2026年研究生入学考试全国统考英语政治专业课试题及答案

2026年研究生入学考试全国统考英语政治专业课试题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________试卷名称：2026年研究生入学考试全国统考英语、政治、专业课试题考核对象：报考2026年研究生入学考试的考生题型分值分布：-判断题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（总共3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（总共2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分---###一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwriting.2.Themainideaofaparagraphisusuallystatedinthefirstsentence.3.IntheUnitedStates,theelectoralcollegesystemdeterminesthepresident'selectionoutcomedirectlybypopularvote.4.KarlMarx'stheoryofsurplusvalueprimarilyfocusesonlaborproductivityratherthancapitalaccumulation.5.TheRenaissanceperiodmarkedthebeginningofmodernsciencewithfigureslikeGalileoandNewton.6.DNAreplicationoccursexclusivelyduringthemitoticphaseofthecellcycle.7.TheGreatWallofChinaisvisiblefromspacewiththenakedeye.8.Quantummechanicsexplainsthebehaviorofparticlesatmacroscopicscales.9.TheTreatyofVersailleswasakeyfactorintheriseofNaziGermany.10.Feministtheoryprimarilycritiquespatriarchalstructuresinsociety.---###二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1.WhichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofthepresentperfecttenseinEnglish?A.ReferstoanactioncompletedinthepastB.EmphasizesthedurationofanactionfrompasttopresentC.IndicatesafutureactionD.Isusedforhypotheticalsituations2.InMarxisttheory,whatdoes"base"referto?A.IdeologicalsuperstructureB.EconomicrelationsC.PoliticalinstitutionsD.Culturalnorms3.Whichscientistproposedthetheoryofgeneralrelativity?A.IsaacNewtonB.AlbertEinsteinC.NikolaTeslaD.StephenHawking4.Theterm"paradigmshift"waspopularizedbywhichphilosopher?A.KarlPopperB.ThomasKuhnC.FriedrichNietzscheD.Jean-PaulSartre5.Whatistheprimarypurposeofathesisstatementinacademicwriting?A.Tointroducetheauthor'spersonalopinionB.TosummarizetheentireessayC.TopresentthemainargumentofthepaperD.Toprovidebackgroundinformation6.Whichofthefollowingisakeyconceptinquantummechanics?A.ClassicaldeterminismB.Wave-particledualityC.NewtonianmechanicsD.Relativisticmass7.TheMagnaCarta(1215)issignificantbecauseit:A.EstablisheddemocracyinEnglandB.LimitedthepowerofthemonarchyC.EndedtheHundredYears'WarD.Introducedtheconceptofhumanrights8.WhichofthefollowingisacharacteristicoffeudalisminmedievalEurope?A.CentralizedgovernmentauthorityB.AbsolutemonarchiesC.ManorialeconomyD.Industrialproduction9.TheGreatDepression(1929–1939)wasprimarilycausedby:A.OverregulationofthebankingsectorB.StockmarketspeculationC.InternationaltradebarriersD.Technologicalunemployment10.Whichliterarymovementemphasizedrealismandsocialcritique?A.RomanticismB.ModernismC.NaturalismD.Symbolism---###三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whatarethekeycomponentsofawell-structuredargumentinacademicwriting?A.ClearthesisstatementB.SupportingevidenceC.CounterargumentsD.EmotionalappealsE.Logicaltransitions2.AccordingtoMarxisttheory,whichfactorsconstitutethe"superstructure"?A.PoliticalinstitutionsB.LegalsystemsC.IdeologiesD.EconomicrelationsE.Religiousbeliefs3.