2024年高一英语阅读词义猜测训练

352.2024年高一英语阅读词义猜测训练考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______姓名：__________班级：__________分数：__________一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thehumanbrainisincrediblycomplex,butscientistsaregraduallyuncoveringitsmysteries.Oneareaofresearchfocusesonhowthebrainprocessesinformationfromtheenvironment.Forexample,whenyouseeanobject,suchasanapple,variousneuronsinyourbrainfiretoprocessthevisualinformation.Thisinformationisthentransmittedtootherpartsofthebrain,allowingyoutorecognizetheobjectandunderstanditscharacteristics.Neuronsarethebasicfunctionalunitsofthebrain.Eachneuronconsistsofacellbody,dendrites,andanaxon.Dendritesreceivesignalsfromotherneurons,whiletheaxontransmitssignalstootherneurons.Thesesignalsaretransmittedthroughaprocesscalledsynaptictransmission.Whenanelectricalsignalreachestheendofanaxon,ittriggersthereleaseofchemicalmessengerscalledneurotransmitters.Theseneurotransmitterscrossthesmallgapbetweenneurons,calledthesynapse,andbindtoreceptorsonthereceivingneuron,thuspassingthesignalalong.Thebrain'sabilitytoadaptandchangeisknownasneuroplasticity.Thismeansthatthebraincanreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.Neuroplasticityallowsthebraintolearnnewskills,recoverfrominjury,andadapttonewenvironments.Forexample,whenyoulearnanewlanguage,thebrainareasresponsibleforlanguageprocessingbecomemoreactiveandmayevengrowinsize.Anotherfascinatingaspectofthebrainisitsabilitytoperformmultipletaskssimultaneously.Thisisknownasmultitasking.However,thebrainisnotveryefficientatmultitasking.Whenwetrytodotwothingsatonce,ourbrainhastoswitchbetweentasks,whichcanslowdownourperformanceandincreasethelikelihoodoferrors.Therefore,itisgenerallybettertofocusononetaskatatimetomaximizeourbrain'sefficiency.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thebrainisacomplexorganthatscientistsarestudyingtounderstanditsfunctions.B.Neuronsarethebasicunitsofthebrainandtheycommunicatewitheachotherthroughneurotransmitters.C.Neuroplasticityallowsthebraintoadaptandchangethroughoutlife.D.Multitaskingisanefficientwayforthebraintoprocessinformation.2.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenswhenanelectricalsignalreachestheendofanaxon?A.Ittriggersthereleaseofneurotransmitters.B.Itcausesthedendritestoreceivesignalsfromotherneurons.C.Itmakestheaxontransmitsignalstootherneurons.D.Itleadstotheformationofnewneuralconnections.3.Theword"fascinating"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.BoringB.InterestingC.ConfusingD.Difficult4.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenmultitaskingandfocusingononetaskatatime?A.Multitaskingisfasterthanfocusingononetask.B.Focusingononetaskismoreefficientthanmultitasking.C.Multitaskinginvolvesmoreneuronsthanfocusingononetask.D.Focusingononetaskcanleadtothereleaseofmoreneurotransmitters.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thebraincannotadapttonewenvironments.B.Learninganewlanguagecanchangethestructureofthebrain.C.Neuronsdonotcommunicatewitheachother.D.Itisalwaysbesttoperformmultipletasksatthesametime.二、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最符合短文意思的选项。Inrecentyears,theissueofclimatechangehasbecomeamajorconcernforpeoplearoundtheworld.Risingglobaltemperaturesarecausingavarietyofenvironmentalproblems,suchasmeltingicecaps,risingsealevels,andmorefrequentextremeweatherevents.Theseproblemsposeasignificantthreattoecosystems,humanhealth,andeconomicstability.Oneofthemaincausesofclimatechangeistheincreaseingreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Greenhousegases,suchascarbondioxideandmethane,trapheatfromthesunandpreventitfromescapingbackintospace.ThisleadstoawarmingoftheEarth'ssurface.Theburningoffossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas,forenergyandtransportationisamajorsourceofgreenhousegasemissions.Anothercontributingfactortoclimatechangeisdeforestation.Treesabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,sowhenforestsarecutdown