【《月亮与六便士》中女性角色的性格分析（英语）】

-1-《月亮与六便士》中女性角色的性格分析Abstract I摘要 IIChapter1Introduction -1-1.1SignificanceoftheResearch -1-1.2OrganizationofthePaper -2-Chapter2LiteratureReview -3-2.1 ForeignStudy -3-2.2 DomesticStudy -5-Chapter3TheoreticalFramework -6-3.1BriefIntroductiontotheFeminism -6-3.2FeminismReflectedinTheMoonandSixpence -6-3.2.1DemeaningWords -7-3.2.2UglyPersonality -7-Chapter4CharacteristicsoftheThreeWomen -9-4.1VirtuousbutHypocritical:Mrs.Strickland -9-4.2PersistentbutUnmerciful:Blanche -10-4.3LoyalbutIgnorant:Eta -11-Chapter5ReasonsforMaugham'sCharacterizationofFemale -12-5.1Maugham'sLifeExperience -12-5.2.TheHauntingPhallocentrism -13-5.3TheBondageofaFamilyContract -14-Chapter6Conclusion -16-Bibliography -18-Chapter1Introduction1.1SignificanceoftheResearchTheFrenchexistentialistphilosopherSimonetriedtoanswerthequestionofwhatitmeanstobeawoman.InherbookSecondSex,shemadeafamousclaimthatwomenaretheothers,thatwomenarenotmen,andthatmenhavebeenusedtodefinethehumanbenchmarksinceancienttimes.Sothatwomenareoppressedbymasculinityandcannoteasilyescapeoppression.Menaresubjectsandwomenarejustobjectsofpossessiverelationships.Iftheimageofwomenispresentedtotheoutsideworld,thenitisusuallyonlyberegardedasbiologicalorsexualobject.Simon'sanswertoallthequestionsofwhatisawomanisnotenoughtoprove,becausethefeminizedidentityisessentiallyvague.Ourpositionashumanbeingsisinafuzzystate,whichmeansthatwemustthroughtheirownchoicestoreflectandshapeourmeaning.SoSimonarguesthat"womenarenotbornwomen,"Womenshouldchangetheirstereotypes,livewiththeirhopeandaccepttheirabsolutefreedom.Fromthenovelwecanseetheobviousmasculinitythoughtandthethreewomeninthenovelhaveshownabsoluteobedienceandattachmenttothehero,Maughamandthepeopleofthaterathinkthatmenareauthority,womenshouldobeythemunconditionally.Therefore,theresearchsignificanceofthispapercanbebroadlydividedintothefollowingthreepoints:1.TheauthordescribesfromtheperspectiveofthemalecenterofStrickland,andintheprocessofreading,thereaderwillinevitablybelimitedbythisperspective,whichleadstoanunobjectiveevaluationofwomen.Therefore,wetrytochangetheperspective.Fromtheperspectiveofwomen,wecombineanddissectthefemaleimageintheworkstoexplorethecharactercharacteristicsoffemalecharactersinthenovel.2.Thisarticleisare-interpretationofthisclassicwork.Unlikeotherstudieswhichfocusingonmaleimage-building,thispaperinterpretsMaugham'sworksfromtheperspectiveoffeminismanddeepenshisunderstandingofthem.Itarousespeople'sreflectiononthemale-powersocietyandmakespeoplepayattentiontowomen'sproblems,thusreflectsthepracticalsignificanceofthisnovel.3.DespiteMaugham'schauvinismtendencies,itisundeniablethatheisagreatwriter,andthisarticleprovidesanin-depthanalysisofMaugham'sportrayalofseveralfemalecharacters.ThishelpsreadersappreciateMaugham'stalentoftheartisticfeaturesinthenovel.1.2OrganizationofthePaperThispaperconsistsoffivechapters.Chapteronestudiesthesignificanceofthepaperandtheorganizationofthepaper.Chaptertwoelaboratestheliteraturereview,whichmainlyintroducestheforeignanddomesticstudyofthemoonandthesixpence,offeringvariousmaterialsforthispaper.Chapterthreebrieflyintroducesthefeminismtheory,meanwhile,itliststhefeminismreflectedinthisnovel.Chapterfourdemonstratesthecharacteristicsofthreewomeninthenovel.Chapterfivetriestoanalyzeandexplainthereasonsbehindthestory.Inchaptersix,aconclusionisdrawnthatwehumanbeingsneedtolookforwardtorespectwomen'srightsandstrivetoachieveequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Chapter2LiteratureReviewWilliamSomersetMaughamwasoneofthefirstnotedEnglishauthorstobehighlyacclaimedinEuropein20thcentury.HewrotenumerouslongstoriesandamongthemTheMoonandSixpencewasthemostfamous.ResearchonTheMoonandSixpencehasbeenongoingsinceitsappearanceanditarousestheattentionofscholarsintheworld.ForeignStudyThestudiescanbedividedintothesefollowingaspects：Focusingonman’scharacteristic.Inthenovel,weknowMaughamexpressedtheideaofMasculism,whichalsorepresentsthegeneralattitudeofmostpeopleatthattime.Womenshouldbeconsiderateandgentle,bowtotheirhusbandsandbeselflesstotheirfamilies;However,manyexpertsabroadhavedonesomeresearchanddiscussiononthecharactercharacteristicsandattitudetolifeofStricklandinthenovel.RogalstatesinAWilliamSomersetMaughamEncyclopedia(1997)thatStricklandholdsontohisartdreamsandabandonedthecomfortzoneofhislife.EugeneR'sopinionin"ModernMen,or,Men'sStudiesinthe80s"conveysthathedidnotagreewithStrickland'schoicesbuthecanunderstandhisbehavior,becauseheisjustanordinaryperson.Whenhegaveupthebustlinglife,whenhedisregardedthetemptationagainandagain,whenheenjoyedthemoonalone,heisspecial.Hespenttherestofhislifechasingthemoon.Evenifothersjustchaseinterestsandpower,hestillholdsontohisartdream.Sucharealmoflifeisbeyondthereachofordinarypeople.ThearchetypeofStricklandisPaulGauguinandtherearemanyfamouscriticshavecomparedthetwocharacters.Whenthespiritoftalentrestsonanuneasy,evenratherselfishbody,howshouldwetreatthiscontradictionandhowshouldweformalizetheuniquetalent.JustlikeCalderstates,StricklandisnotPaulGauguin,andhiswordsanddeedsarecrazier,morespecial,andmoredramaticthanGauguin.Focusingonwomen’scharacteristic,TheFrenchexistentialistphilosopherSimontriestotelluswhatdowomenreallymean,andinherbookSecondSex,shemakesafamousclaimthatwomenaretheothers,thatwomenarenotmen,andthatmenhavebeenusedsinceancienttimestodefinethehumanbenchmark.Sothatwomenareoppressedbymasculinityandcannoteasilyescapeoppression.Fromtheabovetwoaspectsoftheresearchers,itisclearthatforeignresearchersfocusmoreonthehero'slifechoicesandpursuits.Thereareveryfewdescriptionsofthethreefemales.Womenarethoughtasthehero'ssubsidiaryandtheyjusttoenrichthecharacterimageoftheman.DomesticStudyTheresearchesmainlyfocusedonthesefollowingaspects:Focusingonchoosingdreamsorreality.GuHong’s“TheConflictBetweenIdealityandReality—tothetopicofTheMoonandSixpence”.WangLuoru’s“Exileandregression-tothetopicofTheMoonandSixpence”.ChenJie’s“InterpretationofthesymbolismofTheMoonandSixpence”.XieYiling’s“Refractionofrealityorthesongoftheideal—tothetopicofTheMoonandSixpence”andsoon.