【外刊专题】04 Is massacring an invasive species a virtuou-2023届高考英语外刊创编专项突破之完形填空

Ismassacringaninvasivespeciesavirtuoussport?屠杀入侵物种是一项有益的运动吗?关键词汇：ANIMALSOFNATURE主题语境：人与自然文本类型：说明文原文节选：TheNewYorkerRachelBowmanisadiverwhospecializesinthehunting,catching,andkillingoflionfish（狮子鱼）,aspecies1.________Indo-Pacificwaters.Lionfishhavealsolongbeenpopularinaquariums.TensofthousandsofAmericanhomeshavetheminsaltwatertanks.Lionfishspendtheirdays2.________inthewater,whichmakesthemparticularlywellsuitedtothejobofbeinglookedat.Atsomepointinthepasthalfcentury,somewhereinthewarmerlatitudesoftheWesternHemisphere,lionfishjumpedfromaquariumstonaturalsaltwater.Lionfishhavesucceeded3.________intheirnewenvironment—therearenowmanymillionsofthemintheWesternAtlantic—andthisisbadnews:theyaredestructivetonativespecies,4.________otherseacreaturesandupendingtheequilibriumofreeflife.Althoughthereisan5.________conservationbenefittoeliminatinglionfish,Bowmandoesnotthinkofherself6.________asanenvironmentalist.Sheseeshertargetsasinvaders,andconsidersitherjobto7.________them.“Whatyou'rehuntingisn'tprey—it'sthe8.________”shetoldme,adding,“Isn'titnicetobeonthesideofthegood9.________?”Shealsoappreciatesthefactthatthereareno10.________aboutlionfishkilling.“Nobaglimits,sexlimits,seasonslimits,boatlimits,gearlimits,”shesaid.“Lionfishistheonlyspeciesthatisone-hundred-per-centwideopen."Huntingthemisa11.________toanerawhenyoucouldgointothewaterandcomeoutofitwithwhateveryouwanted—toanera,paradoxically,beforeconservationmeasureswereneeded.Theirgoalisa12.________,usableecosystem:killingalionfishsavesayellowtailsnapperthat,inturn,canbecaughtfordinner.Huntinglionfishis13.________butlabor-intensive.Theywon'tchaseahook,andadragnetisimpractical,becauseitwouldsnagonthereefswheretheylive.Lionfishmustbekilledonebyone,withapolespear.Therearemany14.________onthesepoles—three-foot,sevenfoot,three-pronged,five-pronged—andtheyhavesuchnamesastheLionfishBusterandtheLionator.Inthepasttwodecades,manydivershavemadehuntinglionfishtheir15.________,butnobodyappearstohavedoneitwiththe16.________ofBowman.Inthetenyearsthatshehasbeendiving,shehasgoneoutroughlythreetimesaweek.Animageofalionfishspearis17.________onherarm.OntheInternet,thereisaphotographofBowmanholdingapolespearstuddedwithmorethanadozenfreshlykilledlionfish—agaudyfishkebab.Lionfishcanbe18.