture150milesnorthwestofSaoPaulo,Brazil,twotropicalforestsbloomasone.Thefirstconsistsofasinglespecies,rowafterrowofnon-nativeeucalyptuses(桉树),plantedinperfectlineslikecarrots.Theotherishaphazard,amixtureofdozensofvarietiesofnativesaplings.There’snodenyingit:Thisforestlooksridiculous.Yetthese2.5-acrestandsofnativetrees,ringedbyfast-growingexotics(外来植物),areamongmanypromisingeffortstobringbacktheplanet’sforests.Theeucalyptuses,saysPedroBrancalion,theUniversityofSaoPauloagronomistwhodesignedthisexperiment,getbigsoquicklytheycanbecutafterfiveyearsandusedtomakepaper.Thatcoversnearlyhalformoreofthecostofplantingtheslow-growingnativetrees,whichthennaturallyreseedgroundthathasbeenlaidbarebytheharvest.Andthisprocessdoesn’thampernaturalregeneration.Youneedn’tlookfarthesedaystofindorganizationstryingtosavetheworldbygrowingtrees.Yettoomanyplantingcampaigns,forestexpertssay,stillgettoomuchwrong.Toooften,theyaresofocusedongettingcreditforeachseedlingplantthattheyignorewhatmattersmost:Whatkindofwoodlandiscreated?Atwhatcost?Andmostimportantly:Howlongwillitlast?Usingthenumberoftreesplantedasamagic“proxyforeverything,”Brancalionsays,you“spendmoremoneyandgetlowerlevelsofsuccess.”Treeplantingseemslikeasimple,naturalwaytocounterthecrisesofclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss.Treesprovidewildlifehabitatsandabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Nowondertreesarepraisedastheidealweapon.However,simplyreforestingtheplanetisn’tgoingtodomuchifwedon’talsostartcuttingdownonouremissionsfromtheburningofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas.Treeplantingalsocan’treplaceold-growthforests.Sowhatshouldwedo?ToBrancalion,theanswerisobvious:Restorenativeforests,mostlyinthetropics,wheretreesgrowfastandlandischeap.Thatmayrequireplanting.Butitalsomaycallforclearingexoticgrasses,fixingsoils,orimprovingcropyieldsforfarmerssothatlesslandisneededforagricultureandmorecanbeallowedtogobacktoforests.Withresourceslimitedandnotimetospare,Brancalionsays,jump-startingnaturalprocessescanhelp.Inmanycases,ifweletnaturedotheheavylifting,hesays,“theforestcanregrowquiteeffectively.”23.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobydescribingthetwoforestsnearSaoPaulo?A.Introduceatopic. B.Justifyacomparison.C.Giveasuggestion. D.Highlightanargument.24.Whatdoestheword“hamper”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Getinthewayof. B.Takecareof.C.Keepupwith. D.Doawaywith.25.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Restoringnativetreescanbefastandcheap.B.Fast-growingtreesboostspeciesdiversityC.Wecanpracticallymisstheforestforthetrees.D.Plantingtreesworkswondersfortheclimatecrisis.26.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Plantmoretrees-andsolveclimateproblems B.Plantmoretrees-butdefendtheclimateC.Plantmoretrees-andtimewillheal D.Plantmoretrees-butletnaturetakeitscourse【答案】23.A24.A25.C26.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴西圣保罗附近的造林实验，指出植树需注重原生林恢复，结合自然力量，而非仅追求数量，还需减少排放等。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Amidrollingfarmsandgreenpasture150milesnorthwestofSaoPaulo,Brazil,twotropicalforestsbloomasone.Thefirstconsistsofasinglespecies,rowafterrowofnon-nativeeucalyptuses(桉树),plantedinperfectlineslikecarrots.Theotherishaphazard,amixtureofdozensofvarietiesofnativesaplings.(在巴西圣保罗西北150英里的连绵起伏的农场和绿色牧场中，两片热带森林融为一体。第一种由一种单一的物种组成，一排排非本地桉树，像胡萝卜一样整齐地种植。另一种是偶然的，由几十种本土树苗混合而成)”以及第二段“There’snodenyingit:Thisforestlooksridiculous.Yetthese2.5-acrestandsofnativetrees,ringedbyfast-growingexotics(外来植物),areamongmanypromisingeffortstobringbacktheplanet’sforests.