2025年考研英语高频核心词汇解析

previous/'pri:vias/|CET4TEM4

l.ADJApreviouseventorthingisonethathappenedorexistedbeforetheonethat

youaretalkingabout.

例：Shehasateenagedaughterfromapreviousmarriage.

2.ADJYourefertotheperiodoftimeorthethingimmediatelybeforetheonethat

youaretalkingaboutasthepreviousone.

/列：Itwasasurprisinglydrydayaftertherainofthepreviousweek.

infect/in'fektjnvfckt/v.［T］

l.togivesomeoneadisease

传染

［例］Peoplewiththevirusmayfeelperfectlywell,buttheycanstillinfectothers.带

有这种病毒的人也许毫无症状，却仍也许传染他人。

［+with］

［例］thenumberofpeopleinfectedwithHIV艾滋病病毒感染者的数目

2.［usuallypassive,一般用被动态］tomakesomethingcontainsomethingharmful

thatgivespeopleadisease

污染（使致病）

［+with］

［例］Eggsknowntobeinfectedwithsalmonellawereallowedtogoonsale.已知带

有沙门氏菌的鸡蛋被容许销售。

3.ifafeelingorinterestthatyouhaveinfectsotherpeople,itmakesthembeginto

feelthesamewayorhavethesameinterest

（某种感情或爱好）感染，影响（他人）

［例］Lucy'senthusiasmsooninfectedtherestoftheclass.露西的热情很快就感染

了班里的其他人。

4.ifavirusinfectsyourcomputerordisk,itchangesordestroystheinformationinor

onit

（计算机病毒）使感染

controversy/'kDntr9V3：si/|CET4TEM4

N-VARControversyisalotofdiscussionandargumentaboutsomething,often

involvingstrongfeelingsofangerordisapproval.

例：Theproposedcutshavecausedconsiderablecontroversy.

controvert/'kontravs:1,kontravsl/

vt.

L反驳，反驳；驳斥；否认：

Thestatementofthelastwitnesscontrovertedtheevidenceofthefirsttwo.

最终一种见证人的陈说反驳了前两个人的证词

2.争论，辩论；讨论：

Thisisaquestionmuchcontrovertedbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

这是一种在老年人与年轻人之间争论不休的问题。

tremble/'trembal/|CET4TEM4

l.V-lIfyoutremble,youshakeslightlybecauseyouarefrightenedorcold.颤动

彳列：Hismouthbecamedry,hiseyeswidened,andhebegantotrembleallover.

他嘴巴干涩，眼睛睁大，并且开始全身发抖。

例：Lisawaswhiteandtremblingwithanger.

莉萨气得脸色发白，身体颤动。

2.N-SINGTrembleisalsoanoun.颤动

彳列：Iwillneverforgettrielookonthepatient'sface.,thetrembleinhishand.

我将永远不会忘抻那病人脸上的表情和他颤动的手。

3.V-IIfsomethingtrembles,itshakesslightly.（轻微地）颤动

彳列：Hefelttheearthtrembleunderhim.

他感觉大地在脚下颤动。

4.V-IIfyourvoicetrembles,itsoundsunsteadyanduncertain,usuallybecauseyou

areupsetornervous.（声音）发颤

例：Hisvoicetrembled,onthevergeoftears.

他的声音颤动着，就要落下泪来。

5.N-SINGTrembleisalsoanoun.（声音的）发颤

彳列："Pleaseunderstandthis,"shebegan,atrembleinhervoice.

“请理解这个”，她开始用颤动的声音说道。

atthethought

一想到

inquestion

讨论中的；成问题的；考虑中的

mean/mi:n/

l.N-SINGThemeanisanumberthatistheaverageofasetofnumbers.平均数

例：Takeahundredandtwentyvaluesandcalculatethemean.

取120个值计算平均数。

2.ADJintermediateormediuminsize,quantity,etc（尺寸、数量等）中间的;中等的

3.

一seealsomeans

supervise/su:p3vaiz/|CET4TEM4

V-TIfyousuperviseanactivityoraperson,youmakesurethattheactivityisdone

correctlyorthatthepersonisdoingataskorbehavingcorrectly.