________:theirspinescontainoneofthemostpowerfulneurotoxininthe19.________world;theirMohawkisvenomous,asarethetwospikesontheirpelvicfinsandthethreebytheiranalglands.Likemostlionfishhunters,Bowmanhasbeenstungrepeatedly—atleastthirtytimes,shetoldme.Shewearsgloveswhenshedives,butthatmakes20.________difference.“Youcantellmeyouhaveapuncture-proofglove,blahblahblah,”shesaid.“ButI'mgonnalaughatyou."1.A.curiousabout B.nativeto C.awareof D.carefulwith2.A.hovering B.preventingC.adopting D.analyzing3.A.instead B.strangely C.mightily D.likely4.A.learning B.working C.satisfying D.devouring5.A.convenient B.obviousC.awkward D.exciting6.A.eventually B.dramaticallyC.completely D.primarily7.A.lock B.repair C.repel D.grasp8.A.animal B.enemyC.wildlife D.friend9.A.places B.actionsC.effects D.guys10.A.regulations B.communicationsC.operations D.productions11.A.throwback B.explorationC.comeback D.entertainment12.A.realized B.balanced C.agreed D.admitted13.A.flexible B.startingC.satisfying D.comfortable14.A.path B.positionC.direction D.variation15.A.obsession B.attention C.appreciationD.imagination16.A.personality B.intensityC.equality D.speciality17.A.lifted B.turned C.tattooed D.seized18.A.dangerousB.curiousC.anxiousD.serious19.A.weak B.challengedC.fantastic D.aquatic20.A.few B.littleC.mostD.more答案解析答案速查：1-5BACDB6-10DCBDA11-15ABCDA16-20BCADB解析：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为什么潜水员瑞秋·鲍曼专门捕猎狮子鱼。狮子鱼具有观赏性，但是在过去的半个世纪这种鱼已经变成一种生物入侵的物种，所以为了保护环境和生物链人们开始捕猎狮子鱼，而且这种捕猎活动已经发展成为一种比赛。【答案】B【解析】考察短语及语境理解curiousabout 对好奇 nativeto 原产于 awareof 意识到 carefulwith 对小心根据语境“lionfish（狮子鱼）,Indo-Pacificwaters.OffthecoastofIndonesiaorAustralia,”可知，狮子鱼是一种产于印度太平洋水域的物种。在印度尼西亚或澳大利亚的海岸外。故选B。【答案】A【解析】考察动词及语境理解hovering 徘徊 preventing 阻止 adopting收养 D.analyzing 分析根据文中的“Lionfishspendtheirdaysinthewater,whichmakesthemparticularlywellsuitedtothejobofbeinglookedat.”可知，狮子鱼整天在水里徘徊，这种习性使它们特别适合成为被观察的对象。故选A。【答案】C【解析】考察副词及语境理解instead 相反地 strangely奇怪地 mightily非常，很 likely 可能地根据文中的“therearenowmanymillionsofthemintheWesternAtlantic”可知，在大西洋狮子鱼有百万条，说明狮子鱼融入新环境非常成功。故选C。【答案】D【解析】考察动词及语境理解learning 学习 working工作 satisfying满意 devouring 吞噬根据文中的“theyaredestructivetonativespecies”可知，狮子鱼在新的水域作为入侵生物破坏能力强，会吞噬其他海洋生物。故选D。