《智能传感器装调与测试（双语）》课件-6.毫米波雷达工作原理及应用

毫米波雷达工作原理及应用WorkingPrincipleandApplicationofMillimeterWaveRadar为什么自动驾驶车辆在暴雨天也能精准识别前方车辆，还能及时避开侧后方的盲区来车？Whycanautonomousvehiclesaccuratelyidentifythevehicleinfrontonrainydaysandavoidvehiclesfromblindspotsintheside-rearareaintime?毫米波雷达识别

IdentificationbyMillimeterWaveRadarPART01定义与发展DefinitionandDevelopment毫米波雷达是什么IntroductiontoMillimeterWaveRadar1毫米波雷达的定义Definitionofmillimeterwaveradar毫米波雷达是一种工作在30-300GHz频率范围、波长1-10mm的雷达传感器。它利用毫米波的特性，能够实现远距离探测和高分辨率成像，为智能网联汽车提供全天候的感知能力。Millimeterwaveradarisaradarsensorthatoperatesinthefrequencyrangeof30–300GHzandhasawavelengthof1–10mm.Itusesthefeaturesofmillimeterwavestoachievelong-rangedetectionandhigh-resolutionimaging,providingall-weatherperceptioncapabilitiesforintelligentconnectedvehicles.2核心优势Corebenefits兼具微波雷达的远距离探测能力和光学设备的高分辨率优势，既能穿透雾霾、暴雨等干扰，又能精准捕捉目标细节Ithasthelong-rangedetectioncapabilityofmicrowaveradarandthehighresolutionadvantageofopticalequipment.Itcannotonlyresistinterferencesuchashazeandheavyrain,butalsoaccuratelycapturetargetdetails.毫米波雷达测量原理MeasurementPrincipleofMillimeterWaveRadar从军用到民用的三级跳Three-stagedevelopmentfrommilitarytocivilian毫米波雷达的发展历程Developmenthistoryofmillimeterwaveradar1231960-1980年代主要用于军事领域，如战斗机和导弹制导1960sto1980s:Itwasmainlyusedinmilitaryfields,suchasfightersandmissileguidance1990-2010年代进入民用领域，高端车型首次搭载用于自适应巡航1990sto2010s:Itenteredthecivilianfield,andhigh-endmodelswerefirstequippedwithadaptivecruisecontrol2010年代至今毫米波雷达逐渐普及，覆盖全车型并实现多功能化2010stopresent:Themillimeterwaveradarhasgraduallybecomepopular,coveredallmodels,andrealizedmultifunctionality.PART02类型与参数TypesandParameters前向雷达：千里眼担当Forwardradar:seeingtheconditionsforalongdistanceahead前向雷达的参数Parametersofforwardradar前向雷达安装在车头格栅或保险杠内，工作频率为77GHz，探测距离可达150-250米，角度分辨率为1°。它为自适应巡航（ACC）、自动紧急制动（AEB）和前车碰撞预警（FCW）提供核心数据。Theforwardradarisinstalledinthefrontgrilleorbumper,withanoperatingfrequencyof77GHz,adetectionrangeof150–250m,andanangularresolutionof1°.Itprovidescoredataforadaptivecruisecontrol(ACC),automaticemergencybraking(AEB)andforwardcollisionwarning(FCW).前向雷达的设计逻辑Designlogicofforwardradar前向雷达采用“长距+窄角”的设计，适合高速行驶场景。它需要看得远以提前预警，而车道横向覆盖无需过宽。安装高度和保险杠的衰减也是工程设计中的重要考量因素。Theforwardradaradoptsa"longrange+narrowangle"design,makingitsuitableforhigh-speeddrivingscenarios.Itneedstoseefarawayforearlywarning,andthelateralcoverageofthelanedoesnotneedtobetoowide.Installationheightandbumperattenuationarealsoimportantconsiderationsinengineeringdesign.12侧后向与角雷达：盲区终结者Side-rearandcornerradars:eliminatingblindspots侧后向雷达工作频率为24GHz，探测距离为30-50米，主要用于盲点监测（BSD）和变道辅助（LCA）。Theside-rearradaroperatesatafrequencyof24GHzandhasadetectionrangeof30–50m.Itismainlyusedforblindspotdetection(BSD)andlanechangeassist(LCA).侧后向雷达工作频率为24GHz，探测距离为30-50米，主要用于盲点监测（BSD）和变道辅助（LCA）。Theside-rearradaroperatesatafrequencyof24GHzandhasadetectionrangeof30–50m.Itismainlyusedforblindspotdetection(BSD)andlanechangeassist(LCA).侧后向雷达与角雷达的参数Parametersofside-rearradarandcornerradar频率越高，波长越短，分辨率越高，但探测距离越短。侧后向雷达和角雷达根据应用场景的不同，选择合适的频率和探测距离，以实现最佳性能。Ahigherfrequencyresultsinashorterwavelength,ahigherresolution,andashorterdetectiondistance.Side-rearradarsandcornerradarsselectappropriatefrequenciesanddetectiondistancesaccordingtodifferentapplicationscenariostoachieveoptimalperformance.频率与性能的关系Relationshipbetweenfrequencyandperformance四大参数决定性能天花板FourParametersDeterminetheMaximumPerformance1探测距离Detectionrange探测距离决定了雷达能够“看多远”，是衡量雷达性能的重要指标。长距离探测能力对于高速行驶中的车辆至关重要，能够提前发现潜在危险。Thedetectiondistancedetermineshowfartheradarcan"see"andisanimportantindicatorformeasuringradarperformance.Long-rangedetectioncapabilitiesareessentialforvehiclesmovingathighspeedstodetectpotentialdangersinadvance.2探测角度Detectionangle探测角度决定了雷达能够“看多宽”，影响其覆盖范围。宽角度探测有助于监测车辆周围的多个方向，确保无死角监测。Thedetectionangledetermineshowwidetheradarcan"see"andaffectsitscoverage.Wide-angledetectionhelpsmonitormultipledirectionsaroundthevehicle,ensuringthemonitoringwithoutblindspots.四大参数决定性能天花板FourParametersDeterminetheMaximumPerformance3距离分辨率Detectionrange距离分辨率决定了雷达区分相邻目标的能力。高分辨率能够帮助系统更准确地识别和区分多个靠近的目标，提高安全性。Rangeresolutiondeterminestheabilityofradartodistinguishadjacenttargets.Highresolutioncanhelpthesystemmoreaccuratelyidentifyanddistinguishmultipleapproachingtargets,thusimprovingsafety.4速度分辨率Speedresolution速度分辨率决定了雷达判断目标速度差异的能力。精确的速度测量对于自适应巡航和自动紧急制动等应用至关重要，能够有效避免碰撞。Thespeedresolutiondeterminestheradar'sabilitytojudgethedifferenceintargetspeeds.Accuratespeedmeasurementisessentialforapplicationssuchasadaptivecruisecontrolandautomaticemergencybraking,effectivelyavoidingcollisions.PART03场景与融合ScenariosandIntegrationACCAEBTJA的三大金刚ACC,AEBandTJA自适应巡航（ACC）Adaptivecruisecontrol(ACC)在高速行驶中，毫米波雷达为自适应巡航系统提供实时距离和速度数据，自动调整车速，保持与前车的安全距离，减轻驾驶疲劳。Duringhigh-speeddriving,themillimeterwaveradarprovidesreal-timedistanceandspeeddatafortheadaptivecruisecontrolsystem,automaticallyadjuststhevehiclespeed,maintainsasafedistancefromthevehicleinfront,andreducesdrivingfatigue.自动紧急制动（AEB）