例J：AteamwassenttosupervisetheelectionsinNicaragua.

paradoxical/.paeradoksikal/|TEM8

l.ADJIfsomethingisparadoxical,itinvolvestwofactsorqualitiesthatseemto

contradicteachother.自相矛盾的

彳列：Somesedativesproducetheparadoxicaleffectofmakingthepersonmore

anxious.

某些镇静剂产生出使人更紧张这样自相矛盾的成果。

2.ADV自相矛盾地

例：Paradoxically,thelessyouhavetodothemoreyoumayresenttheworkthat

doescomeyourway.

自相矛盾的是，你要做的事情越少，就越是对忽然落在你身上的工作不满。

incompatible/inkampaetabal/|CET6TEM8

l.ADJIfonethingorpersonisincompatiblewithanothectheyareverydifferentin

importantways,anddonotsuiteachotheroragreewitheachother.不相容的；不

协调的

例：Theyfeelstronglythattheirreligionisincompatiblewiththepoliticalsystem.

他们强烈地感到他们的宗教信奉与政治体制格格不入。

2.N-UNCOUNT不相容

仞］:Incompatibilitybetweenthemother'sandthebaby'sbloodgroupsmaycause

jaundice.

母亲和胎儿的血型不合有也许导致黄疸。

3.ADJIfonetypeofcomputerorcomputersystemisincompatiblewithanother,they

cannotusethesameprogramsorbelinkedup.不兼容的

例：Thismadeitsmini-computersincompatiblewithitsmainframes.

这使得它的微型电脑与其主机不兼容。

susceptible/sasEptabal/|CET6TEM8

l.ADJIfyouaresusceptibletosomethingorsomeone,youareverylikelytobe

influencedbythem.易受…影响的

例：Youngpeoplearethemostsusceptibletoadvertisements.

年轻人最轻易受广告影响。

例：Jameswasextremelysusceptibletoflattery.

詹姆斯非常轻易受奉承话的影响。

2.ADJIfyouaresusceptbletoadiseaseorinjury,youareverylikelytobeaffectedby

it.易受（伤）的；易患（病）的

例J：Walkingwithweightsmakestheshouldersverysusceptibletoinjury.

负重行走使肩膀很轻易受伤。

wornout

l.ADJSomethingthatiswornoutissoold,damaged,orthinfromusethatitcannot

beusedanymore.破旧不堪的;报废的

彳列：Carbuyerstendtoreplaceworn-outtyreswiththesamebrand.

汽车的买主们倾向于用同一品牌的轮胎更换废旧轮胎。

2.ADJSomeonewhoiswornoutisextremelytiredafterhardworkoradifficultor

unpleasantexperience.疲惫不堪的

例：Beforetherace,heisfine.Butafterwardsheiswornout.

比赛前，他状态良好。但在赛后，他就疲惫不堪了。

visibly/'vizibli/vizabli,svizabh/adv.AC

inawaythatiseasytoseeornotice

显然，明显地，显而易见地

visiblyshaken/shocked/upsetetc

［例］Shewasvisiblyshakenbythenews.那消息显然使她大为震惊。

wearandtear/wearantEa/

N-UNCOUNTWearandtearisthedamageorchangethatiscausedtosomething

whenitisbeingusednormally.损耗

彳列：...theproblemofwearandtearontheequipmentintheharshdesertconditions.

…在恶劣的沙漠环境下设备损耗的问题。

interpersonal/jnta'ps^anal/|TEM4

ADJInterpersonalmeansrelatingtorelationshipsbetweenpeople.人际的

彳列：Trainingininterpersonalskillsisessential.

多种人际交往技巧的训练是非常必要的。

paycheck/'pei'tjek/

n.

［美国英语］付薪金用的支票；薪金，工资

obligation/（Dbli'geiJan/|CET4TEM4

l.N-VARIfyouhaveanobligationtodosomething,itisyourdutytodothatthing.

义务

彳列：Whenteachersassignhomework,studentsusuallyfeelanobligationtodoit.

老师布置家庭作业时，学生们一般感觉做作业是一种义务。

2.N-VARIfyouhaveanobligationtoaperson,itisyourdutytotakecareofthemor

protecttheirinterests.义务;责任

例：TheUnitedStateswilldothatwhichisnecessarytomeetitsobligationstoits

owncitizens.

