Unit 1 Past and present 讲义 牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit1Pastandpresent讲义牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit1Pastandpresent

Comicstrip&Welcometotheunit

Pastandpresent(P.6)

Past

Iusedtogothereofteninthepast.

inpastyears/centuriesadj.

Thetimefordiscussionispast.

Itwaspastmidnightwhenwegothome.

Aweekwentpastandnothinghadchanged.

【练习】

Pleaseposttheletterasyougo_______thepostoffice.

A.over

B.beyondC.throughD.past

Present

Hegaveherthepaintingasapresent.

Wedonothaveanymoreinformationatthepresenttime.

Lastyearshewaspresentedwithanawardforlifetimeachievement.

atpresent=________=now=rightnow（时态：__）

-Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood

-Yes.I’vejusteatenit.(P.6)

justadv.刚（时态：_现在完成时_____）

justnow刚才（时态：______）

他们刚到。_____

我刚才去了图书馆。___________

Youusedtosharefoodwithme.(P.6)

Youusedtobesokindtome.(P.6)

Iusedtogotoschoolonfoot.(P.7)

share

usedtodosth.

inuse

usepapertomakeapaperplane

Paperisusedtomakepaperplane

【比较】

usedtodosth.

过去常常做某事（过去某地有某物thereusedtobe)

IusedtoplaytennisbutIdon'tplayitveryoftennow.

我过去常打网球，但现在不常打了。

Tomusedtogetupearly,didn'the/usedn'the

Tom过去常常早起，不是吗？

Thereusedtobeanoldhouseinthemountain.

be/getusedtodoingsth.

习惯于做某事

getusedtosth.习惯于某事

我习惯于坐公交车去学校。

beusedtodosth.=beusedfor(doing)sth.被用来做某事

beusedassth.

被作为……用

Stampsareusedtopostletters.＝Stampsareusedforpostingletters.

邮票是用来寄信的。

【例】

HeusedtogofishingeverySaturday.Butsincehechangedhisjob,he’sbarely（几乎不）hadachance.Hethinkshe’llneverbeusedtothisbusylifestyle.

【练习】

1)It__________socoldinwinterafewyearsago.

A.wasn’tusedtobeB.isn’tusedtobe

C.didn’tusedtobeD.usednottobe

2)There_________thousandsofdrive-intheatersintheUSA.

A.usedtohaveB.wereusedtobeing

C.wereusedtohaving

D.usedtobe

3)_______you________goswimmingwithyourbrother

A.Do;useto

B.Are;usingto

C.Did;usetoD.Did;usedto

4)He

thinkworkingasadoctorwasboring.Butnowhelikesthisjob,andhethelifestyleofadoctor

A.isusedto:usedto

B.usedto:usedto

C.isusedto:isusedto

D.usedto:isusedto

5)Tomisconsidering______hisjobbecausehe______gettingupsoearly.

A.changing;isn’tusedtoB.tochange;isn’tusedto

C.notchanging;didn’tuseto

D.nottochange;doesn’tusetoconsiderdoingsth.考虑做某事

6)Mike

English,butnowheisbetteratitthan

inhisclass.

A.isusedtohate;anystudentB.usedtohate;theotherstudents;

C.isusedtohating;alltheotherstudents

D.usedtohate;allthestudents

7)-Didn’tyourbrother

gotoschoolbybike

-Yes,hedid.Buthewalkingtoschoolnow.

usedto;usedtoB.useto;usedto

C.usedto;isusedto

D.useto;isusedto

8)TheYellowRiver_____floodlargeareas,butnowthewatersofitareused_______energy.

A.wasusedto;toproducingB.usedto;toproducing

C.wasusedto;toproduce

D.usedto;toproduce

Reading

I’velivedheresinceIwasborn.(P.8)

sinceconj.&prep.自……以来

过去的时间点since1990,sincelastyear

现在完成时+since+时间段+ago

sincethreeyearsago

句子（一般过去时）sinceIwenttoschool

Since1998,wehavelivedhere.

Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.

【复习】

sinceconj._________

Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.

练习

1)Shehaslosttenpounds________(自……以来)shestartedtodoexercise.

2)Whynotletitgo_______ithasnothingtodowithyou

A.because

B.though

C.unless

D.since

3)Goodtoseeyouagain.It'salmostthreeyears_______wemetlasttime

A.until

B.before

C.while

D.since

4)TheGreenshavelivedhere_______1997.