【答案】B【解析】考察形容词及语境理解convenient 方便的 obvious 显然的 awkward尴尬的 D.exciting 激动的根据文中的“Althoughthereisabenefittoeliminatinglionfish,Bowmandoesnotthinkofherselfprimarilyasanenvironmentalist.”可知，鲍曼并不是把自己当作环保主义者，但捕猎狮子鱼确实对环境有好处，很明显的好处。故选B。6.【答案】D【解析】考察副词及语境理解eventually 最终地 dramatically戏剧化地completely 完全地 D.primarily 最初地根据文中的“Sheseeshertargetsasinvaders,andconsidersitherjobtorepelthem.”可知，鲍曼捕猎狮子鱼是把它当作入侵者，并不是一开始就把自己当作环保主义者。故选D。7.【答案】C【解析】考察动词及语境理解lock 上锁 repair 修复 repel 驱逐 D.grasp 抓住根据文中的“Sheseeshertargetsasinvaders”可知，鲍曼把狮子鱼当做是入侵者，要驱逐这个外来物种。故选C。【答案】B【解析】考察名词及语境理解animal 动物 enemy 敌人 wildlife 野生动物D.friend 朋友根据文中的“Whatyou'rehuntingisn'tprey”以及下文“Isn'titnicetobeonthesideofthegoodguys?”可知，鲍曼认为狮子鱼不单单是猎物，但是应该当成敌人对待。故选B。【答案】D【解析】考察名词及语境理解places地方 actions 行动 effects影响 guys 人们根据上下文语境鲍曼的说的话，可知，鲍曼是把狮子鱼当作自己的敌人，所以他认为站在好人这一方是很棒的。故选D。【答案】A【解析】考察副词及语境理解regulations 规则communications 交流 operations 操作 productions 产量根据文中的“‘Nobaglimits,sexlimits,seasonslimits,boatlimits,gearlimits,’shesaid.‘Lionfishistheonlyspeciesthatisone-hundred-per-centwideopen.’”可知，这个地区没有限制人们对于狮子鱼的捕猎，任何限制都没有。故选A。【答案】A【解析】考察名词及语境理解throwback 返祖；复古 exploration 勘察；研究comeback 恢复，复出 D.entertainment娱乐表演；招待根据文中的“whenyoucouldgointothewaterandcomeoutofitwithwhateveryouwanted—toanera,paradoxically,beforeconservationmeasureswereneeded.”可知，作者认为猎杀狮子鱼不受限制回到了以前未制定限制的时代。故选A。【答案】B【解析】考察动词及语境理解realized意识到 balanced 使平衡 agreed同意 D.admitted 承认根据文中的“killingalionfishsavesayellowtailsnapperthat,inturn,canbecaughtfordinner.”可知，鲍曼他们这些捕猎者认为猎杀了狮子鱼其实在挽救别的生物，而且猎杀来的的狮子鱼给人类提供了事物，一举两得，这也是平衡生态的一种方法。故选B。【答案】C【解析】考察形容词及语境理解flexible 灵活的 starting 开始的 satisfying 满意的 D.comfortable 舒适的根据文中的“Theirgoalisabalanced,usableecosystem:killingalionfishsavesayellowtailsnapperthat,inturn,canbecaughtfordinner.Huntinglionfishissatisfyingbutlabor-intensive.”可知，前文中说的是平衡的生态系统，后文but转折词后面出现的“费力的”意思，but前意思与其相反，选择感情色彩较好的词。故选C。【答案】D【解析】考察名词及语境理解path 道路；途径 position 位置；地点 direction方向；趋势 variation变化；差异根据文中的“three-foot,sevenfoot,three-pronged,five-pronged”可知，鱼竿的种类有很多，尺寸有很多变化。故选D。【答案】A【解析】考察名词及语境理解obsession 痴迷，困扰 B.attention 注意；注意力 C.appreciation 欣赏，鉴赏 D.imagination 想像力，想像根据文中的“manydivershavemadehuntinglionfishtheirobsession,butnobodyappearstohavedoneitwiththeintensityofBowman.Inthetenyearsthatshehasbeendiving,shehasgoneoutroughlythreetimesaweek.”可知，鲍曼捕捉狮子鱼非常频繁，她很痴迷于这个事情，但是其他人没有她那么痴迷。故选A。