美国会尽其对国民应尽的义务。

3.PHRASEInadvertisements,ifaproductoraserviceisavailablewithoutobligation,

youdonothavetopayforthatproductorserviceuntilyouhavetrieditandare

satisfiedwithit.无义务地

例：Ifyouaresellingyourproperty,whynotcallusforafreevaluationwithout

obligation.

假如你打算发售房产，为何不打电话让我们做个免费的评估呢。

diffuse/di'fju:z/|CET6TEM4

l.V-T/V-lIfsomethingsuchasknowledgeorinformationisdiffused,orifitdiffuses

somewhere,itismadeknownoverawideareaortoalotofpeople.传播（知识、消

息等）；散布

彳列：Overtime,however;thetechnologyisdiffusedandadoptedbyothercountries.

然而，伴随时间的推移，这项技术在其他国家得以传播并使用。

例J：...todiffusenewideasobtainedfromelsewhere.

…传播从别处获得的新思想。

2.N-UNCOUNT（对知识、消息等的）传播；散布

彳列：...thedevelopmentanddiffusionofideas.

…思想的发展和传播。

3.V-TTodiffuseafeeling,especiallyanundesirableone,meanstocauseittoweaken

andloseitspowertoaffectpeople.缓和;消除

彳列：Thepresidentswillmeettotryanddiffusethetensionsthatthreatentoreignite

theconflict.

总统们将举行会面以试图缓和也许重新引起冲突的紧张局面。

4.V-TIfsomethingdiffuseslight,itcausesthelighttospreadweaklyindifferent

directions.使（光线）漫射

例：Diffusingalightalsoreducesitspower.

使光线漫射也会减弱其能量。

5.V-ITodiffuseorbediffusedthroughsomethingmeanstomoveandspreadthrough

it.扩散

例J：Itallowsnicotinetodiffuseslowlyandsteadilyintothebloodstream.

它使尼古丁缓慢、稳步地扩散到血液当中。

6.N-UNCOUNT扩散

例：Therearedataontheratesofdiffusionofmolecules.

有某些有关分子的扩散速率的数据。

restwith

1.取决于；得靠：

Thematterrestswithyou.

这件事取决于你了。

Itrestswiththeheadmastertomakethedecision.

决策要由校长来制定。

2.在…手中；存在于：归属于：

Allpowerrestswiththepeople.

一切权力属于人民。

scientificendeavor

科学探索

archive/'a:kaiv/|CET6+TEM8

l.N-COUNTArchivesareacollectionofdocumentsandrecordsthatcontainhistorical

information.Youcanalsousearchivestorefertotheplacewherearchivesarestored.

档案；档案馆

例：...theStateLibrary'sarchives.

…国立图书馆的档案。

2.ADJArchivematerialisinformationthatcomesfromarchives.记入档案的

例：...archivematerial.

…档案资料。

3.V-TIfyouarchivematerialsuchasdocumentsordata,youstoreitinanarchive.

把…存档

例J：Thesystemwillarchivetheinformationsoagenciescanreviewitindetail.

该系统会将该信息存档，以便各代理机构能对其详细审阅

hybrid/'haibnd/|CET6+TEM8

l.N-COUNTAhybridisananimalorplantthathasbeenbredfromtwodifferent

speciesofanimalorplant.杂交种

例：Allthesebrightlycolouredhybridsaresolovelyinthegarden.

园中所有这些色彩鲜艳的杂交植物量好看。

2.ADJHybridisalsoanadjective.杂交的

例：...thehybridcornseed.

…杂交玉米种子。

3.N-COUNTAhybridorahybridcarisacarthatcanbepoweredbyeitherpetrolor

electricity.混合动力汽车

彳列：Hybrids,unlikepureelectriccars,neverneedtobepluggedin.

混合动力汽车，不像纯电动汽车，从不需要接电源。

例；HybridcarscangoalmostGOOmilesbetweenrefuelling.

混合动力汽车加满油能行驶将近六百英里。

4.N-COUNTYoucanusehybridtorefertoanythingthatisamixtureofotherthings,

especiallytwootherthings.混合物

例：...ahybridofsolidandliquidfuel.