A.inB.before

C.afterD.since

Ifirstlivedinthenorthernpartoftownwithmyparents.(P.8)

Northernadj.

inthenorthofChina

innorthernChina

inthenorthernpartofChina

【复习】关于范围

In___on

to

练习

1)Therearemanymuseumsinthe________(北部的)partofthecity.

2)Manypeoplewanttoliveinthe_______(north)partofthiscountry.

3)Haveyoueverseentheheavysnowinthe_______partofthecountry

A.west

B.south

C.eastD.northern

WhenIgotmarriedin1965,mywifeandImovedtwoblocks（街区）awayandwe’velivedinthisareasincethen.(P.8)

marryvi.&vt.结婚，嫁，娶adj.______

____嫁给／娶某人

Shemarriedafootballplayer.

_____把某人嫁给某人

Theymarriedtheirdaughtertoanoldrichman.

他们把女儿嫁给了一位年老的富人。

__________（与某人）结婚get/bemarriedtosb.

动作

YaoMinggotmarriedtoYeLion6August,2007.

Thiscouplehavebeenmarriedfor50years.

注意句子区别

【注】

表示“已经结婚"用have/hasgotmarried；表示“已经结婚多久”用have/hasbeenmarriedfor＋时间段或since＋时间点。

Theyhavegotmarried.

Theyhavebeenmarriedfor5years.=Theyhavebeenmarriedsince5yearsago.

（不能说成Theyhavegotmarriedfor5years.）

【练习】

Herparentmarriedher______arichmanlastyear.

A.to

B.withC./

D.of

wifen.妻子pl.________

【助记】

Athief’swifeusedaknifeontheshelfandhalfaleaftokillawolf.

练习：Thepenisoneofthe(wife).

Hasthetownchangedalotovertheyears(P.8)

【重点单词】

Overadj.prep在…上面morethan超过

overprep.在……期间；超过

注意时态

overthe10years现在完成时

Heisover30yearsold.他三十多岁了。

Nowthegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.(P.8)

o...

【复习】

turnonturnoff

turnup___________

turndown______；拒绝（某人）

turnaround

inturn轮流

taketurnstodosth.

It’sone’sturntodosth.

练习:

1)Ifthetemperatureisbelow0℃,waterwill_______iceintheopenair.

A.turnback

B.turninto

C.turnoffD.turnaround

2)Lucy_______agoodteacherandthecinemanearherschool_______abiggardennow.

A.hasbecome;hasturnedintoB.becomes;becomes

C.hasbecome;hasbecome

D.hasturnedinto;hasbecome

Waspollutionaproblemthen(P.9)

pollutionn.污染

vt._________

air/water/light/noisepollution

练习:

1)Ourgovernmenthasmadeaplantostopthewaterandair________(pollute)happening.

2)Thesmokefromlocalfactorieshasp_______theair.

3)Thepollutionofourbeacheswithoil_______veryterrible.

A.isBare

C．do

D.does

Theyoftenputthewasteintotheriver.(P.9)

wasten.[U]浪费

Thepacketsaremeasuredtoreducewaste.

wasten.[C](时间、金钱等的)浪费

WatchingTVadsisjustawasteoftime.

wastevt.浪费

Laterthegovernmentrealizedtheproblemandtookactiontoimprovethesituation.(P.9)

realizev.了解，意识到；实现（目标、梦想等）

realizeone’sdream=______=achieveone’sdream

takeactiontodosth.act

improve改善；提高

练习:

1)Haveyour__________theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage

2)Teachersshouldtrytohelpallthestudents________theirdreams.

A.realize

B.ruleC.exchangeD.govern

3)Scientistsarestudyinghow________(improve)people’sdiet.

4)Weallfaceadifficult_________(形势).

-Doyouthinklifeisbetternow

-Well,insomewaysitis.(P.9)

insomeways在某种程度上；在某些方面

练习：

1)Thereweresomebigstones_________myway_________mywayhomeyesterday.

A.in;on___B.on;in

C.in;by___D.at;by

2)______,youcanimproveyourMathsdaybyday.

A.InthiswayB.Onthisway

C.BythiswayD.Tothisway

bytheway

inthisway

3)---Heissocrazyaboutreadingbooks.Asaresult,weallcallhimabookworm!

---Soheis!Ifheisnotreading,heis

totheschoollibrary.

A.inthiswayB.bytheway

C.intheway

D.ontheway

Ithasbecomeimpossibleforustoseeeachotherasoftenasbefore.(P.9)

Become-became-become

impossibleadj.不可能的

n.

Assoonaspossible

asoftenasbefore

练习:

1)It’s__________(possible)foryoutomakeyourdreamcometrueifyoudon’tworkhard.

