雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Environmental Management （环境管理）（南开）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthepracticeofenvironmentalmanagement()AintegrativeandinterdisciplinaryBabstractandtheoreticalCelitistandunnecessaryDtheoreticalandcontroversial第2题Ingeneral,naturalresources()AshouldnotbeusedBareevenlydividedamongallcountriesCbelongonlytothoseonwhosepropertytheyexistDshouldbeusedefficientlyandconservedEshouldbeusedbyeveryoneequally第3题Sincecleanairandwaterareclearlyvaluable,onewouldexpectthatastheybecomescarcertheirpriceshouldalsorise,makingitmoreexpensivetopollute.Yetthisclearlydoesnothappeninreallife,because()AscientificuncertaintyBmarketfailureCmismatchedscaleDcognitivebiasesEnontraditionalinterests第4题Typeofdisciplinedescribingenvironmentalmanagement()AinterdisciplinaryscienceBecologyCsocialscience第5题Solutionstoenvironmentalproblems()AmustbedesignedwithsustainablegoalsBarebestdesignedanddiscussedinthepoliticalarenaCmustbeshorttermDmustbeonalocalscaleEcanbeimplementedonlybyscientists第6题Geothermalenergy,windenergy,andsolarradiationareallexamplesof________()AbiodiversityBbiodegradablematerialsCrenewableenvironmentalresourcesDnonrenewableresourcesEbioticenvironmentalfactorsFcontributetokeepingecosystemsproductive第7题Externalcostsinclude________()AwagesButilitiesCworker'scompensationandinsuranceDenvironmentaldamageErawmaterials第8题Thegreatestcauseoftheworldwidelossofspeciesis________()AwaterpollutionBairpollutionChabitatdestructionDdecreasedsoilnutrientsEanthropogenicactivities第9题Howtoactinfaceofscientificuncertainty()AdevelopbetterinformationBdonothingCapplytheprecautionaryprincipleDbymajorityopinion第10题Whichofthefollowingsarepublicgoods()AcleanairBscenicvistasCecosystemservicesDnationaldefense第11题Apublicgoodhastwocharacteristics()Anon-rivalryBnon-excludabilityCrivalryDexcludability第12题Whichofthefollowingsituationsmayleadtomarketfailure()ApublicgoodsBtragedyofcommonsCfreeridersDexternality第13题Whichofthefollowingsareexamplesfornegativeproductionexternalities()AAirpollutionfromburningfossilfuels.Thisactivitycausesdamagestocrops,(historic)buildingsandpublichealth.BTrafficCongestionCWaterpollutionbyindustriesthataddseffluent,whichharmsplants,animals,andhumans.DNoisepollution-Sleepdeprivationduetoaneighborlisteningtoloudmusiclateatnight.第14题Whichofthefollowingsareexamplesfornegativeconsumptionexternalities()AAnindividualreceivingavaccinationforacommunicablediseaseBAntibioticresistance-causedbyincreasedusageofantibiotics.CIncreasededucationofindividualsDPassivesmoking-Sharedcostsofdeclininghealthandvitalitycausedbysmokingand/oralcoholabuse.第15题Whichofthefollowingsareexamplesforpositiveproductionexternalities()AAbeekeeperwhokeepsthebeesfortheirhoneyBAnindustrialcompanyprovidingfirstaidclassesforemployeestoincreaseonthejobsafety.Thismayalsosavelivesoutsidethefactory.CAforeignfirmthatdemonstratesup-to-datetechnologiestolocalfirmsandimprovestheirproductivity.DTheconstructionandoperationofanairport第16题Whichofthefollowingsareexamplesforpositiveconsumptionexternalities()AAnindividualwhomaintainsanattractivehousemayconferbenefitstoneighborsintheformofincreasedmarketvaluesfortheirproperties.BAnindividualreceivingavaccinationforacommunicabledisease.CDrivinganelectricvehiclechargedbyelectricityfromarenewablesource,reducinggreenhousegasemissionsandimprovinglocalairqualityandpublichealth.DIncreasededucationofindividuals.