…固体和液体燃料的混合。

5.ADJHybridisalsoanadjective.混合的

例：...ahybridsystem.

---种混合系统。

facilitate/fasih.teit/|CET4TEM4

V-TTofacilitateanactionorprocess,especiallyonethatyouwouldliketohappen,

meanstomakeiteasierormorelikelytohappen.

例J：Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.

frame/freim/|CET4TEM4

l.N-COUNTTheframeofapictureormirroristhewood,metal,orplasticthatis

fittedaroundit,especiallywhenitisdisplayedorhungonawall.框架

［列：Estellekeptaphotographofhermotherinasilverframeonthekitchen

mantelpiece.

埃丝特尔把她母亲的一张照片放在厨房壁炉架上的银质相框里。

2.N-COUNTYoucanrefertosomeone'sbodyastheirframe,especiallywhenyouare

describingthegeneralshapeoftheirbody.身躯

彳列：Theirbeltsarepulledtightagainsttheirbonyframes.

他们的腰带紧裹着瘦骨嶙峋的躯体。

obscure/abskjua/|CET6TEM4

l.ADJIfsomethingorsomeoneisobscure,theyareunknown,orareknownbyonlya

fewpeople.鲜为人知的

例：Theoriginofthecustomisobscure.

该习俗的来源鲜为人知。

2.ADJSomethingthatisobscureisdifficulttounderstandordealwith,usually

becauseitinvolvessomanypartsordetails.复杂难懂的；难处理的

彳列：Thecontractsarewritteninobscurelanguage.

那些协议是用复杂难懂的语言写的。

3.V-TIfonethingobscuresanother,itpreventsitfrombeingseenorheardproperly.

遮掩

例：Treesobscuredhisvision;hecouldn'tseemuchofthesquare'ssouthernhalf.

树木遮住了他的视线，他不怎么看得见广场南半部。

4.V-TToobscuresomethingmeanstomakeitdifficuttounderstand.使…难懂

彳列：...thejargonthatfrequentlyobscureseducationalwriting.

…常使教学行文变得复杂难懂的术语。

recruit/nkru:t/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfyourecruitpeopleforanorganization,youselectthemandpersuadethemto

joinitorworkforit.

例：ThepolicearetryingtorecruitmoreblackandHispanicofficers.

彳列：ShesetupherstandtorecruitstudentstotheAnarchistAssociation.

2.N-UNCOUNT

例J：Abombexplodedatanarmyrecruitingoffice.

3.N-COUNTArecruitisapersonwhohasrecentlyjoinedanorganizationoranarmy.

例：...anewrecruittotheLAPoliceDepartment.

commonpractice

通例；习惯作法

notably/nautabli/

l.ADVYouusenotablytospecifyanimportantortypicalexampleofsomethingthat

youaretalkingabout,尤其

例：Thedivorcewouldbegrantedwhenmoreimportantproblems,notablythefate

ofthechildren,hadbeendecided.

当更重要的问题，尤其是孩子们的命运被决定期，离婚就会获得同意。

2.ADVYoucanusenotablytoemphasizeaparticularqualitythatsomeoneor

somethinghas.明显地

例：Oldestablishedfriendsarenotablyabsent,soit'sagoodopportunitytomake

newcontacts.

老朋友们显然都已不在身边，因此这是结交新朋友的一种好机会。

protein/'prautiin/|CET4TEM4

N-MASSProteinisasubstancefoundinfoodanddrinksuchasmeat,eggs,andmilk.

Youneedproteininordertogrowandbehealthy.蛋白质

例：Fishwasamajorsourceofproteinfortheworkingman.

鱼曾是劳动者获取蛋白质的重要来源。

infection/infekjan/|CET4TEM4

l.N-COUNTAninfectionisadiseasecausedbygermsorbacteria.传染病

/列：Earinfectionsarecommoninpreschoolchildren.

耳朵感染在学前小朋友中很常见。

secular/sekjula/|CET6TEM4

ADJYouuseseculartodescribethingsthathavenoconnectionwithreligion.非宗教

的

例：Hespokeaboutpreservingthecountryasasecularstate.

