2025年大学本科（英语）英语语言学综合测试题及答案

2025年大学本科（英语）英语语言学综合测试题及答案

（考试时间：90分钟满分100分）班级______姓名______第I卷（选择题，共40分）答题要求：请从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上相应位置作答。1.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled()A.MacrolinguisticsB.MicrolinguisticsC.GenerallinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics答案：C2.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?()A.ArbitrarinessB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Instinctiveness答案：D3.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguageare()A.phonemesB.morphemesC.wordsD.sentences答案：B4.Thewayinwhichwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalled()A.morphologyB.syntaxC.semanticsD.pragmatics答案：B5.Themeaningofawordthatisrelatedtothementaloremotionalassociationsitevokesiscalled()A.denotativemeaningB.connotativemeaningC.conceptualmeaningD.grammaticalmeaning答案：B6.Theprocessbywhichwegroupthingsbasedonsharedfeaturesiscalled()A.categorizationB.generalizationC.specializationD.discrimination答案：A7.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaboundmorpheme?()A.bookB.-s(pluralmarker)C.beautifulD.run答案：B8.Thestudyofhowsoundsarecombinedandusedinlanguagesis()A.phonologyB.phoneticsC.morphologyD.syntax答案：A第II卷（非选择题，共60分）二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）答题要求：请在答题纸上相应位置填写正确答案。1.Languageisasystemof()vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.答案：arbitrary2.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,acousticphoneticsand()phonetics.答案：auditory3.Semanticsisthestudyof().答案：meaning4.Pragmaticsisconcernedwiththestudyofmeaningin().答案：context5.Thetwomajortypesofaffixesareprefixesand().答案：suffixes三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）答题要求：请简要回答问题，答案应简洁明了，要点突出。1.Brieflyexplaintheconceptofarbitrarinessinlanguage.答案：Arbitrarinessmeansthatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweentheformofalinguisticsignanditsmeaning.Forexample,theword"dog"inEnglishhasnonaturalorlogicallinktotheanimalitrepresents.ItisjustaconventionalsymbolthatspeakersofEnglishhaveagreedtousetorefertothatparticularkindofanimal.Differentlanguagesusedifferentwordstorefertothesamething,whichfurtherdemonstratesthearbitrarinessoflanguage.2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenlangueandparole?答案：Languereferstotheabstractsystemoflanguage,includingalltherules,structuresandvocabularythatspeakersofalanguageshare.Itistheunderlyingcodethatenablesspeakerstoproduceandunderstandmeaningfulutterances.Parole,ontheotherhand,referstotheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituationsbyindividualspeakers.Itisthespecificspeechacts,conversationsandtextsthatareproducedinrealcommunication.Langueprovidestheframework,whileparoleisthemanifestationoflanguageinaction.四、分析题（共15分）答题要求：阅读以下材料，然后回答问题。答案应结合材料内容，分析合理，逻辑清晰。材料：InEnglish,theword"bank"canhavetwodifferentmeanings.Itcanrefertothesideofariverorafinancialinstitution.Thisisanexampleofpolysemy.Whenwesay"Iwenttothebanktodepositsomemoney",weareusingthefinancialinstitutionmeaning.Butwhenwesay"Wesatonthebankoftheriverandwatchedtheboats",weareusingtheriversidemeaning.问题：Explainhowpolysemyaffectslanguageunderstanding.答案：Polysemy,asshownintheexampleoftheword"bank",canmakelanguageunderstandingabitchallenging.Whenencounteringawordlike"bank",listenersorreadersneedtorelyonthecontexttodeterminewhichmeaningisintended.Withoutcontext,it'sdifficulttoknowwhetheritmeansafinancialplaceorthesideofariver.Contextcluessuchasthewordsaround"bank",thetopicoftheconversationortheoverallsituationhelpindisambiguatingthemeaning.Thisrequireslanguageuserstobesensitivetothecontextandusetheirknowledgeofthelanguagetocorrectlyinterpretthepolysemousword.五、论述题（共10分）答题要求：请结合所学知识，对所给话题进行论述。论述应观点明确，论据充分，条理清晰。话题：Theimportanceoflanguageincross-culturalcommunication.答案：Languageisofutmostimportanceincross-culturalcommunication.Firstly,itservesastheprimarymeansofexpressingthoughts,ideasandfeelingsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Withoutacommonlanguageoraneffectivemeansofcommunication,misunderstandingsarelikelytooccur.Forexample,ininternationalbusinessnegotiations,accuratelanguageusehelpsconveybusinessintentionsclearly.Secondly,languagereflectsaculture'svalues,beliefsandsocialnorms.Throughlanguagestudy,wecangaininsightsintodifferentcultures.Forinstance,certainwordsorexpressionsinalanguagemayhaveculturalconnotationstha