老人身体健康的注意事项

和平积极的心态：老人身体健康的源泉

PhysicalHealthThroughMentalHealthfortheElderly1.中国内地十大老年慢性病

Top10ChronicDiseasesinChineseElderly(Mainland)病名(Diseases)Incidence脑卒中Stroke200/100,000/yr高血压Hypertension40%~45%≥60gr冠心病CoronaryHeartDisease,CHD4%~7%>40gr糖尿病Diabetes6.51%~7.98%慢性阻塞性肺病COPD3%骨性关节炎Osteoarthritis.OAO.A.Knee49%骨质疏松症Osteoporosis11%帕金森病Parkinsonism1.6%(Female),1.7%(male)>65yr老年性痴呆Dementia4.8%AD抑郁Depression2%~30%2.10种与心理-行为因素有密切关系的慢性病

ChronicDiseaseswithpsychological-behavioralstatus(PBS)asetiologicalorexacerbatingfactor病名(diseases)心理-行为因素影响ImpactFactorsbyPBS相关的心理-行为状态(RelatedPBS)脑卒中stroke++情绪激动、精神压力extremeemotionalresponse,stress冠心病CHD++TypeABehavior(A型行为)恐惧(Fear)depression,Anxiety抑郁、焦虑胃、十二指肠溃汤病PepticUlcer+++Stress应激Tension紧张3.病名(diseases)心理-行为因素影响ImpactFactorsbyPBS相关的心理-行为状态(RelatedPBS)紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰痛+++Tension紧张Stress应激原发性纤维肌痛综合征(FMS)++Stress应激糖尿病Diabetes+Anxiety焦虑depression激惹性结肠综合征（ICS）+焦虑，应激慢性疲劳综合征（CFS）+++抑郁depression癌症Cancer±精神创伤、强迫行为4.心理健康和身体健康

MentalHealthandPhysicalHealthAsoundmindinasoundbody(健全的精神寓于健全的身体)Morepeoplearesickbecausetheyareunhappythanunhappybecausetheyaresick.(比起那些因患病而心情不舒畅的人来说,有更多人是因心情不舒畅而患病)5.心理因素的病理生理效应

PathophysiologicaleffectsofpsychologicalstatusOnarteriosclerosis(对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响)Suddenandtransientstressfuleventsinvolvewiththedysfunctionofendotheliumandtheadhesionoftheplatelets

短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关Phobiamightbeassociatedwiththedevelopmentofacutemyocardialinfarct.恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关Depressionwillenhancethepainfulanddistressfeelingofthepatientswithchronicdiseases抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉6.心理因素与免疫功能

ImmunityFunctionandPsychologicalstatus

情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒Depressioninhibitsimmunologicalsystem.Apersonwithdepressionmightbesusceptibletosomeinfections,e.g.commoncold.(Berkowetal.1999)

情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症等的康复。Abettermoodimprovesthefunctionofimmunologicalsystem,e.g.inanticancer(Levyetal.1998)7.生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降低免疫系统功能）Alifestylewithlessemotionaltensionandagitationishelpfulforenhancingimmunologicalmechanism心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量信息相互影响，通过“心理神经免疫学”的研究，将能更多揭示心理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。

Anewbranchofsciencepsychoneuroimmunology.PNI.willrevealtheinteractionandeffectsbetweenpsychologicalstatusandimmunologicalresponsesthroughneurohoumonalmechanism.8.慢性病者常有的负性心理和情绪

Negativepsychologicalprofilescommonlyseeninpatientswithchronicdiseases抑郁Depression心理性依赖Psychologicaldependence焦虑Anxiety心理性紧张Tension恐惧Phobia应激（心理-社会）Stress悲观Pessimism孤癖、离群心理Psychologicalwithdrawal9.以心理健康促进身体健康

帮助和鼓励慢性病者不仅注意增进身体上的健康，也要注意增进心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促进身体上的健康。

PeoplewithChronicDiseasesshouldmaketheirbesttoimprovementalhealthaswellasphysicalhealth.Everybodyshouldtrytofacilitatephysicalhealthwithmentalhealth.10.改善心理状态促进心理健康的六大措施

Tenstepstowardsmentalhealth1.松弛疗法Relaxationtherapy2.应激控制Managementofstress3.心理辅导Psychologycounseling4.行为及性格改变Modificationofpersonality5.社会支持Socialsupport6.药物治疗Medication11.松弛疗法

RelaxationTherapy1.运动松弛法exercise(TaiChi,walking,swimming)2.按摩松弛法massage(self-massage,sedative,therapeuticmassage)3.气功松弛法ChiKung,Transcendentalmeditation4.音乐松弛法MusicTherapy(sedative,anxiolytic,relaxing)5.温浴松弛法Hydrotherapy(warmspa)12.6.文娱松弛法recreation(dancing,hiking,relaxingsports)7.书画松弛法calligraphyandpainting8.作业松弛法occupationaltherapy(artsandcrafts)9.度假松弛法Resortvacation10.饮食松弛法Herbalfoodtherapy(sedative)13.应激控制

StressControl1.“Escape”fromthestressor离开应激原(人、地、事)(stressfulevent,dailyhassel,unpleasantenvironment)2.Speakitout,说出烦恼、不满、焦虑(tomakeadequateemotionalexpression)3.Relaxationtechnique,e.g.RelaxedKungFu(RKF)(ChiKung)练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法RKF=Relaxedpositioning+relaxedbreathing+relaxedmind(静身+静息+静心)4.Seekforassistancetodiscussandsolvetheproblem寻求援助减压（向亲友、同事、有关机构）14.心理辅导

PsychologicalCounseling1.Explainingthedisease/injury,implication,prognosis.2.Answeringthequestionsraisedbytheclients.3.Givingadviceonmodifyinglifestyle.4.Givingadviceonbehavioraladjustment.15.性格及行为改变

ModificationofPersonalityandBehavior16.社会支持

SocialSupport

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