2026年天文英语专业词汇试题含答案

2026年天文英语专业词汇试题含答案一、单选题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）说明：每题提供四个选项，请选择最符合题意的答案。1.WhatisthetermfortheapparentpathoftheSunacrosstheskythroughouttheyear?A.EclipticB.ZenithC.NadirD.Meridian2.Whichofthefollowingdescribesacelestialobjectthatorbitsastarbutisnotmassiveenoughtosustainnuclearfusion?A.PlanetB.StarC.DwarfPlanetD.Comet3.Thephenomenonwherelightfromadistantstarisbentbythegravityofamassiveobjectbetweenthestarandtheobserveriscalled:A.GravitationalLensingB.OccultationC.ParallaxD.Supernova4.WhatisthetermforthepointinthesolarsystemwheretheEarth'sorbitalspeedisslowest?A.AphelionB.PerihelionC.SolsticeD.Equinox5.Astronomersusetheterm"redshift"todescribe:A.TheshiftingofspectrallinestowardlongerwavelengthsB.ThemovementofcelestialobjectsawayfromEarthC.ThefadingofstarlightoverdistanceD.Theappearanceofstarsindifferentcolors6.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeprimarilyobserveswhichtypeofelectromagneticradiation?A.RadioWavesB.InfraredC.UltravioletD.X-rays7.Whatisthetermfortheregionaroundablackholewherematterispulledinbutlightcannotescape?A.AccretionDiskB.EventHorizonC.ErgosphereD.Perihelion8.Thestudyofthedistributionandevolutionofgalaxiesintheuniverseisknownas:A.CosmologyB.PlanetaryScienceC.StellarAstrophysicsD.ExtragalacticAstronomy9.Astronomersmeasurethebrightnessofstarsusingthemagnitudescale,whereasmallernumberindicates:A.BrighterAppearanceB.DimmerAppearanceC.HigherTemperatureD.GreaterDistance10.WhatisthetermforthepointwheretheEarth'sequatorialplaneintersectstheeclipticplane?A.SolsticeB.EquinoxC.CelestialPolesD.OrbitalInclination二、填空题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）说明：请根据题意填写合适的英文单词。1.TheforcethatkeepsplanetsinorbitaroundtheSuniscalled________.2.Ahighlyluminous,temporaryastronomicaleventcausedbytheexplosionofamassivestariscalleda________.3.TheapparentchangeinthepositionofnearbystarsduetotheEarth'smotionisknownas________.4.Theoutermostlayerofastar'satmosphere,visibleduringtotalsolareclipses,iscalledthe________.5.Thestudyoftheformation,structure,andbehaviorofstarsiscalled________.6.TheapparentshiftinthepositionofastarcausedbytheEarth'sorbitiscalled________.7.Theregionwhereaplanet'smagneticfieldinteractswithsolarwindiscalledthe________.8.ThetermfortheapparentretrogrademotionofplanetsasobservedfromEarthis________.9.Theprocessbywhichlightfromadistantobjectisstretchedtolongerwavelengthsduetotheexpansionoftheuniverseiscalled________.10.Thepointinaplanet'sorbitwhereitisfarthestfromtheSuniscalled________.三、匹配题（共5题，每题2分，共10分）说明：将左侧的英文术语与右侧的中文解释进行匹配。|A.|B.|||-||1.Nebula|A.Theregionwhereablackhole'sgravityisstrongest||2.GravitationalLensing|B.Acloudofgasanddustinspace||3.EventHorizon|C.Thebendingoflightbygravity||4.Aphelion|D.ThefarthestpointfromtheSun||5.Perihelion|E.Amassive,luminousclusterofstars|四、判断题（共10题，每题1分，共10分）说明：判断下列说法的正误（True/False）。1.Asupernovaisthedeathofamassivestar.(True/False)2.TheNorthStarisaplanet.(True/False)3.TheMilkyWayisagalaxy.(True/False)4.TheAndromedaGalaxyisapproachingtheMilkyWay.(True/False)5.Areddwarfstarismoremassivethanasun-likestar.(True/False)6.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeprimarilyobservesvisiblelight.