【《酚类污染物的处理方法分析综述》3700字】

酚类污染物的处理方法分析综述考虑到上述酚类污染物给人类健康带来的危害，科研工作者在研究高效廉价的技术方面投入了大量的工作并用来处理废水中的酚类污染物。到目前为止，工业上处理含酚废水主要包括化学法ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[13]、生化法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>许丽萍</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>214</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>214</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615711010">214</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">许丽萍</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">福建省漳州市环境集团</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">生化法污水处理技术探讨</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">环境与发展</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>环境与发展</full-title></periodical><pages>50-51</pages><volume>32</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>污水处理</keyword><keyword>生化法</keyword><keyword>技术分析</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>2095-672X</isbn><call-num>15-1369/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]和物理化学法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>范荣桂</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>134</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>134</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615553903">134</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">范荣桂</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">高海娟</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">李贤</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">含酚废水综合治理新技术及其研究进展</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">水处理技术</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>水处理技术</full-title></periodical><pages>5-8</pages><volume>39</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>含酚废水处理</keyword><keyword>高级氧化</keyword><keyword>吸附</keyword><keyword>生物处理技术</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1000-3770</isbn><call-num>33-1127/P</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。1.1化学法化学法是指利用酚类污染物与化学物质进行化学反应来处理含酚废水。其主要包括化学沉淀法、传统氧化法和高级氧化法。（1）化学沉淀法化学沉淀法是在含酚废水中添加某种化学物质，使化学物质与废水中的污染物发生化学反应，从而生成难溶于水的盐沉淀，再经过过滤分离达到去除废水中污染物的目的，一般存在后续处理难度大等问题。（2）传统氧化法传统氧化法是指在工业废水中加入强氧化剂(如臭氧、次氯酸钠、过氧化氢和高猛酸钾等)，使其与水中污染物发生剧烈的氧化还原反应，从而达到净化废水的目的。该技术相对操作工艺简单，无二次污染，氧化能力强和处理效果好。Chen等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>135</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>135</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615554609">135</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chen,Jing</author><author>Qu,Ruijuan</author><author>Pan,Xiaoxue</author><author>Wang,Zunyao</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Oxidativedegradationoftriclosanbypotassiumpermanganate:Kinetics,degradationproducts,reactionmechanism,andtoxicityevaluation</title><secondary-title>WaterResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>WaterResearch</full-title><abbr-1>WaterRes.</abbr-1><abbr-2>WaterRes</abbr-2></periodical><pages>215-223</pages><volume>103</volume><number>15</number><keywords><keyword>Triclosan</keyword><keyword>Permanganate</keyword><keyword>Productidentification</keyword><keyword>Degradationpathway</keyword><keyword>Acutetoxicity</keyword><keyword>Frontierelectrondensity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/10/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0043-1354</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S004313541630553X</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.041</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]使用高锰酸钾氧化降解二氯苯氧氯酚。在温度为25℃，pH为8.0，二氯苯氧氯酚与高锰酸钾的浓度比为1∶2.5的最佳条件下，浓度为20mg/L的二氯苯氧氯酚可以在120s内完全氧化降解。Yang等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yang</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>136</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>136</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615554908">136</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yang,Jingjing</author><author>Zhao,Ji</author><author>Ma,Jun</author><author>Liu,Zheng-Qian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SimultaneousoxidationofphenolandbisphenolAbypermanganate:Synergeticorcompetitiveeffect</title><secondary-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</full-title><abbr-1>Sep.Purif.Technol.</abbr-1><abbr-2>SepPurifTechnol</abbr-2></periodical><pages>271-276</pages><volume>116</volume><number>15</number><keywords><keyword>Permanganate</keyword><keyword>Manganeseintermediates</keyword><keyword>Synergeticeffect</keyword><keyword>Competitiveeffect</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>2013/09/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1383-5866</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S138358661300347X</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.054</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]使用高锰酸盐氧化水中的苯酚和双酚A。