2)TolearnEnglishwell,we’dbetterspeakit_____possible.asmuchaspossible

A.assoonas

B.asmuchasC.asmanyas

D.asofteneras

3)Nothingintheworldis_______ifyousetyourmindtodoit.

A.impossible

B.wonderful

C.interesting

D.necessary

NowIfeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.(P.9)

abit=alittle+adj./adv.稍微，有点儿

alittle+不可数名词=__________+不可数名词

notabit一点儿不（=notatall）

notalittle很，非常（=verymuch）

Heisnotabittired.他一点不累。

Heisnotalittletired.他很累。

练习：

1)Hesaidlifewithoutoldfriendswas_______.Hewillvisitsomeofhisoldfriendstomorrow.

A.abitofboringB.abitboringC.abitboredD.abitofbored

2)Thenewmonitorfelt___nervousbeforehespokeinfrontofus.

A.AbitofB.AlittleofC.abit

D.abitlittle

3)Thereis

sheeponthefarm.Howlovely!

A.little

B.afewC.alittle

D.few

4)Billyalwayshas

sleepatnight.Thatiswhyhesometimesgetssleepyinclass.

A.little;bit

B.bit;little

C.little;abitD.abit;alittle

fromtimetotime__________(=attimes=sometimes有时)

【拓展】

atthesametime

intime

ontime

allthetime

atatime

forthefirsttime

Icarriedmanybooksatatime.我一次搬了很多书

lonely

练习：

1)Jack’sgrandmalives_______ina(n)_______house,butshedoesn’tfeel_______atall.

A.lonely;alone;lonelyB.alone;alone;lonely

C.alone;lonely;lonelyD.lonely;lonely;alone

Anyway,it’sgoodtoseetheamazingchangesinthetown.(P.9)

无论任何

AmazingchangeshavetakenplaceinSunshineTown.(P.10)n.

=SunshineTownhaschangedalot.V.

=TherehavebeenamazingchangesinSunshineTown.N.

takeplace发生

【辨析】

happen指“偶然发生"时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人"时，意为“碰巧”。

sth.happentosb.（不好的事情）

Maybesomethingunexpected（预料之外的）happened.

Ihappenedtoseehimonmywayhome.

takeplace表示“发生、举行、举办”，安排。

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears.

TheOlympicGamesof2024willtakeplaceinParis.

TellmemoreaboutyourinterviewwithMrChen.(P.11)

interviewn.，意为“采访，会见”；v.，意为“采访，面试”。

interviewsb．＝__________

IinterviewedMrZhangyesterdayafternoon

＝IhadaninterviewwithMrZhangyesterdayafternoon.

interviewer

练习：

1)Iwillhaveajob________(会见)nextweek.

2)Afterthefinal,thereporterhadan__________(采访)withthecoachofthewinningteam.

HashelivedinSunshineTownallhislife(P.11)

allone’slife

Grammar现在完成时

【中考要求】

熟练掌握动词过去分词的形式。

2．熟练掌握现在完成时的构成和基本用法。

3．初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。

Sb.have/has

一、现在完成时的概念

现在完成时(presentperfect)：过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去一段时间发生一直延续到现在并有可能延续到将来的动作或状态。

Ihavelostmywallet,andIfeelsad.

Ilostmywallet.过去的动作。

Theyhaveboughtcomputer,theydon’tneedtogooutsidetoplaythecomputer.

YouhavelearnedEnglishforeightyears,andyouwillcontinuelearnit.

IhavebeentoParistwice.

二、现在完成时的变化规则

规则变化-和过去式一样

三、现在完成的构成

构成：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。

否定式：

疑问式：肯定回答：否定回答：

按要求改写下列各句

①Theyhaveboughtacomputer.（改成否定句）

②Hehaslosthisbook.（先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答）

四、现在完成时的时间标志词(动词填空题，选择题，完成句子题注意圈出时间）

already（）：

Ihavealreadyhadlunch.(）

just:

EddiehasjusteatenHobo’sfood.（）

yet,(）notyet

Haveyouhadlunchyet（）

Ihaven’thadlunchyet.（

）

ever(

）

HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai（

）

never（否定）

I‘veneverbeentoShanghai（）

before

HaveyoueverbeentoShanghaibefore？（

）

Recently:

Haveyouboughtbooksrecently（）

manytimes,howmanytimes,afewtimes,threetimes..............