“ASongofDreamandSelf-Fulfillment--toMaugham'sTheMoonandSixpence”,ZhongYongfa’s“TheJourneyofStrickland'sChasingtheMoon—TheImageAnalysisofTheMoonandSixpence”,MaTingting’s“TheWildlyRunofDreams—TheUnderstandingofMaugham’sTheMoonandSixpence”.Focusingonthecharacteristicsandstatusofwomeninthenovel.LiXiaohan’s“TheanalysisoftheimageandthefemalecharactersofTheMoonandSixpence”.WuMinghao’s“FromafemalepointofviewTheMoonandSixpence”.LingYizhou’s“AnanalysisoffemalecharacteristicofTheMoonandSixpence”.LiuQingyang’s“TheImageofFemaleCharactersinTheMoonandSixpence—AFeministperspective”.GaoZhaoyang’“SexisminEnglishandChinesefromtheperspectiveofhistoryandculture”.Yinjuan’s“ThepoliticalandculturalrootsofthelackofwomeninChina.LinYizhou’s“onthedualcharacterofthemoonandsixpencefemaleimages”.ChenRui’s“InterpretationofMaughamfromtheperspectiveoffeminism”.AfterlearningthedomesticstudiesaboutMaugham’sTheMoonandSixpence,peoplecanfindthatresearcherswillstudy“TheMoonandSixpence”frombothmaleandfemaleperspectives.Thestudiesonthemanarefocusingonhisunremittingpursuitofartanddreamsbutalsohisindifferencetothesecularworld.Thedescriptiontothethreemainfemalecharactersisalsodifferent.Peoplefocusmoreonthepursuitsandcharacteristicofthethreewomeninthenovelbutalsosympathizewiththeirsituation.Comparedwiththeforeignresearchers,domesticexpertsfocusmoreonthefemale.LookingbackatMaugham'sTheMoonandSixpence,itisobviousthatscholarswillstudyitfrommen'sposition,mainlyaboutStrickland'sobsessionandpursuitofdreams,butalsofromafemaleperspective,mainlyfromtheirstorieswiththeirmaleheroesandtheirexperiences.Andtheresearchersexpressedsympathyforwhattheyencounteredandangeratthedemeaningimageofwomenatthattime.Domesticresearchersprefertostudynovelsfromthefemaleperspective.Chapter3TheoreticalFramework3.1BriefIntroductiontotheFeminismFeminismmeansthatthepresentsocietyisbasedonamale-centeredpatriarchalsystem,andthatthepurposeoffeministtheoryistounderstandthenatureofinequalityandtofocusonsexualpolitics,powerrelationsandsexualconsciousness.Therearemoreandmoreresearchesonfeminismtheory,andtheultimatepurposeistoachieverealequalitybetweenmenandwomen.Takingasweepingviewinthetheoryoffeminism,somearestraightforward,somearecomplicated,someadvocateadecisivestruggle,someagreetogivein.Butallfeministtheorieshaveabasicpremise,thatis:womenarebeingoppressedanddiscriminated.Women'ssecondstatusissoingrainedandpermanent.Insuchatrans-historicalandcross-culturalsocialstructure,womenareinanunequalpositionwithmeninpolitics,economy,culture,thought,cognition,concept,ethicsandotherfields,evenintheprivatefieldsuchasthefamily.Theideaofmalepowerholdsthatthismale-femalegenderorderisnotonlyuniversal,butalsowillnotchange,becauseitisnaturallyformed.Feminism,arguesthatitisnotformedbyitselfbutartificiallyconstructedbysocietyandculture,itiseasytobelievethatgenderdiscriminationisnotpermanentandcanbechangedastimegoesby.3.2FeminismReflectedinTheMoonandSixpenceWeknowthatTheMoonandSixpenceisanovelfulloffeminism,thusit’seasyforustofindsomethingthatembodiesfeminisminthisnovel.Thefeminisminthispaperismainlyembodiedinthethreewomenwhohavehademotionalentanglementwiththeman,Strickland.Thusthispaperexpoundsfeminismfromtheperspectiveofcharactercharacteristicsandreasonsgivenbytheauthortofemale.3.2.1DemeaningWordsWhenthewriterfirstmetMrs.Strickland,hethoughtshewasjustanordinaryhousewife.“Idon'tthinkshehasanythingspecialexceptthathervoiceisok”.Mrs.Stricklandlikestocommunicatewithwriters,butintheireyes,sheisjusttheonewhoservesthemdinner.