Automaticemergencybraking(AEB)毫米波雷达能够快速检测到前方车辆的突然减速或障碍物，为自动紧急制动系统提供准确数据，及时采取制动措施，避免碰撞。Themillimeterwaveradarcanquicklydetectthesuddendecelerationofthevehicleaheadorobstaclesahead,provideaccuratedatafortheautomaticemergencybrakingsystem,andtakebrakingmeasuresintimetoavoidcollision.交通拥堵辅助（TJA）Trafficjamassist(TJA)在交通拥堵场景中，毫米波雷达持续监测周围车辆动态，支持车辆自动跟停和起步，提升驾驶舒适性和安全性。Intrafficcongestionscenarios,millimeterwaveradarcontinuouslymonitorstheconditionsofsurroundingvehiclesandsupportsautomaticfollowing,stoppingandstartingofvehiclestoimprovedrivingcomfortandsafety.自动泊车与交通监测新蓝海AutomaticParkingandTrafficMonitoring1自动泊车：毫米波雷达在自动泊车中发挥关键作用，通过高精度探测，扫描车辆周围的立柱和路沿，为自动泊车系统提供厘米级精度的点云数据，确保车辆安全泊入车位。Automaticparking：Millimeterwaveradarplaysakeyroleinautomaticparking.Throughhigh-precisiondetection,itscansthepillarsandcurbsaroundthevehicleandprovidescentimeter-levelprecisionpointclouddatafortheautomaticparkingsystem,ensuringthatthevehicleissafelyparkedintheparkingspace.2智能交通监测：在智能交通领域，毫米波雷达被安装在路口，用于监测车流量和行人动态，为信号灯自适应控制提供数据支持，优化交通流量，提升交通效率。Intelligenttrafficmonitoring：Inthefieldofintelligenttraffic,themillimeterwaveradarsareinstalledatintersectionstomonitortrafficflowandpedestrianconditions,providedatasupportforadaptivecontrolofsignallights,optimizetrafficflow,andimprovetrafficefficiency.多传感器融合的生存法则SurvivalRulesofMulti-sensorIntegration谷歌第5代无人驾驶汽车智能传感器的配置theconfigurationofGoogle's5thgenerationautonomousvehicleintelligentsensor多传感器融合Multi-sensorintegration毫米波雷达与摄像头、激光雷达等传感器融合，形成互补优势。在恶劣天气下，毫米波雷达数据权重上升，晴天则视觉数据权重更高。融合算法通过动态加权，实现全场景冗余，确保系统稳定可靠。Intheindustry,therangingprecisionofbinocularcamerasisusuallywithin±5%,meetingtheneedsofaideddriving.一分钟回顾三大关键词BriefReviewofThreeKeywords▶定义：毫米波雷达是一种工作在30-300GHz频率范围、波长1-10mm的传感器，具有抗恶劣天气、远距离探测和高分辨率的核心优势。Definition:Millimeterwaveradarisasensorthatoperatesinthe