【答案】B【解析】考察名词及语境理解personality 个性，性格 intensity强烈，剧烈 equality 均等，平等 speciality 特色菜，特产根据文中的“Inthetenyearsthatshehasbeendiving,shehasgoneoutroughlythreetimesaweek.”可知，鲍曼经常捕鱼，她潜水的次数非常密集，强度很大。故选B。【答案】C【解析】考察动词及语境理解lifted 提升的 turned被转动的 tattooed给刺花纹 D.seized 抓住的根据文中的“Animageonherarm.”可知，鲍曼在自己的手臂上纹上了狮子鱼的图案。故选C。【答案】A【解析】考察形容词及语境理解dangerous 危险的 curious 好奇的 anxious 焦虑的 D.serious 严肃的根据文中的“theirspinescontainoneofthemostpowerfulneurotoxinsintheaquaticworld”可知，狮子鱼是危险的:它们的刺含有水生世界中最强大的神经毒素之一。故选A。【答案】D【解析】考察形容词及语境理解weak 虚弱的 challenged 有挑战的fantastic 极好的 D.aquatic 水生的根据文中的“theirspinescontainoneofthemostpowerfulneurotoxinsintheaquaticworld”可以知道狮子鱼生活在水中，他体内的毒素是水生世界最强毒素之一。故选D。【答案】B【解析】考察形容词及语境理解few少数的 little微不足道的 most大多数的 D.more 更多的根据文中的“Bowmanhasbeenstungrepeatedly—atleastthirtytimes,shetoldme.Shewearsgloveswhenshedives,butthatmakeslittledifference.”可知，鲍曼背刺过很多次，她潜水时会戴手套，但是句中出现了转折词，后面意思与前句形成转折关系，所以戴手套也没有多少区别。故选B。重点词汇/短语：重点词汇/短语：specializevi.专门研究（或从事），专攻；专营predatorn.捕食性动物；掠夺者spearn.矛，标枪；嫩枝，幼芽v.（用锋利的武器）刺，刺杀hoverv.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊，守候；处于不稳定状态；上下波动，左右摇摆；nativeto原产自……；产自于……suitto适合于RachelBowmanisadiverwhospecializesinthehunting,catching,andkillingoflionfish（狮子鱼）,aspeciesnativetoIndo-Pacificwaters.OffthecoastofIndonesiaorAustralia,anadulttypicallygrowstoabouttwelveinches;groupers,eels,andsharksareitsnaturalpredators,andinmanycountriesdiverscannotspearonewithoutapermit.Lionfishhavealsolongbeenpopularinaquariums.TensofthousandsofAmericanhomeshavetheminsaltwatertanks.Lionfishspendtheirdayshoveringinthewater,whichmakesthemparticularlywellsuitedtothejobofbeinglookedat.瑞秋·鲍曼是一名潜水员，专门捕猎、捕获和杀死狮子鱼(狮子鱼)，这是一种原产于印度太平洋水域的物种。在印度尼西亚或澳大利亚的海岸外，一个成虫通常能长到12英寸左右;石斑鱼、鳗鱼和鲨鱼是它的天敌，在许多国家，潜水员在没有许可证的情况下不能刺鱼。狮子鱼在水族馆中也很受欢迎。成千上万的美国家庭把它们放在盐水罐里。狮子鱼整天都在水中徘徊，这使它们特别适合成为被观察的对象。TheyarealsostrikingTheyarealsostriking,withshimmerywhitebodiesoverlaidwithboldredororangestripes,aMohawkofspikesontheirbacks,andclashingpatternsontheirfinsandfaces.Theylookatoncesleekandtacky.Bowman,whoisforty-three,recallsthat,in2012,“whenIfirstsawone,IthoughtitwasafishdressedupforMardiGras.”Shewasn’tstaringthroughaquariumglass,though,ordivingoffJapan.ShewasinthewatersoftheFloridaKeys,afewmilesfromwhereshelives.它们也很引人注目，闪亮的白色身体上覆盖着醒目的红色或橙色条纹，背上有莫霍克式的尖刺，鳍和脸上有颜色不协调的图案。它们看起来既时髦又俗气。现年43岁的鲍曼回忆说，在2012年，“当我第一次看到一条鱼时，我以为它是一条为狂欢节盛装打扮的鱼。”