Ihavereadthebookmanytimes.（

）

Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthebook（

）

for+时间段/howlong:

IhavelivedinWuxifor3years.Howlong

HowlonghaveyoulivedinWuxi

WhenyoulivedinWuxiIlivedinWuxiatmy…..

since+时间点；since+句子，since+…ago，sincethen,sincewhen,eversince,itis/hasbeen+段时间+since+句子：

sinceWewon’tgocampingsinceitwillberainytomorrow.既然conj.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.(自..以来）

Shehasbeenheresince3o’clock.

ShehasbeenawayfromWuxisince3daysago.

We‘velivedheresincethen.（从那以后）

Itis/hasbeen3yearssinceimovedhere.

sofar=tillnow=untilnow=uptonow

Ihaveknown3000wordssofar.（到目前为止）

in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears，（在过去的几年间）overthe(past,last)years

WuXihaschangedalotinthepastfewyears

inthepast

thisisthebest….Ihaveeverseen;(这是我见过的最...的....)

ThisisthebesttoyIhaveeverseen.

ThisisthebestplaceIhaveeverbeen.

例题：Whatawonderfulbook!It’s________onethatI________.

A.thebest;everread

B.thebest;haveeverread

C.good;haveeverreadD.good;everread

Itisthefirst/secondtimesbhave/has..(这是我第...次....)

ItisthesecondtimeIhavebeentoChina.

练习：

1.-AreyougoingtohelpJohnwithhisChinesethisevening

-No．He____toEngland．Hewillbebacknextmonth．

A．returnedB．hasreturned

C．returns

D．willreturn

2.Amy____inthetownsinceshemovedherein2005．

A．livedB．waslivingC．haslived

D．willlive

3.-Oh，MissSmith，yourwatchlooksnice．Isitnew

-No，I____itfortwoyears．

A．havehadB．willhaveChadD．Have

易混淆点拓展：

1.for+段时间

1.(2016无锡）—Hi,Judy.Haveyougraduatedfromcollege

—Yes,I

_(study)inNanjingUniversityforfouryears.

2.-Whatdoyouthinkofthiscity

-Great!I___(stay)hereforanothertwoweeks.

Mybrother

(jog)for40minuteseverydaywhenhewas20yearsold.

4.ThegreatscientistHawkinghasbeendeadforsometime,buthisachievements(continue)toinfluencetheworldformanyyears.

5.—Iwonderwhatmakesyouasuccessfulsalesman.

—I___(serve)asawaiterforfiveyearsanditmakesagreatdifferenttomyworktoday.

serve

无标志时间点

1.--Turnofftheradio,dear.Babyissleeping.

---Thereisnoneed.He_haswoken_(wake)up.

2.(2016无锡）Theengineer_hastried_____(try)everypossibleway,butstillcannotgetthecomputerstarted.

3.(2015无锡）—Isthelittlebabyinthisphotome,Dad

—Itis.Andnowyou

(grow)intoayoungman.Wheredoesthetimego,huh

Grow-grew-grown

4.(2013无锡）—Willyoucomeandpickmeuptomorrowmorning

—Yes,I

(promise).允诺；承诺

5.--Look!Someone

(clean)theblackboard.

---Well,itwasn’tmine.Ididn’tdoit.

6.Bequiet!Thebabies

havefallen

(fall)asleep.

Integratedskills&Studyskills

She’sjustreturnedfromtheUSA.(P.16)

returnvi.返回=comeback

；归还，vt.=giveback。

returntosp.=returnsth.tosb.＝givesth．backtosb.把某物还给人。

他已经把这本书归还给他姐姐了。

Hehasreturned

【注】

return本身含有back的意思，不能再和back连用。

练习：

1.I’mnotsurewhen

__thebook

__thelibrary.

A.toreturn;backtoB.returning;backto

C.toreturn;toD.willreturn;to

Shewentabroadwithherparents.(P.16)

abroadadv.到国外；在国外

goabroadhomeandabroad国内外

Howdoyoukeepintouchwitheachother(P.16)

联系某人

touchv.触摸touchsoftlyLink-v.touchsoftn.softtouch

Wemainlycommunicatebyemail.(P.16)

-TheInternetmakescommunicationmucheasier.句子结构？

-Exactly.(P.16)

communicatevt.&vi.交流，交际

与某人交流___

communicationn.交流，交际

exactlyadv.（答语）正是，没错

adj.精确的；准确的；严谨的；严格的________

练习:

1)-YoumeanDadisunhappywithwhatIsaidjustnow

-__________(exact).

2)Iremember________(exact)whatAudreyHepburnlookedlikeinherfirstfilm.

3)-Ihearyouhavebeento