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis?A.NumberofdaughtercellsproducedB.GeneticvariationC.PurposeofcelldivisionD.PresenceofDNAreplicationE.Cellcycleduration4.TheIndustrialRevolution(18th–19thcenturies)ledto:A.UrbanizationB.TechnologicaladvancementsC.LaborexploitationD.EnvironmentaldegradationE.Riseofcapitalism5.WhichofthefollowingareexamplesofRenaissancehumanism?A.EmphasisonclassicallearningB.IndividualismC.ScientificinquiryD.ReligiousdogmatismE.Secularism6.Quantumentanglementischaracterizedby:A.InstantaneousconnectionbetweenparticlesB.ClassicalcorrelationC.Non-localityD.ProbabilitywavefunctionE.Macroscopicobservability7.TheTreatyofVersailles(1919)imposedonGermany:A.HeavyreparationsB.TerritoriallossesC.MilitaryrestrictionsD.AutonomyforcoloniesE.Democracypromotion8.Feministtheoriescritique:A.GenderinequalityB.PatriarchalstructuresC.SexistlanguageD.EconomicdisparityE.Culturalnorms9.TheScientificRevolution(16th–18thcenturies)challenged:A.AristotelianphysicsB.GeocentricmodelsC.TheauthorityoftheChurchD.TheconceptofdivinerightE.Theideaofuniversalgravitation10.WhatarethemaincausesoftheGreatDepression?A.Stockmarketcrashof1929B.BankfailuresC.ProtectionisttradepoliciesD.AgriculturalcollapseE.Monetaristpolicies---###四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）CaseStudy1:A20th-centuryhistorianarguesthattheTreatyofVersailleswasaprimarycauseofWorldWarII.Providethreesupportingpointsfromhistoricalevidenceandexplainhowtheyrelatetothetreaty'sconsequences.CaseStudy2:Abiologystudentobservesthatcertainparticlesexhibitwave-likepropertiesundermicroscopicconditionsbutbehavelikeparticlesinmacroscopicenvironments.Explainthisphenomenonusingquantummechanicsprinciples.CaseStudy3:Asociologistexaminesgenderwagegapsinamoderneconomy.DiscusshowMarxisttheoryandfeministtheorycanbeappliedtoanalyzethisissue,highlightingkeydifferencesintheirapproaches.---###五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）Essay1:DiscusstheimpactoftheScientificRevolutiononmodernsociety.Analyzehowkeydiscoveriesandtheories(e.g.,heliocentrism,Newtonianmechanics)haveshapedcontemporaryscience,technology,andphilosophy.Essay2:Evaluatetheroleofideologyinshapingpoliticalsystems.CompareMarxistideologywithliberaldemocracy,focusingontheircoreprinciples,historicalapplications,andsocietalimplications.---###标准答案及解析---###一、判断题答案1.×(Thepassivevoiceisacceptableinacademicwritingwhentheactorisunknownorirrelevant.)2.√3.×(Theelectoralcollegesystemisindirect;itallocateselectoralvotesbasedonstateresults.)4.×(Surplusvaluefocusesonlaborexploitation,notproductivity.)5.×(ModernsciencebeganwithfigureslikeCopernicusandGalileo,butNewtonformalizedit.)6.×(Replicationoccursduringbothmitosis/meiosis.)7.×(Visibleonlywithtelescopes.)8.×(Quantummechanicsexplainsmicroscopicbehavior.)9.√10.√---###二、单选题答案1.B2.B3.B4.B5.C6.B7.B8.C9.B10.C---###三、多选题答案1.A,B,C,E2.A,B,C,E3.A,B,C,D4.A,B,C,D,E5.A,B,C,E6.A,C,D7.A,B,C8.A,B,C,D,E9.A,B,C,D10.A,B,C,D---###四、案例分析解析CaseStudy1:-SupportingPoint1:ThetreatyimposedheavyreparationsonGermany,cripplingitseconomyandleadingtohyperinflation.-Explanation:Economicinstabilitycreatedsocialunrest,makingextremistideologieslikeNazismappealing.-SupportingPoint2:Territoriallosses(e.g.,Alsace-Lorraine)fueledGermannationalismandresentment.-Explanation:Thelossoflandwasseenashumiliation,promptingdemandsforrevisionism.-SupportingPoint3:Militaryrestrictions(e.g.,armysizelimits)wereperceivedasunfairbyGermany.-Explanation:Suchlimitationswereviewedasaviolationofsovereignty,exacerbatingtensions.CaseStudy2:-Wave-ParticleDuality:Particleslikeelectronsexhibitbothwave-like(interference)andparticle-like(discreteenergy)behaviors.-QuantumSuperposition:Particlesexistinmultiplestatesuntilobserved,explainingmacroscopicvs.microscopicdifferences.-UncertaintyPrinciple:Heisenberg’sprinciplelimitssimultaneousprecisioninmeasuringpositionandmomentum.CaseStudy3:-MarxistApproach:Wagegapsstemfromcapitalistexploitationoffemalelabor(e.g.,undervaluationofcarework).