“Shethinksthey’refunny,shewantstofollowinthefootstepsofthewriters,IthinkMrs.Stricklandisshort-sighted,she’spathetic,shethinkswe’reallfine.”Sincesheisverypoor,shedecidedtoprofitbyheracquaintancewithsomanywriters,andshelearntshorthandandtypewritinginaveryshorttime.Finally,sheachievesherfinalmentalstage:“self-improvement”.Andsheissostudiousthatit’sforsureshewillbesuccessful.“Anyway,ifhe'stalented,I'llsupporthimatanycost,andIdon’tmindsacrificingmyself.Iprefertomarryapainterthanastockbroker,orforthesakeofchildren,Idon’tcareaboutanything.Livinginabrokenhouse,willbeashappyaslivinghere”.Thesewordsrevealtheauthor’disdainforherhypocrisy.WhentheauthorfirstintroducedBlanche,shesaidthatshewasatutorwhohadbeenabandonedbecauseshedidn’tresistthetemptationtogetpregnantbeforemarriage.WhenBlanchedecidedtoleave,hesaidtohishusband,“Standup,it'sashame.”“Iwenttoourhomeandtoretainher,butsheblamedme.Shetoldthem,lethimgo.Isworetohertoforgiveherforeverythingshehaddone,butshedidn’treply,andshebangedherheadagainstthewall.Doctortoldmenottostaywithher,andshekeptscreaming”.Asfarastheauthorwasconcerned,sheisapersonwhohasonlylustinhereyesbutnowisdom.TheauthorofthenoveltendstogiveEtatheimageoffoolish.“IcalledEta,andsheknewwhatIwastalkingabout,andIglancedather”hesaid.“Hedrewheroneportraitafteranother,sometimeswearaskirt,sometimesnothing”“Shesaidnothingbutgiggled,hityouandscoldyoujustbecauseoflove”.Intheauthor'sopinion,sheisempty-headed.3.2.2UglyPersonalityAsthefirstwife,Mrs.Strickland,intheeyesofothers,shewasvirtuous,becauseshespentallhertimerunningthefamily,tryingtomaintainahappyfamilylifeformorethanadecade.Inamalesocietywhichwomenwereoppressed,sheneverhadherownideasandchoices.Mrs.Stricklandthoughthereffortswouldbeinexchangeforahappyfamilylifeforever,soshefeltverydownwhenherhusbanddecidedtoabandonthefamily.Aftergettingthetruth,hescoldedandturnedagainstherformerhusband.Stricklandthoughthiswifewasastuffywomanwithnoidea.Thesecondwomen,Blanche,isthewifeofStrickland'sfriendStroeveandshewasgentle,considerate,kindandhard-workingbeforeStricklandappeared.AftermeetingStricklandwhoisrude,savage,romantic,shesuccumbedtoherinnerdesiretogiveupthehusbandwholovedhersomuch.Inherview,thehappylifeofthepastisnotworthmentioningatall.However,healwayscaresmoreaboutartandpaintinginsteadofloveorwoman,soheturneddownthewomanwhohadabandonedeverythingforhim.BlancheisportrayedbytheMaughamasawomanwhoseesonlydesireandisselfishandheartless.Thethirdwoman,Eta,istheidealbridesmaidintheheartofmen,supportinghisidealsandcareer,takingcareofhislifewhilecaringforthetwochildren.Shedidn'tknowwhatStricklandreallythoughtandshenevertriedtomaster,andshewouldn'taskhimanythingforwardly.InStrickland'sview,shewasjustlikeaplantontheislandandwithoutanysenseofexistence.Sheworkedhardtoavoidcriticismandhadmuchmoneytosupporttheirlife.TheauthorgaveEtaafaithful,beautifulimage,infact,sheisfoolishandbenighted.Chapter4CharacteristicsoftheThreeWomenThethreewomeninthenovelhavedifferentpersonalitytraitsbuthavesameorsimilarfate.Thisisaworkfromamasculineperspective,inwhichthedescriptionofwomenisincompleteanduntrue.Thisdescriptioninthenovelcompletelyignorestheobjectiveexistenceofwomen,sothatwomengiveuptheirownidealsandpursuits.4.1VirtuousbutHypocritical:Mrs.StricklandInthestory,theauthordescribestheMrs.Stricklandasahousewifewhowascarefulinherwordsanddeeds,self-disciplined,andhadthefemininestylerequiredbytheupperclass.Shewasjustoneofthecountlesshousewives.Besides,shedidn’thaveherownidealsandpursuits,neverthoughtforherself,fullyattachedtoherhusband.Shewashard-workingandcapable,keptthewholehouseorganized,andarrangedthediningroominalight,comfortableandchicwaywhichisequaltotheprevailingstyle.Thetwochildrenbroughtupbyherarehealthyandlively.Mostimportantly,shelovesherhusbandverymuch.However,shewastotallydependentonherhusband.Shetriedtocurryfavorwithmoreartistsandwriters,whichtryingtomakeherlookmoreartistic.butinMaugham'swriting,thisonlymadeherlookmorebenighted.Contactingwithwriterscannotchangehermindatall.Hersecondcharacteristicisselfishandhypocrisy,andwhenStricklandsuddenlyleft,thehypocrisyofMrs.Strickland'shumannaturewasexposed.Shemindedgossipsoshetriedtoblameherhusbandinvariousways.Andsheblockedthenews.ShemadeupthereasonwhyStricklandranawaythatisheelopedtoPariswithaFrenchdancer.Thisliewonheralotofsympathyandreputation.Thenshemadefulluseofhersocialrelationshipsandgotashorthandtypingjob.Herexperienceattractedmanycustomersforher,andherbusinesswasveryprofitable.Butunderthesocialpressure,shefeltshamedwhensherealizedthatshehaslostherhappylifeandhadtomakealivingtosupportherfamily.Inordertoshowthathersocialstatushasnotdecreased.Whendealingwithothers,shealwaysunintentionallytalksabouttheirnobleorigins.Whenshelearnedofherhusband'struesituation,shegaveStricklandalotofmoney,butitwasnotbecauseofherloveforherhusband,justbecausesheenjoyedthepleasureofstandingonamoralhighgroundanddestroyedhisdignity.Mrs.Stricklandwasadouble-facewomanfrombeginningtoend,ostensiblyvirtuous,infact,herthoughtsweresecular.Itwashardtoguesswhatshereallythought.Hersufferingwascompassionateandshededicatedtothefamilybuthadbeenabandoned.Mrs.Strickland'sfatereflectedthesorrowofthefateofmostwomenofthesociety.4.2PersistentbutUnmerciful:BlancheBlanche,aformereducatedtutor,wasdrivenoutaftermakingamistake.Whenshewascornered,shemetthepainterStroeveandmarriedhimtoliveasecureandhappylife.WhenStroevebroughthometheimpoverishedStrickland,BlanchestronglyobjectedtoitforshedislikesStrickland'srudeness,butafteralongtime,shewasfascinatedbytherudeandcoldpainter.Shedeterminedtoabandontheoriginalhappylifeandabandonedherhusband.Sheignoredherhusband'sretentionandevenputtheblameonherhusband.ShethinksthatthehusbandtookStricklandhomewastheonlyreasontocausetheconsequences.Howcanshebesoruthless!Ontheotherhand,Blancheresolutelyabandonedherhusbandandheroriginallife.Wecanseeherpursuitoftheideallifeoflove.Shedarestofaceherownheart.Blanche'spursuitofloveisbasedonpersonalityattraction,insteadofhumbleness.Herhusband'spatienceandbest-triedcourtesiesdisgustedher.Inheropinion,whenapersonloveswithoutdignity,evensympathydoesnotdeservetobeacquired,muchlesslove.InthefaceofStrickland'sattraction,shegaveupeverythingshehadandfollowedinthefootstepsoflovetowardsStrickland.AlthoughStricklandexplicitlytoldherthatshewouldbeabandonedwhenhedidn'tneedthebodymodelanymore.Blanchewaswillingtobetonlovealthoughthepriceoflife.Blanchedaredtohateandlove.Intheendofherlife,shewasextraordinarycalm.Afterpackingupthehousework,shetookabottlecontainingsour,determinedtogotothebedroom.Fromthemasculismperspective,Blanchewasnotdevoidofanymeritandwasonlyinterestedinlove