他谈到保持该国的非宗教国性质。

短语

l.Secular世俗；非周期性；长期性；修道院外的

2,Secularmusic世俗音乐；世俗音乐；任意妄为及混进俗乐

3.secularstate世俗国家；世俗国

短语

l.seculartrend长期趋势；世俗趋势；百年趋势；长期趋向

2.secularvariationtrend长期变化趋势；超长期变化趋势

3.theseculargrowthtrend生长发育长期趋势

substantial/sabstaenfal/|CET4TEM4

ADJSubstantialmeanslargeinamountordegree.大量的；很大程度的

［列：Asubstantialnumberofmotherswithyoungchildrenaredeterredfrom

undertakingpaidworkbecausetheylackaccesstochildcare.

诸多有小孩的母亲找不到人照顾小孩，从而无法从事有薪工作。

impose/im'pauz/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfyouimposesomethingonpeople,youuseyourauthoritytoforcethemto

acceptit.强制实行

例：Finesareimposedonretailerswhoselltobaccotominors.

向未成年人销售烟草制品的零售商要被强制罚款。

例：AthirdofcompaniesreviewingpaysincelastAugusthaveimposedapayfreeze

ofuptoayear.

自去年8月以来，在审检工资发放的企业中，有三分之一已经强行实行工资冻结

长达1年。

2.N-UNCOUNT强制实行

例：...theimpositionofsanctionsagainstPakistan.

…对巴基斯坦制裁的强制实行。

3.V-TIfyouimposeyouropinionsorbeliefsonetherpeople,youtryandmake

peopleacceptthemasaruleorasamodeltocopy.把（观点、信奉等）强加于

例J：Parentsshouldbewareofimposingtheirowntastesontheirchildren.

父母应当提防把自己的爱好强加给孩子。

4.V-TIfsomethingimposesstrain,pressure,orsufferingonsomeone,itcausesthem

toexperienceit.使承受（令人不快之事物）

例：Thefilmingimposedanadditionalstrainonher.

影片拍摄使她承受了额外的压力。

5.V-IIfsomeoneimposesonyou,theyunreasonablyexpectyoutodosomethingfor

themwhichyoudonotwanttodo.不合理地规定

例：Iwasafraidyou'dfeelwewereimposingonyou.

我紧张你会觉得我们在不合理地规定你。

6.N-COUNT不合理的规定

例：Iknowthisisanimposition.Butpleasehearmeout.

我懂得这是个不合理的规定，但请听我把话说完。

7.V-TIfsomeoneimposesthemselvesonyou,theyforceyoutoaccepttheircomoany

althoughyoumaynotwantto.使强迫接受

例：Ididn'twanttoimposemyselfonmymarriedfriends.

我不想硬要我的已婚朋友们接受我。

extract|CET6

l.V-TToextractasubstancemeanstoobtainitfromsomethingelse,forexample,by

usingindustrialorchemicalprocesses.提炼;提取

彳列：...thetraditionalmethodofpickandshoveltoextractcoal.

…用锄和铲采煤的老式措施。

例J：Citricacidcanbeextractedfromthejuiceoforanges,lemons,limesorgrapefruit.

柠檬酸可以从橙汁、柠檬汁、酸橙汁或柚子汁中提取。

2.N-UNCOUNT提炼；提取

例：Petroleumengineersplanandmanagetheextractionofoil.

石油工程师们规划并管理石油的提炼。

3.V-TIfyouextractsomethingfromaplace,youtakeitoutorpullitout.取出

例：Heextractedasmallnotebookfromhishippoc<et.

他从臀后口袋拿出了一本小笔记簿。

4.V-TWhenadentistextractsatooth,theyremoveitfromthepatient'smouth.拔

（牙）

彳列：Adentistmaydecidetoextractthetoothtopreventrecurrenttrouble.

牙医也许会决定拔掉这颗牙，以防复发。

5.N-VAR拔牙

彳列：Inthosedays,dentistrywasbasic.Extractionswerecarriedoutwithout

anaesthetic.

那时牙科学刚起步，拔牙是在没有麻药的状况下进行的。

6.V-TIfyousaythatsomeoneextractssomething,youdisapproveofthembecause

theytakeitforthemselvestogainanadvantage.谋取

例J：Hesoughttoextractthemaximumpoliticaladvantagefromthecutininterest

rates.