,thisnaturalcarbonsinkisreduced.Thismeansthatmorecarbondioxideremainsintheatmosphere,furthercontributingtoglobalwarming.Deforestationalsoleadstosoilerosionandthelossofbiodiversity.Thereareseveralwaysthatindividualscanhelpmitigateclimatechange.Onewayistoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Thiscanbedonebyusingpublictransportation,cycling,orwalkinginsteadofdriving.Anotherwayistoconserveenergyathomebyturningofflightsandapplianceswhentheyarenotinuse.Additionally,peoplecanchoosetoeatlessmeat,aslivestockfarmingproducessignificantamountsofmethane.Governmentsalsohaveacrucialroletoplayinaddressingclimatechange.Theycanimplementpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissions,suchastaxesoncarbonemissionsandsubsidiesforrenewableenergy.Internationalcooperationisalsoessential,asclimatechangeisaglobalproblemthatrequiresacollectiveefforttosolve.6.Whatistheprimarycauseofclimatechangeaccordingtothepassage?A.Theincreaseingreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.B.Theburningoffossilfuelsforenergyandtransportation.C.Deforestationandthelossoftrees.D.Thedecreaseinsolaractivity.7.Whatisthemaineffectofdeforestationontheenvironment?A.Itincreasestheamountofoxygenintheatmosphere.B.ItreducestheEarth'ssurfacetemperature.C.Itleadstoadecreaseincarbondioxidelevels.D.Itcausessoilerosionandbiodiversityloss.8.Whatdoesthephrase"mitigateclimatechange"mean?A.Toworsentheeffectsofclimatechange.B.Toslowdowntheprocessofclimatechange.C.Toignoretheproblemofclimatechange.D.Tostopclimatechangecompletely.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanindividualsdotoreducetheircarbonfootprint?A.Buymorecarsanddrivethemfrequently.B.Usepublictransportation,conserveenergy,andeatlessmeat.C.Plantmoretreesandcreatemoreforests.D.Usemorefossilfuelstogenerateelectricity.10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Climatechangeisaproblemthatrequiresindividualandgovernmentaction.B.Greenhousegasesaretheonlycauseofclimatechange.C.Deforestationhasnoimpactontheenvironment.D.Renewableenergyisnotaviablesolutiontoclimatechange.三、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出能够填入空白处的最佳选项。TheInternethasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate,work,andaccessinformation.However,ithasalsobroughtaboutsomenegativeconsequences.Onemajorconcernistheissueofcyberbullying.Cyberbullyingistheuseofdigitaltechnologytobullyaperson,typicallybysendingmessagesofanintimidatingorthreateningnature.Itcantakemanyforms,suchassendinghatefulmessages,spreadingrumors,orpostingembarrassingphotosonline.Cyberbullyingcanhaveseriousconsequencesforvictims.Itcanleadtofeelingsofisolation,anxiety,anddepression.Insomecases,ithasevenresultedintragicoutcomes,suchassuicide.TheanonymityoftheInternetcanmakecyberbullyingparticularlydifficulttoaddress,asbulliesmayfeellessaccountablefortheiractions.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetakentopreventandaddresscyberbullying.Schoolsandparentsshouldeducatechildrenaboutthedangersofcyberbullyingandtheimportanceofonlinesafety.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoreportincidentsofcyberbullyingtoadultstheytrust.Socialmediaplatformsalsohavearesponsibilitytocreatesaferonlineenvironments.Theycandothisbyimplementingstricterpoliciesagainstcyberbullyingandprovidingtoolsforuserstoblockandreportabusivebehavior.AnothernegativeconsequenceoftheInternetisthespreadofmisinformation.Theeasewithwhichinformationcanbesharedonlinehasmadeitdifficulttodistinguishbetweenaccurateandfalseinformation.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,asmisinformationcaninfluencepublicopinion,manipulateelections,andeveninciteviolence.Tocombatthespreadofmisinformation,itisimportantforindividualstodevelopcriticalthinkingskills.Theyshouldlearntoevaluatethecredibilityofonlinesourcesandbeawareofcommontacticsusedtospreadfalseinformation.Medialiteracyeducationcanalsoplayaroleinhelpingpeoplebecomemorediscerningconsumersofonlineinformation.