结果表明，当苯酚和对酚A共存时，高锰酸盐的氧化行为表现出与单独的苯酚或对酚A氧化完全不同的行为。在弱酸性条件下(pH4.0–6.0)，由于高锰酸盐的氧化过程中所产生的氧化锰，对苯酚和双酚A的氧化速率均会加强。速率会随对酚A初始浓度的增加而增加，随pH的增加而减小，这与氧化锰的氧化能力一致。传统氧化法虽然处理效果好，氧化速率快，但其成本较高，且氧化剂的效果受环境影响较大。因此，在实际酚类废水处理中，传统氧化法与其他方法联用较为常见。（3）高级氧化法高级氧化技术AOPs(AdvancedOxidationProcess)是指在高温高压和催化剂等条件下，利用水溶液中所产生的强氧化性羟基自由基氧化酚类有机污染物，从而降解成小分子物质的技术ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>张欢</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>137</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>137</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555058">137</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">张欢</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">刘永代</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">天津滨海新区环塘污水处理有限公司</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">天津滨海环保产业发展有限公司</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">高级氧化深度处理技术在水处理中的应用研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">资源节约与环保</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>资源节约与环保</full-title></periodical><pages>102-103</pages><volume>95</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>高级氧化法</keyword><keyword>深度处理</keyword><keyword>臭氧</keyword><keyword>芬顿</keyword><keyword>催化反应</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1673-2251</isbn><call-num>12-1377/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]。与传统的氧化剂相比，水中所得到的羟基自由基具有更多的氧化电位，氧化能力更强，能高效的将酚类有机物氧化成CO2，H2O，无机离子和酸ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kanakaraju</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>138</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>138</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555260">138</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kanakaraju,Devagi</author><author>Glass,BeverleyD.</author><author>Oelgemöller,Michael</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Advancedoxidationprocess-mediatedremovalofpharmaceuticalsfromwater:Areview</title><secondary-title>JournalofEnvironmentalManagement</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofEnvironmentalManagement</full-title></periodical><pages>189-207</pages><volume>219</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Removal</keyword><keyword>Pharmaceuticals</keyword><keyword>Wastewater</keyword><keyword>Photocatalysis</keyword><keyword>Advancedoxidationprocesses</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/08/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0301-4797</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0301479718304912</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.103</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]。在高级氧化法中，较常用的Fenton氧化法在处理酚类废水领域有着广泛的应用。Masomboon等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Masomboon</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>139</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>139</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555368">139</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Masomboon,Nalinrut</author><author>Ratanatamskul,Chavalit</author><author>Lu,Ming-Chun</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemicaloxidationof2,6-dimethylanilinebyelectrochemicallygeneratedFenton'sreagent</title><secondary-title>JournalofHazardousMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofHazardousmaterials</full-title><abbr-1>J.Hazard.Mater.</abbr-1><abbr-2>JHazardMater</abbr-2></periodical><pages>92-98</pages><volume>176</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>2,6-Dimethylaniline</keyword><keyword>Electro-Fentonprocess</keyword><keyword>Fentonprocess</keyword><keyword>Hydroxylradicals</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>2010/04/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0304-3894</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0304389409017816</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.003</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]通过Fenton氧化法降解2,6-二甲基苯胺。研究了pH，Fe2+，H2O2和电流密度对2,6-二甲基苯胺氧化效率的影响。结果表明，在溶液pH为2和电流密度为15.89Am-2的条件下，添加1mM的Fe2+和20mM的H2O2，可以在4小时内完全降解1mM的2,6-二甲基苯胺。Kavitha等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kavitha</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>140</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>140</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555539">140</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kavitha,V.