(True/False)7.Acomet'stailalwayspointsawayfromtheSun.(True/False)8.TheHubbleConstantmeasurestherateofcosmicexpansion.(True/False)9.TheVLT(VeryLargeTelescope)islocatedinChile.(True/False)10.AlunareclipseoccurswhentheEarthblockssunlightfromreachingtheMoon.(True/False)五、简答题（共5题，每题4分，共20分）说明：用简短的英文句子回答下列问题。1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenapulsarandaquasar?2.Explaintheterm"darkmatter."3.HowdoestheDopplereffectrelatetothecolorofstars?4.WhatisthepurposeoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope?5.DescribethephasesoftheMoon.六、翻译题（共5题，每题4分，共20分）说明：将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.木星是太阳系中最大的行星。2.科学家通过观测恒星的光谱来研究其化学成分。3.护星带是火星和木星之间的小行星密集区域。4.宇宙微波背景辐射是宇宙大爆炸的残余热量。5.天文学家使用射电望远镜探测来自遥远星系的信号。答案与解析一、单选题答案1.A(Ecliptic)2.C(DwarfPlanet)3.A(GravitationalLensing)4.A(Aphelion)5.A(Redshift)6.C(Ultraviolet)7.B(EventHorizon)8.A(Cosmology)9.B(DimmerAppearance)10.B(Equinox)解析：-1.TheeclipticistheapparentpathoftheSunintheskyduetoEarth'sorbit.-2.Dwarfplanetsaresmallerthanplanetsbutnotmassiveenoughfornuclearfusion.-3.Gravitationallensingoccurswhenmassiveobjectsbendlight.-4.Aphelionisthefarthestpointinanellipticalorbit.-5.Redshiftisthestretchingoflighttolongerwavelengths.-6.TheHubbleTelescopeprimarilyusesultraviolettoobservedistantgalaxies.-7.Theeventhorizonisthepointbeyondwhichnothingcanescapeablackhole.-8.Cosmologystudiesthelarge-scalestructureoftheuniverse.-9.Asmallermagnitudenumbermeansbrighterappearance.-10.TheequinoxiswhereEarth'sequatorintersectstheecliptic.二、填空题答案1.Gravity2.Supernova3.Parallax4.Chromosphere5.StellarAstrophysics6.ProperMotion7.Magnetosphere8.RetrogradeMotion9.Blueshift10.Aphelion解析：-1.Gravitykeepsplanetsinorbit.-2.Asupernovaisamassivestarexplosion.-3.Parallaxistheapparentshiftofnearbystars.-4.Thechromosphereisvisibleduringsolareclipses.-5.Stellarastrophysicsstudiesstarbehavior.-6.Propermotionistheactualmovementofstars.-7.Themagnetosphereistheplanet'smagneticregion.-8.Retrogrademotionistheapparentbackwardmovementofplanets.-9.Blueshiftistheshorteningoflightwavelengths.-10.AphelionisthefarthestpointfromtheSun.三、匹配题答案1-B2-C3-A4-D5-E解析：-Nebula:Cloudsofgasanddustinspace.-GravitationalLensing:Bendingoflightbygravity.-EventHorizon:Theboundaryofablackhole.-Aphelion:FarthestpointfromtheSun.-Perihelion:ClosestpointtotheSun.四、判断题答案1.True2.False(Polarisisastar)3.True4.True5.False(Reddwarfsarelessmassive)6.False(JamesWebbobservesinfrared)7.True8.True9.True10.True解析：-1.Supernovasaretheexplosionsofmassivestars.-2.Polarisisastar,notaplanet.-3.TheMilkyWayisagalaxy.-4.Andromedaismovingtowardus.-5.Reddwarfsaresmallerthansun-likestars.-6.JamesWebbusesinfrared,notvisiblelight.-7.Comets'tailspointawayfromtheSunduetosolarwind.-8.TheHubbleConstantmeasurescosmicexpansion.-9.TheVLTisinChile.-10.AlunareclipseoccurswhenEarthblockssunlightfromtheMoon.五、简答题答案1.Pulsarvs.Quasar:-Apulsarisarapidlyrotatingneutronstaremittingbeamsofradiation.-Aquasarisanextremelyluminousactivegalacticnucleuspoweredbyasupermassiveblackhole.2.DarkMatter:-Darkmatterisaninvisibleformofmatterthatdoesn'temitlightbutexertsgravitationaleffects.3.DopplerEffectandStarColor:-Ifastarmovesaway,itslightisredshifted