不过，她不是透过水族馆的玻璃凝视，也不是在日本潜水。而是在佛罗里达群岛的水域，这里离她住的地方只有几英里。Atsomepointinthepasthalfcentury,somewhereinthewarmerlatitudesoftheWesternHemisphere,lionfishjumpedfromaquariumstonaturalsaltwater.Thefirstrecordedsightingwasin1985,offDaniaBeach,justnorthofMiami.在过去半个世纪的某个时候，在西半球较温暖纬度的某个地方，狮子鱼从水族馆跳出进入自然海域中。第一次目击记录是在1985年，在迈阿密北部的达尼亚海滩附近。重点词汇/短语：strikingadj.引人注目的；异乎寻常的；显著的shimmeryadj.闪烁的；微微发亮的overlaidv.覆盖；放在……上面；stripen.条纹，线条spiken.尖状物，金属钉，尖木；clashingadj.(颜色、风格等)不协调sleekadj.线条流畅的，造型优美的；时髦阔气的；tackyadj.俗气的；发黏的；divingoff从……跳水；纵身跳下latituden.纬度；纬度地区LionfishhavesucceededmightilyLionfishhavesucceededmightilyintheirnewenvironment—therearenowmanymillionsofthemintheWesternAtlantic—andthisisbadnews:theyaredestructivetonativespecies,devouringotherseacreaturesandupendingtheequilibriumofreeflife.Althoughthereisanobviousconservationbenefittoeliminatinglionfish,Bowmandoesnotthinkofherselfprimarilyasanenvironmentalist.Sheseeshertargetsasinvaders,andconsidersitherjobtorepelthem.“Whatyou'rehuntingisn'tprey—it'stheenemy”shetoldme,adding,“Isn'titnicetobeonthesideofthegoodguys?”Shealsoappreciatesthefactthattherearenoregulationsaboutlionfishkilling.“Nobaglimits,sexlimits,seasonslimits,boatlimits,gearlimits,”shesaid.“Lionfishistheonlyspeciesthatisone-hundred-per-centwideopen."狮子鱼在它们的新环境中取得了巨大的成功——现在在西大西洋有数百万条狮子鱼——这是一个坏消息:它们破坏了本地物种，吞噬了其他海洋生物，颠覆了珊瑚礁生物的平衡。虽然消灭狮子鱼有明显的保护效益，但鲍曼并不认为自己主要是一个环保主义者。她把她的目标视为入侵者，并认为击退他们是她的工作。“你追捕的不是猎物而是敌人，”她告诉我，并补充道，“站在好人一边不是很好吗?”她也很高兴没有关于狮子鱼捕杀的规定。“没有捕猎的限制，性别的限制，季节的限制，船只的限制，装备的限制，”她说。“狮子鱼是唯一一种完全开放的物种。”重点词汇/短语：mightilyadv.很，非常，很大程度上destructiveadj.破坏性的，毁灭性的devourv.吞噬，毁灭upendv.使颠倒，倒放equilibriumn.平衡，均衡eliminatev.剔除，根除；铲除，杀害primarilyadv.主要地，首要地，根本地invadern.侵略者repelv.击退，驱逐；抵御，驱除preyn.猎物，捕获物；v.捕食；regulationn.规章制度，规则bagv.捕获，猎杀（动物）gearn.（特定用途的）器械，装置HuntingthemisaHuntingthemisathrowbacktoanerawhenyoucouldgointothewaterandcomeoutofitwithwhateveryouwanted—toanera,paradoxically,beforeconservationmeasureswereneeded.Lionfishdiversareaclose-knitcommunity,stayinginoneanother'shouses,tradingdivingstories,andamiablycompetingforwhocankillthemostfish.Theirgoalisabalanced,usableecosystem:killingalionfishsavesayellowtailsnapperthat,inturn,canbecaughtfordinner.Huntinglionfishissatisfyingbutlabor-intensive.Theywon'tchaseahook,andadragnetisimpractical,becauseitwouldsnagonthereefswheretheylive.