</author><author>Palanivelu,K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>DestructionofcresolsbyFentonoxidationprocess</title><secondary-title>WaterResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>WaterResearch</full-title><abbr-1>WaterRes.</abbr-1><abbr-2>WaterRes</abbr-2></periodical><pages>3062-3072</pages><volume>39</volume><number>13</number><keywords><keyword>Cresols</keyword><keyword>Fenton'sreagent</keyword><keyword>Oxidation</keyword><keyword>Aceticacid</keyword><keyword>Oxalicacid</keyword><keyword>Mineralization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>2005/08/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0043-1354</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0043135405002538</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.011</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]通过Fenton氧化法来处理水中含甲酚等酚类污染物。将间歇反应器作为容器以此来探究pH、H2O2和Fe2+加入量对三种甲酚异构体氧化效率的影响。结果表明，在pH为3.0±0.2时，邻甲酚和对甲酚的最佳反应条件为31.64mM的H2O2，0.90mM的Fe2+，然而间甲酚的最佳反应条件为0.72mM的H2O2。在最佳条件下，三种甲酚异构体的降解效率在120min内均能达到82％。Fenton氧化法的优势在于该法的氧化降解速率快、反应装置简易和反应条件温和，但同时需要不断加入Fenton试剂，处理费用较高，因此工业上应用较为常见的是Fenton氧化法与其他技术联用的方法。1.2生物法生物法是指利用微生物的生物吸附或生物代谢作用，将废水中的酚类污染物作为微生物的营养物质而被氧化分解为环境可接受的小分子(如CO2和H2O等)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>刘静萱</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>141</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>141</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555661">141</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>刘静萱</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>邹卫华,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>沙柳基活性炭对水体中染料和酚类物质的吸附研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>沙柳活性炭(SPAC)</keyword><keyword>2</keyword><keyword>4-二氯苯酚</keyword><keyword>邻苯二酚</keyword><keyword>对硝基苯酚</keyword><keyword>茜素红</keyword><keyword>吸附</keyword><keyword>竞争吸附</keyword><keyword>再生</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>郑州大学</publisher><work-type>硕士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]。常用的有活性污泥法、固定化技术和现代生物技术等方法。（1）活性污泥法活性污泥是废水处理中一种广泛使用的生物技术，其成本低，没有二次污染且操作简便ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Maddela</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>142</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>142</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555811">142</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Maddela,NagaRaju</author><author>Sheng,Binbin</author><author>Yuan,Shasha</author><author>Zhou,Zhongbo</author><author>Villamar-Torres,Ronald</author><author>Meng,Fangang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Rolesofquorumsensinginbiologicalwastewatertreatment:Acriticalreview</title><secondary-title>Chemosphere</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Chemosphere</full-title></periodical><pages>616-629</pages><volume>221</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Biofilm</keyword><keyword>Microbialcommunity</keyword><keyword>Quorumquenching</keyword><keyword>Quorumsensing</keyword><keyword>Wastewatertreatment</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/04/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0045-6535</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0045653519300645</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.064</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]。Kamali等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kamali</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>143</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>143</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555902">143</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kamali,Mohammadreza</author><author>Gameiro,Tania</author><author>Costa,MariaElisabete</author><author>Capela,Isabel</author><author>Aminabhavi,TejrajM.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Enhancedbiodegradationofphenolicwastewaterswithacclimatizedactivatedsludge–Akineticstudy</title><secondary-title>ChemicalEngineeringJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalEngineeringJournal</full-title><abbr-1>Chem.Eng.J.</abbr-1><abbr-2>ChemEngJ</abbr-2></periodical><pages>122186</pages><volume>378</volume><number>15</number><keywords><keyword>Phenolicwastewater</keyword><keyword>Activatedsludge</keyword><keyword>Sequencingbatchreactor</keyword><keyword>Degradationkinetics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/12/15/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1385-8947</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S1385894719315803</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122186</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[24]使用混合培养的活性污泥对苯酚进行生物降解。