2026年研究生入学考试英语文科语言能力测试试题及答案

2026年研究生入学考试英语文科语言能力测试试题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________试卷名称：2026年研究生入学考试英语文科语言能力测试试题考核对象：报考英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学等文科专业的研究生题型分值分布：-判断题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（总共3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（总共2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分---一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）请判断下列说法的正误，正确的划“√”，错误的划“×”。1.Theterm"linguisticcompetence"wasfirstintroducedbyNoamChomskyinhisbook"AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax."2.Thepassivevoiceismorecommoninformalacademicwritingthanineverydayconversation.3.Theconceptof"pragmatics"primarilydealswiththesoundsoflanguageratherthanitsmeaning.4.ThesubjunctivemoodisstillwidelyusedinmodernEnglish,particularlyinconditionalsentences.5.Thephrase"itisrainingcatsanddogs"isanexampleofmetonymy.6.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhatlanguagedeterminesthought,nottheotherwayaround.7.Theterm"phoneme"referstothesmallestunitofsoundthatcanchangethemeaningofaword.8.Theuseof"will"and"shall"inEnglishisentirelyinterchangeableinallcontexts.9.Theconceptof"register"iscloselyrelatedtothesocialcontextoflanguageuse.10.ThepassivevoiceisgrammaticallyincorrectinmostspokenEnglishcontexts.二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）请从每题的四个选项中选出最符合题意的答案。1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacomponentofChomsky'suniversalgrammar?A.DeepstructureB.SurfacestructureC.TransformationalrulesD.Phonologicalrules2.Theterm"idiom"isbestdefinedas:A.AgrammaticalstructurethatmustbememorizedB.AphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromitsindividualwordsC.AformalexpressionusedinacademicwritingD.Averbformusedinthepassivevoice3.Theprocessofadding"-s"toaverbtoformthethird-personsingularpresenttenseiscalled:A.ConjugationB.DerivationC.InflectionD.Syntax4.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialinteractionsiscalled:A.PhoneticsB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Morphology5.Theterm"displacement"inlanguagerefersto:A.TheabilitytocommunicateaboutthingsnotpresentintimeorspaceB.TheprocessofchangingsoundsinspeechC.TheuseoflanguagetoexpressemotionsD.Thestructureofwordsinasentence6.Thesubjunctivemoodismostcommonlyusedin:A.CommandsB.HypotheticalsituationsC.QuestionsD.Descriptions7.Theterm"allomorph"refersto:A.AdifferentformofawordthathasthesamemeaningB.TherulesforformingsentencesC.ThestudyofsoundsinlanguageD.Therelationshipbetweenwordsandtheirmeanings8.Thepassivevoiceisoftenpreferredinacademicwritingbecause:A.ItavoidstheuseofpersonalpronounsB.ItemphasizestheobjectoftheactionC.ItisgrammaticallysimplerthantheactivevoiceD.Itismoreconcisethantheactivevoice9.Theconceptof"cognitivelinguistics"emphasizes:A.ThesocialfunctionsoflanguageB.TherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthoughtC.ThehistoricalevolutionoflanguagesD.Thephoneticpropertiesofspeechsounds10.Thephrase"breaktheice"isanexampleof:A.MetaphorB.PersonificationC.HyperboleD.Alliteration三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）请从每题的五个选项中选出所有符合题意的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofformallanguage?A.UseofcomplexsentencestructuresB.AvoidanceofcontractionsC.FrequentuseofidiomsD.Useoffirst-personpronounsE.Emphasisonclarityandprecision2.Thestudyofthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguagesiscalled:A.HistoricallinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.PragmaticsD.PhonologyE.Comparativelinguistics3.Thepassivevoicecanbeusedinthefollowingcontexts:A.ToemphasizetheobjectoftheactionB.ToavoidnamingtheagentC.TocreateamoreformaltoneD.TofocusonthesubjectofthesentenceE.Toindicateuncertaintyabouttheagent4.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesishastwomainversions:A.LinguisticdeterminismB.LinguisticrelativityC.CulturalinfluenceonlanguageD.UniversalgrammarE.Socialconstructionofmeaning5.Theprocessofchangingthemeaningofawordovertimeiscalled:A.SemanticshiftB.GrammaticalizationC.DerivationD.CompoundingE.Metaphor6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinthefollowingstructures:A.WishesB.HypotheticalsituationsC.CommandsD.RequestsE.Descriptions7.Thestudyofhowsoundsareproducedandperceivediscalled:A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD.MorphologyE.Syntax8.Thepassivevoicecanbeformedusingthefollowingstructures:A."Be+pastparticiple"B."Get+pastparticiple"C."Have+pastparticiple"D."Do+pastparticiple"E."Will+pastparticiple"9.Theconceptof"register"inlanguagerefersto:A.TheformalityoflanguageuseB.ThesocialcontextoflanguageC.TheregionaldialectsofalanguageD.Theage-relatedlanguagedifferencesE.Thestylisticchoicesinlanguage10.Thephrase"bitethebullet"isanexampleof:A.MetonymyB.MetaphorC.HyperboleD.PersonificationE.Idiom四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）请根据以下案例，回答问题。