第1题Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentincludes()AthefastestwaystoeconomicprosperityBtheneedsoffuturegenerationsCconvenienceandglobaleconomicimprovementsDgrowthinprofitsfrominternationaltradeEtheimportanceofdevelopingthearts第2题YouhavereadaboutthemistakesmadeonEasterIsland.OnTikopia,anothersmallisland,thepeopleactedinotherways.Whentheyrealizedthatthepigstheyhadimportedweredamagingtheenvironment,theykilledthemall.Theyhadtohavepermissionfromachieftofish,whichpreventedoverfishing.Theyalsopracticedcontraception.Theseactionsallindicatethat()AtheyfeltthateverythingwasanonrenewableresourceBtheywereconcernedwithonlyoneyearatatimeCtheybelievedinfullresourceutilizationDtheytrulypracticedsustainabilityEtheyfeltthateverythingwasarenewableresource第3题Sustainability()AensuresaneconomythatwilldeclineovertimeBispossiblegivenourincreaseduseoffertilizersandtechnologyforagricultureCisimpossibletoaccomplishDisbeyondourcurrenttechnologyandattitudesEinvolvesusingresourceswithoutcompromisingfutureavailability第4题Pesticideuse()AcanbeeliminatedbychangingtheseasonwhencropsareplantedBwillbeeliminatedaspestsdecreaseasaconsequenceofyearsofpesticideuseCposesnoenvironmentalthreatinthiscountryDmaybeanecessarypartofmoderntechnologicalagricultureEwillnotbeaproblemaswelearntogeneticallymodifypredators第5题Whenpopulationsapproachtheircarryingcapacity,theirresources()AdecreaseinsupplybutaremoreaccessibletocompetitorsBincreasebecausepopulationsaredecreasingCincreaseinsupplyasthepopulationsizedecreasestozeroDarenotaconcernastheyareusuallyinfiniteinsupplyEbecomemorescarceasgrowthratedecreasestozero第6题Ingeneral,environmentalistsbelievethatgovernmentsshould()ApromotesocialandenvironmentaljusticeBnationalizeallEarth'snaturalresourcesCdiscourageecolabelingDderegulatecorporationsElowercorporatetaxes第7题________isbestdefinedasthestudyofhowwedecidetousescarceresourcesinthefaceofdemand()AEconomicsBEthicsCEthnobiologyDEcologyEEnvironmentalscience第8题________involvesthefairtreatmentandmeaningfulinvolvementofallpeopleregardlessofrace,color,nationalorigin,orincome,withrespecttothedevelopment,implementation,andenforcementofenvironmentallaws,regulations,andpolicies()AEnvironmentaljusticeBLandethicsCSocialismDEcologicaljusticeEConservation第9题________referstomeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutsacrificingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds()ASocialjusticeBEconomicdevelopmentCSustainabledevelopmentDSustainablesubsistenceEEcologicaldevelopment第10题Whichofthefollowingwouldcontributetoarapidincreaseincrudeoilprices()AincreasedavailabilityofalternativefuelsBincreaseinsupplyofoilCincreaseindemandforoilDdecreaseindemandforoilEhighergastaxes第11题Whywouldtheconsumptionoffossilsfuelsremainhigh,despitehighprices()AbadweatherBpoliticalunrestintheMiddleEastCexcessivesuppliesoffossilfuelsDnonrenewabilityoffossilfuelsEculturalpreferencesandresistancetochange第12题Whatfactormightleadtomorepoliticalsupportforhigherfuel-efficiencystandards()AevenhigheroilpricesBanendtopoliticalinstabilityintheMiddleEastCloweroilpricesDreleaseofoilfromthenationalpetroleumreservesEagreatersupplyofoil第13题Whatalternativemeasuremightthegovernmenttaketoaidinthefossilfuelcrisis()AdrillforoilofftheFloridacoastBapprovelegislationtoprovidemorefundingtodeveloprenewableenergyCbuildmoreoilrefineriesDreopenclosedcoalminesEabolishgreentaxes第14题Whatmeasure()mightconsumerstaketoaidinthefossilfuelcrisis()ApurchaseonlydomesticfuelBlobbythegovernmenttostopindustrypermittradingCprotesthightaxesonfossilfuelsDusepublictransportationanddemandfuel-efficientvehiclesEpurchaseonlyimportedfuel第15题Thebasisforgovernmentpolicyregardingenvironmentalissues()Acomesfromthesciences,withinputfromthepublicandprivatesectorsBcomesprimarilyfromtheprivatesectorCcomesonlyfromthenaturalandsocialsciencesandisacteduponwithoutbiasDcomesfromboththepublicandtheprivatesectorsEisprimarilydrivenbylobbying第16题Environmentalpolicyaimsto()ApreserveallpresentnaturalareasintheirpristineconditionBpromoteeconomicgrowthCprotectthevaluesofthelandownerDusenaturalresourcesforeconomicallyimportantindustrialproductsEpromotefairnessamongpeopleandgroupsintheuseofresources第17题RachelCarson'sbookSilentSpring,publishedinthe1960s()AwasconcernedwithbirthdefectsinhumansBawakenedtheAmericanpublictonegativeeffectsofartificialhormonesCfocusedonchemicalpollutants,includingindustrialchemicalsDwasthebeginningofthefirstwaveofEwarnedofinsectpollinatorlossesthroughpesticideuseFS.environmentalpolicy第18题Tocontrolpollution,industryhasbeengivenlimitsandbeenthreatenedwithpunishmentiftheselimitsareviolated.Thisapproachiscalled()AendofthealleyBcommand-and-controlClastchanceDcarrotandstickElimitandmanage第19题Environmentalpublicpolicyisintendedto()AimprovehumanwelfareandprotectthenaturalworldBmaximizeeconomicprofitwhileminimizingpublicdiscontentCmeasuretheimpactofindustrialwastesontheenvironmentDensureaccesstonaturalresourcesforindustryEpromotetheharvestingofnaturalresources第20题Sustainableeconomicandenvironmentalpolicieswillshiftthefocusfrom()Aeconomicgrowthtothewell-beingofhumansBsustainabilitytoproductivityCproductivitytoeconomicgrowthDnationaleconomicgrowthtoglobaleconomicgrowthEproductivitytoprofitsAssignment03第1题HowdoestheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmental()affectenvironmentalpolicy()ATheMEEdevelopsenvironmentalrulesandregulationsbasedonlawspassedbyNationalPeople'sCongress.BTheMEEfundsecologicalstudiesthatinformtheexecutivebranchaboutwhatenvironmentallawsareneeded.CTheMEEpasseslawsthatcontrolenvironmentalregulations.DTheMEEdetermineswhichlawspassedbythejudicialbranchapplytoenvironmentalpolicy.第2题RegardingenvironmentallawsandtheConstitutionofChina()AfundamentalenvironmentalpolicyisalreadysetforthintheConstitutionBenvironmentallawscannotviolatetheConstitutionCinacaseofconflict,environmentallawsalwaystakeprecedenceovertheConstitution第3题TheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentcarriesoutthesupervisionandadministrationofthenationalenvironmentalprotectionaffairsundertheleadershipof()AtheStateCouncilBNationalPeople'sCongressCChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceDPRCpresident.第4题()managesenergysaving;recyclingeconomy,energyandresourceconservationandcomprehensiveutilization;ecologicalcivilization,environment-friendlyindustries,andcleanerproductionpromotion()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofTransportDMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology第5题()manageswaterpollutioninportsandwharves()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofTransportDMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology第6题()managescleanerproductioninagriculturesector()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairsDMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology第7题()managesthesurvey,monitoringandevaluationofnaturalresources()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairsDMinistryofNaturalResources第8题()managesbuildingenergyconservation,planningonurbansolidwastedisposalfacilities()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentDMinistryofNaturalResources第9题()managesdevelopmentandutilizationofwaterresources()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofWaterResourcesDMinistryofNaturalResources第10题()managesthecensus,excavation,protectionandutilizationofculturalandtourismresources()AMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentBNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionCMinistryofCultureandTourismDMinistryofNaturalResources第11题TheconstructionanddevelopmentofenvironmentalprotectionagenciesinChinawasinitiatedinthe()A1960sB1970sC1980sD1990s第12题In1974()wasfoundedundertheStateCounciltomarkthecommencementoftheformationofChina’senvironmentalprotectionagencies()AtheLeadingGroupofEnvironmentalProtectionBtheMinistryofUrbanandRuralConstructionandEnvironmentalProtectionCtheEnvironmentalProtectionCommissionDtheStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration第13题China’scurrentenvironmentalprotectionmanagementsystemwasestablishedinaccordancewiththeand()AConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaBtheCivilCodeofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaCtheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonEnvironmentalProtectionDCriminalLawofthePeople'sR