《民航客舱设备与操作》课件-1.飞机基本结构概述（双语）

民航客舱设备与操作AircraftCabin

EquipmentandOperations项目一飞机基本结构概述ProjectOne:OverviewofAircraft

BasicStructure

机翼WingSection同学们千万不要闹笑话，右侧图片中的是鸡翅，飞机上的咱们称为机翼!Students,pleasedon'tmake

a

fool

of

yourselves!The

items

in

the

right-side

image

are

chicken

wings,but

what

we

have

on

the

airplane

is

called

wing!机翼部分

Wing

Section

加一

、机翼的作用Main

function

ofthe

wing机翼的主要作用是为飞机提供升力，以支持飞机在空中飞行，也起一定的稳定和操纵左右。The

main

function

of

the

wing

is

to

provide

lift

for

the

aircraft,supporting

its

flight

in

the

air.Italso

contributes

to

the

stability

and

control

ofthe

aircraft's

roll.机翼横截面的形状为上面弧度大，下面弧度很小甚至是直线的形状，被叫做翼型，它直接关系到机翼产生的升力和阻力的大小。The

cross-sectional

shape

of

the

wing

has

a

larger

curvature

on

the

top

and

a

smallercurvature,or

even

a

straight

line,on

the

bottom.This

shape

is

called

the

airfoil,and

it

directlyaffects

the

magnitude

of

lift

and

drag

generated

by

thewing.机翼部分

WingSection二

、

机翼的结构

Structure

ofthe

Wing从结构上讲，机翼由表面的蒙皮、内部的纵向骨架(翼梁、纵墙和桁条)和横向骨架(普通翼肋和加强翼肋)

组成.Structurally,the

wing

is

composed

of

the

surface

skin,

the

internal

longitudinal

framework(including

the

spars,longitudinals,and

ribs),and

the

transverse

framework(which

consists

of

regular

and

reinforced

ribs).前

墙翼

梁接头图6

机翼的结构机翼部分

WingSection后墙

翼肋桁条蒙皮加强肋一机翼部分

WingSection从机翼翼面的组成来看，机翼由缝翼、襟翼、副翼、扰流板组成。From

the

perspective

of

the

wing

surface

composition,the

wing

is

made

up

of

ailerons,flaps,spoilers,and

slats.后缘襟翼扰流板副翼前缘缝翼单翼飞机

双翼飞机monoplane

biplane三、机翼的分类Classification

of

Wings机翼部分

WingSection机翼部分

WingSection机翼部分Wing

Section

allillitie按机翼的平面形状分类Classifiedbytheplanformshape

ofthewings.平直翼

后掠翼椭圆形机翼前掠翼梯形机翼

三角翼分为矩形翼、梯形翼、后掠翼、三角翼、双三角翼、箭形翼、边条翼等Theyaredivided

intorectangularwings,trapezoidalwings,sweptwings,triangularwings,doubletriangularwings,arrowheadwings,and

leading-edgeextensionwings,etc.●机身是飞机的重要部件，用来装载人员、货物、

燃油和各种机载设备等.

它将机翼、尾翼、起落

架等部件连成一个整体。●Thefuselageis

an

importantpart

of

the

aircraft,

used

to

carry

passengers,cargo,fuel,and

variousonboard

equipment.It

connects

the

wings,tailplane,

landing

gear,and

other

components

into

a

unifiedstructure.机身部分

Fuselage

Section机身部分

Fuselage

Section一、机身形状

FuselageShape民航客舱机身是一个中间大，向两头缓慢收缩的流线体，机身头部略下垂以扩大驾驶员的视界，尾部略上翘以避免飞机着陆时机尾部触地。The

fuselage

of

a

civil

aviation

aircraft

is

a

streamlined

body

that

is

wider

in

the

middle

and

gradually

taperstoward

both

ends.The

front

of

the

fuselage

is

slightly

downward

to

improve

the

pilot's

visibility,while

the

tail

section

is

slightly

upward

to

prevent

the

aircraft's

tail

from

touching

the

ground

during

landing.二、客舱增压CabinPressurization现代客机的巡航高度多在8000米以上。"Modern

commercial

aircraft

typically

cruise

at

altitudes

above

8,000

meters.客舱和驾驶舱内高空气压低，空气稀薄，难以维持机组以及旅客的生命，所以在客舱和驾驶舱内需要人工增压。At

these

heights,the

air

pressure

in

the

cabin

and

cockpit

is

low,and

the

air

is

thin,making

itdifficult

to

sustain

the

life

of

the

crew

and

passengers.Therefore,artificial

pressurization

is

required

in

boththe

cabin

and

cockpit."三、静电消除Static

Discharge由于飞机机身多半为金属材料，在飞行中机身表面和空气摩擦和其他杂质的摩擦将产生静电，设计师

在飞机表面外形尖端处安装了放电刷。"Since

the

aircraft

fuselage

is

mostly

made

of

metal,friction

between

the

fuselage

surface

and

the

air,as

well

as

other

impurities,generates

static

electricity

during

flight.Designers

installed

dischargebrushes

on

the

surface

ofthe

airplane

at

the

tip

ofthe

shape.机身部分

Fuselage

Section舰■一、尾翼部分

EmpennageSection尾翼是安装在飞机后部的起稳定和操纵作用的装置，由垂直尾翼和水平尾翼组成。The

empennage

is

a

control

and

stabilizing

device

located

at

the

rear

of

the

aircraft,consisting

ofthe

vertical

stabilizer

and

the

horizontal

stabilizer.主要功能是用来操纵飞机俯仰和偏转，以及保证飞机能平稳的飞行。Its

main

functions

are

to

control

the

aircraft's

pitch

and

yaw,as

well

as

to

ensure

stable

flight.尾翼部分

Empennage

SectionKQ·

水平尾翼简称平尾，翼面由固定的水平安定面和

可上下偏转的升降舵组成。·The

horizontal

stabilizer,commonly

referred

to

as

the

tailplane,consists

of

a

fixed

horizontalstabilizing

surface

and

an

elevator

that

can

be

deflected

up

and

down.·

主要用于飞行中保持飞机纵向平衡，稳定和控制

飞机的俯仰姿态。·It

is

primarily

used

to

maintain

the

aircraft'slongitudinal

balance

during

flight,stabilize

theaircraft,and

control

its

pitch

attitude.01水平尾翼首飞

Horizontal

Stabilizer

First

Flight尾翼部分

Empennage