他力图从利息削减中谋取最大的政治利益。

7.V-TIfyouextractinformationoraresponsefromsomeone,yougetitfromthem

withdifficulty,becausetheyareunwillingtosayordowhatyouwant.探取（消息、

反应）

例：Hemadethemistakeoftryingtoextractfurtherinformationfromourdirector.

他犯了想从我们主任那里探取深入信息的错误。

8.V-TIfyouextractaparticularpieceofinformation,youobtainitfromalarger

amountorsourceofinformation.摘取（信息）

彳列：I'vesimplyextractedafewfigures.

我只是摘取了某些数据。

例J：Britain'stradefigurescannolongerbeextractedfromexport-and-iirport

documentationatports.

英国的贸易数字再也不能从各港口的进出口文献中摘取了。

9.V-TPASSIVEIfpartofabookortextisextractedfromaparticularbook,itisprinted

orpublished.（从书中）摘录

例：Thismaterialhasbeenextractedfrom"CollinsGoodWoodHandbook."

该资料摘自《柯林斯良木手册》。

10.N-COUNTAnextractfromabookorpieceofwritingisasmallpartofitthatis

printedorpublishedseparately.摘录；选段

例：Readthisextractfromaninformationbookletabouttheworkofanairlinecabin

crew.

阅读这个航空企业机务员工作信息手册的选段。

ll.N-MASSExtractisaveryconcentratedliquidthatisusedforflavouringfoodorfor

itssmell.高浓缩汁液

例J：Blendinthevanillaextract,lemonpeel,andwalnuts.

调和香草精、柠檬皮和核桃。

spur/sp3：/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfonethingspursyoutodoanother,itencouragesyoutodoit.鼓动;鼓励

例：It'sthemoneythatspursthesefishermentoriskalongoceanjourneyintheir

flimsyboats.

是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

2.PHRASALVERBSpuronmeansthesameas.鼓动；鼓励（同）（spur）

彳列：Theirattitude,ratherthanreininghimback,onlyseemedtospurPhilipon.

他们的态度非但没令菲利普回头，似乎只是鼓励他继续下去。

3.V-TIfsomethingspursachangeorevent,itmakesithappenfasterorsooner,f更更

快发生；加速

例：Theadministrationmayputmoreemphasisonspurringeconomicgrowth.

政府也许会愈加重视经济的加紧增长。

4.N-COUNTSomethingthatactsasaspurtosomethingelseencouragesapersonor

organizationtodothatthingormakesithappenmorequickly.增进原因;推进

例：...abeliefincompetitionasaspurtoefficiency.

…一种认为竞争能增进效率提高的观点。

5.PHRASEIfyoudosomethingonthespurofthemoment,youdoitsuddenly,

withoutplanningitbeforehand.——时冲动之下

例J：Theyadmittedtheyhadtakenavehicleonthespurofthemoment.

他们承认一时冲动之下偷了一辆车。

infancy/'infansi/|TEM4

l.N-UNCOUNTInfancyistheperiodofyourlifewhenyouareaveryyoungchild.婴

儿期

才列：...thedevelopmentofthemindfrominfancyonwards.

…从婴儿期开始的智力开发。

2.N-UNCOUNTIfsomethingisinitsinfancy,itisnewandhasnotdevelopedvery

much.初期

例：Computingsciencewasstillinitsinfancy.

计算机科学仍然处在初期阶段。

hamper/haempa/|CET6TEM8

l.V-TIfsomeoneorsomethinghampersyou,theymakeitdifficultforyoutodowhat

youaretryingtodo.阻碍

例J：Thebadweatherhamperedrescueoperations.

恶劣的天气阻碍了救济行动。

2.N-COUNTAhamperisabasketcontainingfoodofvariouskindsthatisgivento

peopleasapresent.礼品大篮子

｛列：...aluxuryfoodhamper.

…一种豪华的食物礼品篮。

3.N-COUNTAhamperisalargebasketwithalid,usedespeciallyforcarryingfood.

有盖大篮（尤装食品）

例：...apicnichamper.

…一种野炊篮子。

4.N-COUNTAhamperisastoragecontainerforsoiledlaundry.洗衣篮

例：Hetossedhisdamptowelintothelaundryhamper.

