全国研究生入学考试英语科目及答案

全国研究生入学考试英语科目及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________全国研究生入学考试英语科目试卷考核对象：报考研究生考生题型分值分布-判断题（10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwriting.2.Itisacceptabletousecontractionsinformalessays.3.Theword"affect"isaverb,while"effect"isanoun.4.Punctuationmarkslikecommasandsemicolonsareunnecessaryinshortsentences.5.Thefirstletterofeachparagraphinanessayshouldalwaysbecapitalized.6.Plagiarismisconsideredaseriousoffenseinacademicresearch.7.Theuseofthepresenttenseismoreappropriatefordescribinghistoricalevents.8.Adverbsshouldbeusedsparinglyinacademicwriting.9.Theword"there"isoftenredundantwhenfollowedby"is"or"are."10.Itisrecommendedtowriteanoutlinebeforestartinganessay.二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingisacommongrammaticalerrorinacademicwriting?A.Theirgoingtotheconferencewasexciting.B.Theyaregoingtotheconference.C.Theygototheconference.D.Theywillgototheconference.2.Whatistheprimarypurposeofathesisstatement?A.Tointroducetheauthor'spersonalbackground.B.Tosummarizetheentireessay.C.Topresentthemainargumentorclaim.D.Toprovidesupportingevidence.3.Whichtenseismostcommonlyusedfordescribingongoingresearch?A.PasttenseB.PresenttenseC.FuturetenseD.Conditionaltense4.WhatisthecorrectwaytociteabookinAPAformat?A.Author,A.A.(Year).Titleofthebook.Publisher.B.Author,A.A.(Year).Titleofthebook.Publisher.C.Author,A.A.(Year).Titleofthebook.Publisher.D.Author,A.A.(Year).Titleofthebook.Publisher.5.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofatransitionword?A.HoweverB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.Alloftheabove6.Whatisthepurposeofaconclusioninanessay?A.Tointroducenewevidence.B.Tosummarizethemainpointsandrestatethethesis.C.Toapologizeforanymistakes.D.Toaskthereaderquestions.7.Whichofthefollowingisastrongtopicsentence?A.Theweatherisnicetoday.B.Manystudieshavebeenconductedonclimatechange.C.Theeffectsofclimatechangeareevidentinpolarregions.D.Somepeoplebelievethatclimatechangeisnotaseriousissue.8.Whatisthedifferencebetweenajournalarticleandabook?A.Ajournalarticleislongerthanabook.B.Abookismoreauthoritativethanajournalarticle.C.Ajournalarticleispeer-reviewed,whileabookisnot.D.Abookispublishedmorefrequentlythanajournalarticle.9.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmistakeinacademicwriting?A.Usingpassivevoice.B.Avoidingcontractions.C.Usingpreciselanguage.D.Citingsourcesproperly.10.Whatisthepurposeofanabstractinaresearchpaper?A.Toprovidedetailedmethodology.B.Tosummarizethemainfindingsandconclusions.C.Tointroducetheauthor'spersonalopinion.D.Toapologizeforanylimitations.三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecommonelementsofawell-structuredessay?A.IntroductionB.BodyparagraphsC.ConclusionD.FootnotesE.Bibliography2.Whatshouldbeincludedinanacademicabstract?A.BackgroundinformationB.ResearchquestionC.MethodologyD.ResultsE.Conclusion3.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoftransitionalphrases?A.InadditionB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.AsaresultE.Moreover4.Whatarethekeycharacteristicsofacademicwriting?A.FormaltoneB.ObjectiveperspectiveC.UseofevidenceD.PersonalanecdotesE.Clearorganization5.Whichofthefollowingarecommonmistakesincitingsources?A.MissingcommasB.IncorrectauthornamesC.UsingtoomanyquotesD.NotincludingpagenumbersE.Usingoutdatedreferences6.Whatisthepurposeofathesisstatement?A.Toguidethereaderthroughtheessay.B.Toprovidesupportingevidence.C.Tostatethemainargument.D.Tointroducetheauthor'spersonalopinion.E.Tosummarizetheentireessay.7.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofstrongtopicsentences?A.Thetopicsentenceshouldbeclearandconcise.B.Theeffectsofclimatechangeareevidentinpolarregions.C.Manystudieshavebeenconductedonclimatechange.D.Theweatherisnicetoday.E.Theauthorbelievesthatclimatechangeisnotaseriousissue.8.Whatshouldbeincludedinaresearchpaper'smethodologysection?A.ResearchdesignB.DatacollectionmethodsC.SamplesizeD.AnalysistechniquesE.Personalopinions9.Whichofthefollowingarecommonelementsofaconclusion?A.RestatingthethesisB.SummarizingmainpointsC.IntroducingnewevidenceD.ProvidingacalltoactionE.Thankingthereader10.Whatarethebenefitsofusingacademicdatabases?A.Accesstopeer-reviewedarticlesB.ReliablesourcesC.Up-to-dateinformationD.FreeaccessE.Credibleauthors四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.CaseStudy1Astudentwroteanessayontheimpactofsocialmediaonteenagers.Theessayincludedthefollowingsentence:"Manyteenagersusesocialmediatocommunicatewithfriendsandfamily,butitalsohasnegativeeffectsontheirmentalhealth."Questions:a.Isthissentenceastrongtopicsentence?Whyorwhynot?b.Howcouldthestudentimprovethissentencetomakeitmoreeffective?c.Whataresomealternativewaystophrasethissentence?2.CaseStudy2Aresearchpapercitedabookpublishedin1998asaprimarysource.Thepaperdidnotincludeanyrecentstudiesorupdatesonthetopic.Questions:a.Whatisthepotentialissuewithrelyingsolelyonanoutdatedsource?b.Howcouldthestudentimprovethepaperbyincorporatingmorecurrentresearch?c.Whataresomestrategiesforfindingup-to-datesources?3.CaseStudy3Astudentwroteanessaywiththefollowingthesisstatement:"Climatechangeisaseriousissuethatneedsimmediateattention."Questions:a.Isthisthesisstatementstrong?Whyorwhynot?b.Howcouldthestudentmakethethesisstatementmorespecificandarguable?c.Whataresomeexamplesofstrongthesisstatementsforthistopic?五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）1.Discusstheimportanceofusingtransitionalwordsandphrasesinacademicwriting.Provideexamplesofhowtheycanenhancetheclarityandflowofanessay.2.Explainthekeydifferencesbetweenformalandinformalwriting.Provideexamplesofeachanddiscusstheappropriatecontextsforusingthem.标准答案及解析一、判断题1.×(Thepassivevoicecanbeusefulinacademicwritingwhentheactorisunknownorirrelevant.)2.×(Contractionsshouldbeavoidedinformalwriting.)3.√4.×(Punctuationisessentialforclarity.)5.×(Onlythefirstwordofthefirstlineinaparagraphshouldbecapitalized.)6.√7.×(Thepasttenseismoreappropriateforhistoricalevents.)8.×(Adverbscanbeusedtoprovideadditionaldetailwhennecessary.)9.√10.√二、单选题1.A(Thesentenceshouldbe:"Theyaregoingtotheconference.")2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.A10.B三、多选题1.A,B,C,E2.A,B,C,D,E3.A,B,C,D,E4.A,B,C,E5.A,B,D,E6.A,C7.A,B8.A,B,C,D9.A,B10.A,B,C四、案例分析1.CaseStudy1a.No,itisnotastrongtopicsentencebecauseitistoogeneralanddoesnotclearlystatethemainargument.b.Thestudentcouldimproveitbymakingitmorespecificandarguable,suchas:"Whilesocialmediaallowsteenagerstocommunicatewithfriendsandfamily,excessiveusehasbeenlinkedtoincreasedanxietyanddepression."c.Alternativephrasings:"Althoughsocialmediafacilitatescommunicationamongteenagers,itsoverusemaynegativelyimpacttheirmentalhealth."/"Thepervasiveuseofsocialmediaamongteenagershasbothpositiveandnegativeconsequences,particularlyontheirmentalwell-being."2.CaseStudy2a.Relyingsolelyonanoutdatedsourcecanleadtooutdatedinformationandmaynotreflectcurrentresearchordevelopmentsinthefield.b.Thestudentcouldimprovethepaperbyincorporatingrecentstudies,surveys,orarticlesthatprovideup-to-dateinsightsonthetopic.c.Strategiesforfindingup-to-datesourcesincludeusingacademicdatabaseslikeJSTOR,GoogleScholar,oruniversitylibraries;checkingthepublicationdateofsources;andreadingabstractstodeterminerelevance.3.CaseStudy3a.No,itisnotstrongbecauseitistoovagueanddoesnotprovideaclearargumentordirectionfortheessay.b.Thestudentcouldmakeitmorespecificandarguable,suchas:"Climatechange,drivenbyhumanactivities,posesanexistentialthreattoecosystemsandrequiresimmediateglobalactiontomitigateitseffects."c.Examplesofstrongthesisstatements:"Theincreasingfrequencyofextremeweathereventsduetoclimatechangenecessitatesurgentpolicychangestoreducecarbonemissions."/"Climatechangeisexacerbatingglobalfoodinsecurity,requiringinnovativeagriculturalpracticestoensuresustainablefoodproduction."五、论述题1.ImportanceofTransitionalWordsandPhrasesTransitionalwordsandphrasesareessentialinacademicwritingbecausetheyhelptoconnectideas,improvetheflowoftheessay,andguidethereaderthroughtheargument.Theysignaltherelationshipbetweensentencesandparagraphs,makingthewritingmorecoherentandeasiertofollow.Forexample,wordslike"however,""therefore,"and"inaddition"canindicatecontrast,causeandeffect,oradditionofinformation,respectively.Withoutthem,theessaymayseemdisjointedandconfusing.Examples:-"Socialmediahasbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonteenagers.However,excessiveusecanleadtomentalhealthissues."-"Manyst