案例1：Thefollowingsentenceistakenfromaformalacademicpaper:"Itisproposedthattheuseofpassivevoiceinscientificwritingshouldbeminimizedtoenhanceclarity."问题：1.Identifythegrammaticalstructureofthesentence.2.Explainwhythepassivevoiceisusedinthiscontext.3.Proposeanalternativesentenceusingtheactivevoiceandexplainitseffect.案例2：Thefollowingdialogueistakenfromacasualconversationbetweentwofriends:A:"Didyoufinishyourhomework?"B:"I'llgettoitlater."问题：1.IdentifythemoodoftheverbinB'sresponse.2.ExplainthepragmaticfunctionofB'sresponse.3.ProposeamorepolitealternativetoB'sresponseandexplainitseffect.案例3：Thefollowingsentenceistakenfromanewsreport:"Thesuspectwasseenrunningawayfromthescene."问题：1.Identifythegrammaticalvoiceofthesentence.2.Explainwhythepassivevoiceisusedinthiscontext.3.Proposeanalternativesentenceusingtheactivevoiceandexplainitseffect.五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）请就以下题目进行论述。1.Discusstheroleofpragmaticsinlanguageacquisition.Provideexamplestoillustratehowpragmaticknowledgehelpslearnersunderstandanduselanguageeffectively.2.CompareandcontrasttheSapir-WhorfhypothesisandChomsky'stheoryofuniversalgrammar.Explainhowthesetheoriescontributetoourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.---标准答案及解析一、判断题1.√2.√3.×4.√5.×6.×7.√8.×9.√10.×解析：1.Chomskyintroducedtheconceptof"linguisticcompetence"in"AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax."2.Thepassivevoiceismorecommoninformalacademicwritingduetoitsfocusontheobjectratherthantheagent.3.Pragmaticsdealswiththeuseoflanguageinsocialcontexts,notjustsounds.4.Thesubjunctivemoodisstillusedinhypotheticalandformalcontexts(e.g.,"IfIwereyou").5."Itisrainingcatsanddogs"isanexampleofhyperbole,notmetonymy.6.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhatlanguageinfluencesthought(linguisticrelativity),nottheotherwayaround.7.Aphonemeisthesmallestunitofsoundthatdistinguishesmeaning(e.g.,/p/vs./b/in"pat"vs."bat").8."Will"and"shall"havedifferentuses(e.g.,"will"forpredictions,"shall"forsuggestions).9.Registerreferstotheformalityoflanguageuseindifferentsocialcontexts.10.ThepassivevoiceisgrammaticallycorrectandcommonlyusedinspokenEnglish(e.g.,"Theballwasthrown").二、单选题1.D2.B3.C4.C5.A6.B7.A8.B9.B10.A解析：1.Chomsky'suniversalgrammarincludesdeepstructure,surfacestructure,andtransformationalrules,butnotphonologicalrules.2.Anidiomisaphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromitsindividualwords(e.g.,"breakaleg").3.Inflectionreferstochangesinwordforms(e.g.,adding"-s"toaverb).4.Pragmaticsstudieshowlanguageisusedinsocialinteractions.5.Displacementreferstotheabilitytocommunicateaboutthingsnotpresentintimeorspace(e.g.,talkingaboutthepast).6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinhypotheticalsituations(e.g.,"IfIwererich").7.Anallomorphisadifferentformofamorpheme(e.g.,"-s"in"cats"vs."-es"in"boxes").8.Thepassivevoiceispreferredinacademicwritingtoemphasizetheobject(e.g.,"Theexperimentwasconducted").9.Cognitivelinguisticsemphasizestherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.10."Breaktheice"isanidiommeaningtoinitiateconversation.三、多选题1.A,B,E2.A,E3.A,B,C4.A,B5.A6.A,B,D7.A,B8.A,B9.A,B10.B,E解析：1.Formallanguageusescomplexstructures,avoidscontractions,andemphasizesclarity.2.Historicallinguisticsstudiestheevolutionoflanguages,andcomparativelinguisticscompareslanguages.3.Thepassivevoiceisusedtoemphasizetheobject,avoidnamingtheagent,andcreateaformaltone.4.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisincludeslinguisticdeterminism(languageshapesthought)andlinguisticrelativity(languageinfluencesthought).5.Semanticshiftreferstochangesinwordmeaningovertime.6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinwishes,hypotheticalsituations,andrequests.7.Phoneticsstudiessoundproduction,andphonologystudiessoundpatterns.8.Thepassivevoicecanbeformedusing"be+pastparticiple"and"get+pastparticiple."9.Registerreferstotheformalityoflanguageuseanditssocialcontext.10."Breaktheice"isanidiom(B)andametaphor(E).四、案例分析案例1：1.Thesentenceisinthepassivevoice:"Itisproposed(bysomeone)thattheuseofpassivevoice..."2.Thepassivevoiceisusedtoavoidnamingtheagentandemphasizetheaction(usingpassivevoice).3.Alternative:"Weproposeminimizingtheuseofpassivevoiceinscientificwritingtoenhanceclarity."-Effect:Moredirectandpersonal,emphasizingtheauthors'stance.案例2：1.Themoodissubjunctive:"I'llgettoit"(futuretense,notindicative).2.Pragmaticfunction:Bisdelayingthetaskpolitely.3.Alternative:"I'lltrytofinishitlater."-Effect:Morepoliteandlessabrupt.案例3：1.Thesentenceisinthepassivevoice:"Thesuspectwasseen(bysomeone)."2.Thepassivevoic