他把湿毛巾抛入洗衣篮里。

distaste/disteist/|TEM8

N-UNCOUNTIfyoufeeldistasteforsomeoneorsomething,youdislikethemand

considerthemtobeunpleasant,disgusting,orimmoral.

彳列：Heprofessedaviolentdistasteforeverythingrelatedtocommerce,production,

andmoney.

formula/'f3：mjula/|CET4TEM4

l.N-COUNTAformulaisaplanthatisinventedinordertodealwithaparticular

problem.方案

例：...apeaceformula.

---项和平方案。

2.N-COUNTAformulaisagroupofletters,numbers,orothersymbolswhich

representsascientificormathematicalrule.公式

/列：Hedevelopedamathematicalformuladescribingthedistancesoftheplanets

fromtheSun.

他提出了一种描述各行星与太阳之间距离的数学公式。

3.N-COUNTInscience,theformulaforasubstanceisalistoftheamountsofvarious

substanceswhichmakeupthatsubstance,oranindicationoftheatomsthatitis

composedof.分子式

彳列：Glucoseandfructosehavethesamechemicalformulabuthaveverydifferent

properties.

葡萄糖和果糖具有相似的化学分子式但有很不一样的特性。

4.N-SINGAformulaforaparticularsituation,usuallyagoodone,isacourseofaction

oracombinationofactionsthatiscertainorlikelytoresultinthatsituation.（至lj达一

般为好的结局的）行动方案

例：Afterhewasofficiallypronouncedtheworld'soldestman,heofferedthissimple

formulaforalongandhappylife.

在他被正式宣布为世界上最老的人之后，他提供了这一长寿和幸福生活的简朴措

施。

conclude/kanklu:d/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TIfyouconcludethatsomethingistrue,youdecidethatitistrueusingthefacts

youknowasabasis.断定

例：LarryhadconcludedthathehadnochoicebuttoacceptPaul'swordsasthe

truth.

拉里断定他别无选择，只能相信保罗所说为实。

/列：Sowhatcanweconcludefromthisdebate?

那么从这场辩论中我们能推断出什么呢？

2.V-T/V-IWhenyouconclude,yousaythelastthingthatyouaregoingtosay.结束

（说话）

例："It'sawasteoftime/'heconcluded.

“这是挥霍时间，”他最终说道。

3.V-T/V-IWhensomethingconcludes,orwhenyouconcludeit,youendit.使…结束;

结束

例J：Theeveningconcludedwithdinnerandspeeches.

这个夜晚以晚宴和演讲告一段落。

4.V-TIfonepersonorgroupconcludesanagreement,suchasatreatyorbusiness

deal,withanother,theyarrangeit.Youcanalsosaythattwopeopleorgroups

concludeanagreement.至U达（协议）

［列：MexicoandthePhilippineshavebothconcludedagreementswiththeir

commercialbankcreditors.

墨西哥和菲律宾双方都与他们的商业银行债权人到达了协议。

nowthat

既然；由于

tentative/'tEntativ/|CET6TEM8

l.ADJTentativeagreements,plans,orarrangementsarenotdefiniteorcertain,but

havebeenmadeasafirststep.初步的

彳列：Politicalleadershavereachedatentativeagreementtoholdapreparatory

conferencenextmonth.

政治领导人已经就下个月召开准备会到达初步协议。

2.ADV初步地

彳列：ThenextroundoftalksistentativelyscheduledtobeginOctober21stin

Washington.

下一轮谈判初步定在10月21日于华盛顿进行。

3.ADJIfsomeoneistentative,theyarecautiousandnotveryconfidentbecausethey

areuncertainorafraid.踌躇的

1列：Myfirstattemptsatcomplainingwerekindoftentative.

我头几次的投诉尝试均有点儿踌躇。

4.ADV踌躇地

彳列：Perhaps,hesuggestedtentatively,theyshouldsendforDr.Esteves.

他犹踌躇豫地提议道，他们也许应当派人去请埃斯特维斯医生。

fleshout

PHRASALVERBIfyoufleshoutsomethingsuchasastoryorplan,youadddetailsand

moreinformationtoit.充实（故事或计划等）

例：Permissionforav/arehousedevelopmenthasalreadybeengrantedandthe

developersaremerelyfleshingoutthedetails.