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheInternethasbroughtaboutmanypositivechangesinourlives.B.CyberbullyingandthespreadofmisinformationaretwonegativeconsequencesoftheInternet.C.Schoolsandparentsshouldberesponsibleforpreventingcyberbullying.D.Socialmediaplatformsshouldbeheldaccountableforthecontentthatispostedontheirsites.12.Whatisthemaineffectofcyberbullyingonvictims?A.Itmakesthemfeelhappyandconfident.B.Itcanleadtofeelingsofisolation,anxiety,anddepression.C.Itencouragesthemtoengageinbullyingbehavior.D.Ithasnosignificantimpactontheirmentalhealth.13.Theword"accountable"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.ResponsibleB.AnxiousC.AnonymousD.Embarrassed14.Whatcanindividualsdotocombatthespreadofmisinformation?A.Shareinformationfreelywithoutcheckingitscredibility.B.Developcriticalthinkingskillsandevaluatethecredibilityofonlinesources.C.Relyonsocialmediaplatformstofilteroutfalseinformation.D.Ignoreonlineinformationaltogether.15.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.TheInternethasnonegativeconsequences.B.Cyberbullyingisnotaseriousproblem.C.Misinformationisonlyspreadbymaliciousindividuals.D.Criticalthinkingskillsareimportantfornavigatingtheonlineworld.四、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最符合短文意思的选项。Thepursuitofhappinessisauniversalhumangoal.However,whathappinessmeanstoeachindividualcanvarygreatly.Forsome,happinessmaybeachievedthroughmaterialwealthandsuccess.Forothers,itmaycomefromrelationships,personalgrowth,orcontributingtosociety.Thereisnosingleformulaforhappiness,asitisasubjectiveexperiencethatisinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors.Oneimportantfactorinhappinessismentalhealth.Peoplewhosufferfrommentalhealthissues,suchasdepressionoranxiety,arelesslikelytoexperiencehappiness.Thisisbecausetheseconditionscannegativelyimpactaperson'smood,outlookonlife,andabilitytoenjoyactivities.Therefore,takingcareofone'smentalhealthiscrucialforexperiencinghappiness.Anotherfactoristhequalityofrelationships.Humansaresocialcreatures,andhavingstrong,supportiverelationshipswithfamily,friends,andcommunitycancontributesignificantlytohappiness.Theserelationshipsprovideasenseofbelonging,love,andsupport,whichareessentialforwell-being.Personalgrowthandself-acceptancearealsoimportantforhappiness.Settinggoals,learningnewskills,andchallengingoneselfcanleadtoasenseofaccomplishmentandfulfillment.Additionally,acceptingoneselfforwhooneis,includingone'sflawsandstrengths,cancontributetoamorepositiveoutlookonlife.Finally,contributingtosomethinglargerthanoneselfcanalsobringabouthappiness.Thiscanbedonethroughvolunteering,helpingothers,orengaginginactivitiesthatalignwithone'svalues.Helpingothersandmakingapositiveimpactontheworldcanprovideasenseofpurposeandmeaning,whicharekeycomponentsofhappiness.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Happinessisauniversalhumangoal,butitsdefinitionvariesfrompersontoperson.B.Materialwealthandsuccessarethekeytohappiness.C.Mentalhealth,relationships,personalgrowth,andcontributingtosocietyareallimportantforhappiness.D.Happinessissolelydeterminedbygeneticsandcannotbeinfluencedbyexternalfactors.17.Whatisthemaineffectofmentalhealthissuesonaperson'shappiness?A.Itmakesthemmorelikelytoexperiencehappiness.B.Ithasnosignificantimpactontheirhappiness.C.Itnegativelyimpactstheirmood,outlookonlife,andabilitytoenjoyactivities.D.Itmakesthemmorefocusedonachievingmaterialwealth.18.Theword"accomplishment"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.FailureB.GoalC.FulfillmentD.Challenge19.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenpersonalgrowthandcontributingtosomethinglargerthanoneself?A.Personalgrowthfocusesonindividualgoals,whilecontributingtosomethinglargerfocusesonhelpingothers.B.Personalgrowthinvolveslearningnewskills,whilecontributingtosomethinglargerinvolvesvolunteering.C.Personalgrowthisinternal,whilecontributingtosomethinglargerisexternal.D.Personalgrowthismoreimportantthancontributingtosomethinglarger.20.Whatis