研究了温度，初始苯酚浓度和适应程度对苯酚生物降解的影响。实验表明:适应时间越长和初始浓度越大能够促进苯酚的生物降解速度，而温度没有明显的影响。根据Haldane动力学模型，适应60天后，在pH为6和温度为15~18℃条件下，最大生物降解率(Qmax)达到0.521(g苯酚/gVSS/h)。Mandal等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mandal</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>144</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>144</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615555979">144</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mandal,Ashanendu</author><author>Das,SudipKumar</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Phenoladsorptionfromwastewaterusingclarifiedsludgefrombasicoxygenfurnace</title><secondary-title>JournalofEnvironmentalChemicalEngineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofEnvironmentalChemicalEngineering</full-title></periodical><pages>103259</pages><volume>7</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Adsorption</keyword><keyword>Phenol</keyword><keyword>Wastewater</keyword><keyword>Clarifiedsludge</keyword><keyword>Pseudo-second-order</keyword><keyword>D-Risotherm</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/08/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2213-3437</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S2213343719303823</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103259</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]以碱性氧气炉中的污泥为吸附剂，研究了废水中苯酚的去除率。通过改变pH值，接触时间，吸附剂用量等条件来探究对苯酚的影响。在pH为7，温度为35℃，反应时间为240min，吸附剂用量为20g的条件下，苯酚的最大去除率约为63％。在此最佳条件下，苯酚去除率随苯酚浓度的增加而降低，但随着温度的升高而提高。二级动力学模型和D–R等温线模型更好地拟合了吸附数据。热力学研究表明该过程是非自发的且吸热的。在生物法处理酚类有机污染物方面，活性污泥法的使用较为广泛，但实际上还存在许多问题有待解决，如易发生污泥膨胀和占地面积大等。活性污泥法对污染物的处理有待优化与改进。（2）固定化技术固定化技术是指利用物理或化学手段，将游离的微生物或酶固定在一定空间区域内处理酚类废水的技术。朱倩等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>朱倩</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>145</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>145</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615556095">145</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">朱倩</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">侯大军</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">武汉霖泉环保科技有限公司玉灵华科技有限公司</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">聚乙烯醇固定化微生物载体的制备及其对氨氮废水的处理研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">环境科学与管理</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>环境科学与管理</full-title></periodical><pages>116-120</pages><volume>43</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>聚乙烯醇</keyword><keyword>固定化微生物</keyword><keyword>载体</keyword><keyword>氨氮</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1674-6139</isbn><call-num>23-1532/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[26]以碳酸钙、戊二醛、聚乙烯醇等原料为细菌所需载体来处理废水中的氮氨，探究了微生物载体对氨氮去除率的影响。研究结果显示，当加入0.3wt%的交联剂时，载体的水溶膨胀性、化学稳定性和微生物的负载量都有所提升。当进水氨氮的浓度为4.0～30.0mg/L时，氨氮去除率可达到90%以上。宋凤敏等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>宋凤敏</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>146</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>146</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615556182">146</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">宋凤敏</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">陕西理工学院化学与环境科学学院</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">固定化包埋多菌灵白菌对印染废水脱色处理实验研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">环境科学与技术</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>环境科学与技术</full-title></periodical><pages>119-123</pages><volume>36</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>印染废水</keyword><keyword>多菌灵白菌</keyword><keyword>包埋条件优化</keyword><keyword>脱色率</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1003-6504</isbn><call-num>42-1245/X</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]使用海藻酸钠对多菌灵降解菌白菌进行包埋固定后处理洋红染料废水。结果表明：在接触时间为3h，温度为30℃，pH为5的情况下，包埋固定技术对废水中染料的去除率达到了96%。固定化技术处理效率高、稳定并能纯化以保持高效菌种，但是，该技术还缺乏性能优良的固定化载体，对固定化微生物的系统研究不足，适用于富营养化水体修复的固定化反应器较少ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>白靖铭</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>147</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[28]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>147</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615556607">147</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">白靖铭</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">;</style></auth-address><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">生物固定化技术在污水处理中的研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">建筑与预算</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>建筑与预算</full-title></periodical><pages>43-46</pages><volume>12</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>生物固定化</keyword><keyword>污水</keyword><keyword>难降解有机物</keyword><keyword>氨氮</keyword><keyword>重金属毒物</keyword><keyword>酚类</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1673-0402</isbn><call-num>21-1286/TU</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[28]，因此大规模应用还存在问题。