货仓开发的许可证已获同意，开发商只是在充实细节。

relevant/rdivant/|CET4TEM4

ADJSomethingthatisrelevanttoasituationorpersonisimportantorsignificantin

thatsituationortothatperson.

例：Isreligionstillrelevanttomostpeople'slives?

processor/prausesa/

l.N-COUNTAprocessoristhepartofacomputerthatinterpretscommandsand

performstheprocessestheuserhasrequested.（电脑）处理器

2.

fseealsofoodprocessor-*seealsowordprocessor

3.N-COUNTAprocessorissomeoneorsomethingwhichcarriesoutaprocess.加I"

者；加工物

例：Thefrozen-foodindustrycouldbesuppliedentirelybygrowersandprocessors

outsidethecountry.

冷冻食品行业可以完全由国外的种植者们和加工者们供应。

substantiate/sab'staenjieit/|TEM8

V-TTosubstantiateastatementorastorymeanstosupplyevidencewhichproves

thatitistrue.证明

例：Thereislittlescientificevidencetosubstantiatetheclaims.

几乎没有能证明这些断言的科学证据。

abrupt/a'brApt/|CET4TEM4

l.ADJAnabruptchangeoractionisverysudden,ofteninawaythatisunpleasant.

骤然的

彳列：Rosie'sidyllicworldcametoanabruptendwhenherparents'marriagebrokeup.

当她的父母婚姻破裂后，罗茜的田园诗一般的世界骤然结束了。

2.ADV骤然地

例：Hestoppedabruptlyandlookedmyway.

他忽然停住，向我看了过来。

3.ADJSomeonewhoisabruptspeaksinarude,unfriendlyway.唐突的

例：Hewasabrupttothepointofrudeness.

他唐突到了无礼的地步。

4.ADV唐突地

例："Goodnight,then/'shesaidabruptly.

“那么，晚安”，她唐突地说道。

wordy/w3：di/

ADJIfyoudescribeaperson'sspeechorsomethingthattheywriteaswordy,you

disapproveofthefactthattheyusetoomanywords,especiallywordswhicharevery

long,formal,orliterary.冗长的；过于正式的

例：Thechapterismostlywordyrhetoric.

这一章多半是冗长的华丽词藻。

compensate/'kompEn.seit/|CET4TEM4

l.V-TTocompensatesomeoneformoneyorthingsthattheyhavelost,meanstopay

themmoneyorgivethemsomethingtoreplacethosethings.赔偿（损失）

彳列：Thedamagesaredesignedtocompensatevictimsfortheirdirectlosses.

该赔偿金是用来赔偿受害人的直接损失的。

2.V-IIfyoucompensateforalackofsomethingorforsomethingyouhavedone

wrong,youdosomethingtomakethesituationbetter.弥补（过错）

例：Thecompanyagreedtokeepuphighlevelsofoutputinordertocompensatefor

supplieslost.

该企业同意保持高产出水平以赔偿损失掉的供应品。

3.V-ISomethingthatcompensatesforsomethingelsebalancesitorreducesits

effects,抵消

例：Senatorssayitiscrucialthatamechanismisfoundtocompensateforinflation.

参议员们说找到抵消通货膨胀的机制是至关重要的。

4.V-IIfyoutrytocompensateforsomethingthatiswrongormissinginyourlife,you

trytodosomethingthatremovesorreducestheharmfuleffects.弥补

例J：Theirsenseofhumourandabilitytogetalongwithpeoplearetwocharacteristics

thatcompensatefortheirlackofexperience.

他们的风趣感和与人相处的能力是弥补他们经验局限性的两个特质。

intent/intent/|CET6TEM4

l.ADJIfyouareintentondoingsomething,youareeageranddeterminedtodoit.

坚决的

例：Therebelsareobviouslyintentonkeepingupthepressure.

反叛分子显然决心继续施加压力。

2.ADJIfsomeonedoessomethinginanintentway,theypaygreatattentiontowhat

theyaredoing.专注的

例：Shelookedfromoneintentfacetoanother.

她看着一张张专注的面孔。

3.ADV专注地

彳列：Helistenedintently,thenslammeddownthep