(不可否认：这片森林看起来很荒谬。然而，这些2.5英亩的本土树木，被快速生长的外来植物环绕，是恢复地球森林的许多有希望的努力之一)”可知，作者通过描述圣保罗附近的两种森林：一种是非本地桉树，一种是本地树苗的混合林，这是为了引出关于森林恢复和植树造林的话题。故选A。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Theeucalyptuses,saysPedroBrancalion,theUniversityofSaoPauloagronomistwhodesignedthisexperiment,getbigsoquicklytheycanbecutafterfiveyearsandusedtomakepaper.Thatcoversnearlyhalformoreofthecostofplantingtheslow-growingnativetrees,whichthennaturallyreseedgroundthathasbeenlaidbarebytheharvest.Andthisprocessdoesn’thampernaturalregeneration.(圣保罗大学农学家PedroBrancalion设计了这项实验，他说桉树长得很快，五年后就可以砍伐并用于造纸。这几乎涵盖了种植生长缓慢的本土树木的一半或更多成本，然后这些树木会自然地重新播种因收获而裸露的土地。这个过程不会hamper自然再生)”可知，桉树生长迅速，五年后可砍伐用于造纸，为种植生长缓慢的原生树木提供资金，且原生树木能在桉树砍伐后的裸露土地上自然重新播种，可推测这个过程不会阻碍自然再生。因此，hamper在此处意为“阻碍”，与Getinthewayof意义相近。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Toooften,theyaresofocusedongettingcreditforeachseedlingplantthattheyignorewhatmattersmost:Whatkindofwoodlandiscreated?Atwhatcost?Andmostimportantly:Howlongwillitlast?(很多时候，他们过于关注每棵树苗的功劳，却忽略了最重要的问题：创造了什么样的林地？成本是多少？最重要的是：它能持续多久？)”以及第五段“Treeplantingseemslikeasimple,naturalwaytocounterthecrisesofclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss.However,simplyreforestingtheplanetisn’tgoingtodomuchifwedon’talsostartcuttingdownonouremissionsfromtheburningofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas.Treeplantingalsocan’treplaceold-growthforests.(植树似乎是应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失危机的简单、自然的方法。然而，如果我们不开始减少煤炭、石油和天然气燃烧产生的排放，仅仅重新造林并不会有多大作用。植树也不能取代原始森林)”可知，植树造林看似简单，但如果不考虑森林的类型、成本和持久性，以及减少碳排放和保护原始森林，就可能只见树木不见森林，即忽略了真正重要的问题。故选C。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Withresourceslimitedandnotimetospare,Brancalionsays,jump-startingnaturalprocessescanhelp.Inmanycases,ifweletnaturedotheheavylifting,hesays,“theforestcanregrowquiteeffectively.”(Brancalion说，由于资源有限，时间紧迫，启动自然过程会有所帮助。他说，在许多情况下，如果我们让自然承担重任，“森林可以非常有效地重新生长。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了植树造林的问题，指出虽然植树看似是应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的简单方法，但如果不考虑森林的类型、成本和持久性，以及减少碳排放和保护原始森林，就可能效果不佳。文章强调，在资源有限和时间紧迫的情况下，应该让自然发挥其再生能力，让森林自然恢复。因此，D选项“Plantmoretrees-butletnaturetakeitscourse(多植树，但让自然顺其自然)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。三、阅读回答问题(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WhenIwasayoungster,mymotherwouldsay,“Gooutsideandplay.”AndIwould,withalltheotherkidsintheneighborhood.Welearnedalotaboutnatureandourselvesplayingoutside.Foronething,wequicklylearnedtorecognizepoisonivy.AfewyearsagoIwasfortunatetobeaskedtojointheadvisorycommitteeofChildrenandNatureNetwork(C&NN).ThisisagrowingorganizationcreatedbyauthorRichardLouv.Hisbook,LastChildintheWoods,becameabest-selleraspeoplerealizedwehaveagenerationofchildrensoconnectedtoelectronicsthattheyarelosingtheirconnectiontonature.AsLouvwrites,“Wearefastapproachingagenerationofchildrenwherenochildwillhaveplayedoutdoors.”Natureismorethanplantsandanimalsweobserveeachday.Natureisasharedspiritofbeingwithallthings.Throughnaturewelearnthateverythingiscyclical,thatlifebeginsandlifepasses,andthateverylifeisinbalancewithallotherlifeforms,andeachonehelpstheotherfulfillitsessentialpurpose.MyneighborsembodytheactionsandnaturephilosophythatLouvsuggestsinhisbook.Theyplant,theyplay,andtheyteachtheirchildrenthatnaturehasherpurpose.Theyliveoutthephilosophythatwearepartofnature,andwhenweabuse(滥用)her,weabuseourselves.Spendingtimeoutdoorsbothinlonelinessandatplayisanimportanteducationforchildren.Theoutdoorsencouragesaninnerconnectiontonature,andifyoustaythereforalittlewhileinsilence,youwillseea