1.3物理化学法物理化学法是结合物理和化学的综合作用，通过多相界面转移来除去废水中污染物的方法。此法操作简单，且对酚类污染物具有良好的处理效果，在目前处理含酚废水领域中应用较为广泛。常见的物理化学处理过程主要有萃取法、吸附法、膜分离法和电渗析法等。萃取法萃取法的原理主要是利用溶质在水相和有机相中溶解度或分配系数的差异，在溶液内加入较大溶解度或分配系数的萃取剂，充分混合后，通过简单的物理方法将萃取剂从水相中分离而达到净化废水的目的ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>刘静萱</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>152</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>152</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615557790">152</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>刘静萱</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>邹卫华,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>沙柳基活性炭对水体中染料和酚类物质的吸附研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>沙柳活性炭(SPAC)</keyword><keyword>2</keyword><keyword>4-二氯苯酚</keyword><keyword>邻苯二酚</keyword><keyword>对硝基苯酚</keyword><keyword>茜素红</keyword><keyword>吸附</keyword><keyword>竞争吸附</keyword><keyword>再生</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>郑州大学</publisher><work-type>硕士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]。Yu等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yu</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>153</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[29]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>153</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615558061">153</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yu,Pinhua</author><author>Chang,Zhidong</author><author>Ma,Yinchen</author><author>Wang,Senjian</author><author>Cao,Hongbin</author><author>Hua,Chao</author><author>Liu,Huizhou</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Separationofp-Nitrophenolando-Nitrophenolwiththree-liquid-phaseextractionsystem</title><secondary-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SeparationandPurificationTechnology</full-title><abbr-1>Sep.Purif.Technol.</abbr-1><abbr-2>SepPurifTechnol</abbr-2></periodical><pages>199-206</pages><volume>70</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>Three-liquid-phaseextraction</keyword><keyword>-Nitrophenol</keyword><keyword>Partitioncoefficient</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>2009/12/10/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1383-5866</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S1383586609004055</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.09.016</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[29]选择三种含正己烷的不同分子量的聚乙二醇液相萃取体系来处理含对对硝基苯酚(4-NP)和邻硝基苯酚(o-NP)的模拟废水。实验结果表明，溶液的pH值和萃取剂类型对4-NP和o-NP的萃取效果有较大影响。在pH=4时，约85%的o-NP和90%的4-NP可同时被萃取到有机相顶部和中部。用10wt％的氢氧化钠反萃一次后，可从有机相顶部获得高回收率的o-NP。当中间相用乙酸丁酯(BA)反萃两次后，对4-NP的去除率可达到95％。Shahriari等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shahriari</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>154</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[30]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>154</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2dpadxfp6atxd4ezts4v20d1xsve9axfdaz5"timestamp="1615558429">154</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shahriari,Mohadeseh</author><author>Akhavan,Zahra</author><author>Khayati,Gholam</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PhaseDiagramStudyofPolymer-Salt-BasedAqueousTwo-PhaseSystemsforExtractionofp-Nitrophenol</title><secondary-title>JournalofChemical&EngineeringData</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofChemical&EngineeringData</full-title></periodical><pages>5101-5109</pages><volume>65</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2020</year><pub-dates><date>2020/11/12</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>0021-9568</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/acs.jced.0c00227</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.jced.0c00227</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[30]通过双水相体系(ATPS)研究了4-NP的分离和提取，并探讨了不同温度、不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)及其盐类对体系分离的影响。结果表明体系对4-NP的萃取率随聚合物分子量的增加而降低，随聚合物浓度的增加而增加。此外，探究了298.15、305.15和313.15K三个温度对4-NP萃取的影响，结果表明随着温度的升高，对4-NP的萃取效果呈下降趋势。由磷酸氢二钾(30%w/w)和PEG1000(40%w/w)组成的ATPS对4-NP萃取效果最好，萃取率能达