,butontheotherhand,thischaracteralsorevealedthatwomenwerebraveenoughtopursuewhatshewants.Shewouldrathercommitsuicidethanreturntohome.Thisisherstubbornnessandresistancetothemalesociety.4.3LoyalbutIgnorant:EtaEtawasanordinaryyounggirlontheislandandshewasveryfascinatingandkind.Shesavedupallthemoneythatearnedintheflowershop.Shewasveryinnocentandwerebraveenoughtofaceherfeelings.Shewasgenerous,contributingallhermoneywhichwasenoughtomakeStricklandliveacomfortablelife.Shewasreasonableandnottoaskforaweddingceremonyinfrontofthemayor.Sheworkedhard,cookingdeliciousmealsforStrickland,fryingfishwithcoconutoil,sometimeswithaseashrimp,andoftenmakinghimaplateofdeliciouscrabs;ShewassovirtuousthatsheneverdisturbedStrickland.Etacookedforhim,andraisedtheirchildren.Asawife,shededicatedeverythingshehadtoStricklandandnevertriedtocontrolStrickland'sthoughtsandconsciousness,insteadshefullysupportedhisworkandhishobbies.Etawasexactlywhatallmenexpectastheiridealpartner.Sheobeyedherhusbandunconditionally,andwithoutcomplaint.Shedidn'tknowwhatStricklandreallythinks,butshenevertriestounderstandandshedidn'taskforanythingfromhim.InStrickland'sview,shewasjustlikeaplantontheislandandwithoutanysenseofexistence.Sheworkedhardregardlessofcriticismandhadenoughmoneytomakesurethefamilyliveinacomfortablelife.MaughamgaveEtaafaithful,beautifulimage,infact,shewasfoolishandbenighted.Shewascompletelyattachedtomanandtriedtoliveastheidealwomanofamanandputherthoughtsandintereststotheminimum.Etaenduredtheoppressionanddestructionofthismalesocietywhileenjoyingthisdesirelesslife.Liveyourselfastheidealwomanforaman.Becauseofit,shedidnotlistentoDr.Kutras'sdissuasionanddestroyedoneofthemasterpieceswhichissignificant.Chapter5ReasonsforMaugham'sCharacterizationofFemaleCharacters5.1Maugham'sLifeExperienceMaugham'slifewasmoreexcitingthanthenovel.HewasbornintheUnitedKingdomandhisparentsarebothlawyers.HewasthefourthchildandhisthreebrothersweresenttoEnglandtostudy.Maughamhaslivedadotingonlychildlifesincebirth.Itwasthemostprecioustimeofhislife,andhisbelovedmotherwasentirelyhisown.HewassurroundedbyFrenchmaidswhocaredforhim,andtheChampsElyseeswashischildhoodplayground.However,whenhewas8yearsold,hismotherdiedoftuberculosis,whichbecamethepainofhislife,Maughamputpicturesandawispofhairofhismotherattheheadofthebed,whichbecamethemostprecioustwopossessionsofhislife.Twoyearslater,hisfatherdied.Hebecameanorphanandwasadoptedbyhisuncle.Happyandwarmlifehasbecomethepaststylewithoutthedotingofparents.Becauseofthelackoflove,Maughambecamelonelyandsensitive,andevenchangedintostuttering,whichbroughthimendlesspainandshame.Whenhewas16,hegaveupthechancetostudyatCambridgeUniversityandleftforGermany,beganhiscareer.Althoughhewasintelligent,Maugham'ssuccessdependsonthehardworkandeffortsoftheday.Maughamneverlackedamaleloverinherlife,buttheonlywomanshereallylovedformanyyearswasJones,whowascalledSue,ablond,femininegirlwhowascompletelycaptivatedbytherelationshipthatlastedeightyears.Hewasextremelysadwhenhismarriageproposalwasrejected.LaterhemetCyril,butshewasamarriedwoman,Maughamwasjustoneofhermanyloversandthisentanglementlastedfor12years.Whentheygotdivorced,Maughamwasruthlesslyblackmailed.AndwhenMaughamwasseventy,hisloverGerarddied,hewasdevastated.SoonafterAlansucceeded.TheloveaffairandunhappymarriagebetweenMaughamandSuemadehimhatewomenandhefoundtheyareshrewdandsecular.Whathewantedissomeonewhototallyyieldtohim.JudgingfromMaugham'slifeexperience,thewomeninthenovelarelikethewomenhehadmet.MaughamregardsSueasMrs.Strickland.Itseemsthatsheisvirtuous.Inordertomakepeoplesympathizeher,shemadeupaliethatherhusbandranawaywithaFrenchwomanrumors.Thensheaskedmetoaskforherhusbandtoreversethedecision,afterknowingherhusband'sdeterminedattitude,shebegantoplanherowncareer.Herpoorexperienceandreputationdidmakehergetsympathyfromothers.Everythingshedoesforherfamilyandchildrenisjusttoearnherreputation.ItisobviousthatMrs.Strickland'sprototypeisactuallySue.MaughamportrayedMrs.Stricklandwithalotofderogatorywordsinthenovel,butitwasasignofhisresentmenttowardsSue.5.2.TheHauntingPhallocentrismPhallocentrismholdsthatwomenareinferiortomen,andamoregeneralexplanationisthatmenhavealegitimate,universalreferencetoallthings.Theterm“Phallocentrism”wasusedtoexplaintheinfant's“Libido”focusonthesexualdevelopmentoftheexternalgenitalia.Sincegirlsdon’thavepenises,feministsarguethattheirsexualcharacteristicscan’tbesummedupentirelybytheirconnectionwithPhallocentrism.Itiscontroversialtodecidewhoisthefirsttoproposetheterm,butitissurethatmostoftheinformationwascitedbyDerrida.ThereisnodoubtthatFrenchfeministsareinfluencedbyit,andDerridahasuseditwidelytocriticizesexualdepictionsofmaleprejudice.allpositionsofauthorityarereservedformeninthepolitical,economic,legal,religious,educational,militaryandfamilyspheres.Femalearedecidedbymalestandards,notviceversa.Peopleobjectifywomenandtheytakewomenasobjectsinmaleaffairsandtransactions.Inaddition,theylimitandhinderwomen'screativityandavoidwomen'sexposuretomanyareasofsocialknowledgeandculturalachievement.PhallocentrismisrevealedeverywhereinMaugham'snovels,whetheritisfromStrickland'sattitudetowardswomenorMaugham'sportrayalofthepersonalityofthreewomen.Stricklandargues:“Idon'tneedlove.Idon'thavetimetofallinlove,I'maman,sometimesIneedwomen,andwhenmydesiresaresatisfied,Iwillbebusywithotherthings,becausewomenknownothingbutlove,sotheytakeloveveryseriously,it'sridiculous.Theyalsowanttoconvinceusthatlovemeanseverything.Infact,loveisonlyasmallpart,Ionlyknowdesire,itishealthy,loveisjustadisease.”Stricklandwassodemeaningtowomen,eventhosewhopaidthepriceforhislife.Inhisopinion,thethreewomenarejustpeoplewithinherreach,andevenhechosetobewiththemonlyforotherpurposes,andheneedsamodelsoheansweredBlanche,andthemarriagewithEtaisonlybecausehefeelsthatEtaismeek,simple,andhasalivingproperty.Maugham'sanalysisofhumanfeelingsisneitherthemoraljudgmentofthepastnortheirrationalexpressionofmodernism,butakindofmeaningfulvalueanalysis,whichisclosetolifeandfullofartisticinsight,sothatthecharactersbecomemorereal.5.3TheBondageofaFamilyContractItisobviousthatfamilyisthemosttypicalformoforganizationoftherelationshipbetweenthesexes,andmarriageistheonlymeansandprocessofformingthefamily.Themarriageandfamilyformationcustomstoacertainextentreflecttheideaofinequalitybetweenmanandwoman.China'straditionalprincipleofmarriageandfamilyformationismaleandfemale.Ifyougivebirthtoagirl,itmeansthatshedoesnotbelongtothefamilyatall.Marriageandfamilysystemiscommontomenandwo