捕猎它们是一种倒退，回到了一个你可以进入水里，然后带着任何你想要的东西从水里出来的时代——矛盾的是，回到了一个不需要保护措施的时代。狮子鱼潜水者是一个关系密切的群体，他们住在彼此的房子里，交换潜水故事，并友好地竞争谁能杀死最多的鱼。他们的目标是一个平衡的、可用的生态系统:杀死一条狮子鱼可以挽救一条黄尾鲷鱼，反过来，这条鱼可以被抓作晚餐。捕猎狮子鱼令人满意，但需要大量劳动。它们不会追逐鱼钩，拖网也不实用，因为它会钩住它们生活的珊瑚礁。重点词汇/短语：throwbackn.返祖者；复古paradoxicallyadv.自相矛盾地；反常地close-knitadj.紧密的；严谨的amiablyadv.亲切地；和蔼可亲地snappern.鲷鱼labor-intensiveadj.劳动密集型的dragnetn.搜索网；收集装置impracticaladj.不明智的，不切实际的Lionfishmustbekilledonebyone,withapoleLionfishmustbekilledonebyone,withapolespear:ametalrod,withjaggedprongsattheend,thatyoulaunchthroughthewaterbydeployingarubbersling.Therearemanyvariationonthesepoles—three-foot,sevenfoot,three-pronged,five-pronged—andtheyhavesuchnamesastheLionfishBusterandtheLionator.Inthepasttwodecades,manydivershavemadehuntinglionfishtheirobsession,butnobodyappearstohavedoneitwiththeintensityofBowman.Inthetenyearsthatshehasbeendiving,shehasgoneoutroughlythreetimesaweek.狮子鱼必须被一个接一个地杀死，用的是一根极矛:一根末端有锯齿状尖头的金属棒，你可以展开一根橡胶吊带，把它从水中发射出去。这些鱼竿有很多变种——三英尺长、七英尺长、三叉长、五叉长——它们有狮子鱼破坏者这样的名字。在过去的二十年里，许多潜水者把捕捉狮子鱼作为自己的目标，但似乎没有人能像鲍曼那样全力以赴。在她从事潜水的十年里，她大约每周外出三次。重点词汇重点词汇/短语：spearn.矛；标枪rodn.棒，杆；钓竿，鱼竿jaggedadj.锯齿状的；参差不齐的prongn.尖齿deployv.部署，调度；利用slingn.投石器variationn.变化，变动obsessionn.痴迷，困扰；令人着迷的人（或事物）intensityn.强烈，剧烈roughlyadv.粗略地，大约AnimageofalionfishspearistattooedAnimageofalionfishspearistattooedonherarm.OntheInternet,thereisaphotographofBowmanholdingapolespearstuddedwithmorethanadozenfreshlykilledlionfish—agaudyfishkebab.Lionfishcanbedangerous:theirspinescontainoneofthemostpowerfulneurotoxinsintheaquaticworld;theirMohawkisvenomous,asarethetwospikesontheirpelvicfinsandthethreebytheiranalglands.Likemostlionfishhunters,Bowmanhasbeenstungrepeatedly—atleastthirtytimes,shetoldme.Shewearsgloveswhenshedives,butthatmakeslittledifference.“Youcantellmeyouhaveapuncture-proofglove,blahblahblah,”shesaid.“ButI'mgonnalaughatyou."她的手臂上纹着狮子鱼矛的图案。在互联网上，有一张鲍曼手持杆矛的照片，矛上插满了十几条刚被杀死的狮子鱼—一串华丽的鱼串。狮子鱼可能是危险的:它们的刺含有水生世界中最强大的神经毒素之一;它们的莫霍克发型是有毒的，腹鳍上的两根尖刺和肛门腺上的三根尖刺也是有毒的。像大多数狮子鱼猎人一样，鲍曼多次被蛰伤—至少30次，她告诉我。她潜水时戴着手套，但这没什么区别。“你可以告诉我你有防刺手套，等等等等，”她说。“但我会嘲笑你的。”重点词汇/短语：tattoov.（在皮肤上）刺花纹，给……文身studv.用饰钉（或类似物）装饰gaudyadj.华而不实的；俗丽的kebabn.烤肉串spinen.脊髓，脊柱neurotoxinn.[生化]神经毒素aquaticadj.水生的，水栖的venomousadj.有毒的；恶毒的pelvicadj.骨盆的stungv.刺；螫；使疼痛puncture-proofadj.防刺破的重点词汇/重点词汇/短语：Tournamentn.锦标赛，联赛gruellingadj.折磨人的；繁重累人的；使人精疲力尽的at