2026年环境科学专业英语应用能力测试题

2026年环境科学专业英语应用能力测试题Part1:ReadingComprehension(阅读理解)共5题，每题2分，总计10分1.Passage1(2分)Theincreasingprevalenceofmicroplasticsinaquaticecosystemshasraisedsignificantconcernsamongenvironmentalscientists.ArecentstudypublishedinScienceoftheTotalEnvironmentrevealedthatmicroplasticparticles,primarilyderivedfromsynthetictextilesandsingle-useplastics,arenowdetectableinalmostallmarineenvironments,fromthedeepoceantopolarice.Thestudyemphasizesthepotentialecologicalrisksposedbythesemicroplastics,includingingestionbymarineorganismsandbioaccumulationinthefoodchain.Researcherssuggestthaturgentmitigationstrategies,suchasreducingplasticwasteandimprovingwastemanagementsystems,arenecessarytocurbthisglobalissue.Question:Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarysourceofmicroplasticpollutioninaquaticecosystems?A)IndustrialdischargeB)Synthetictextilesandsingle-useplasticsC)AgriculturalrunoffD)Naturaldegradationoforganicmaterials2.Passage2(2分)Inresponsetothegrowingthreatofnon-nativeinvasivespecies,theInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)hasdevelopedastandardizedframeworkforassessingtheecologicalimpactofinvasivespecies.Theframeworkevaluatesfactorssuchasspeciesadaptability,reproductivecapacity,andpotentialhabitatdisruption.AcasestudyontheinvasivezebramusselinNorthAmerica,conductedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey,demonstrateshowthisframeworkcanpredictthespreadandecologicalconsequencesofinvasivespecies.Thestudyhighlightstheneedforproactivemanagementstrategies,includingearlydetectionandrapidresponse,topreventfurtherecologicaldamage.Question:WhatdoestheIUCNframeworkprimarilyassessininvasivespecies?A)EconomicimpactB)EcologicaladaptabilityandpotentialrisksC)GeneticdiversityD)Distributionpatterns3.Passage3(2分)Climatechangeisexacerbatingairpollutioninurbanareas,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswhererapidindustrializationandvehicleemissionsaremajorcontributors.AreportbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)indicatesthatairpollution-relatedillnesses,suchasrespiratoryandcardiovasculardiseases,areontheriseincitieslikeDelhiandBeijing.Tomitigatethisissue,researchersareexploringinnovativesolutions,includinggreeninfrastructuredevelopment(e.g.,urbanforestsandgreenwalls)andtheadoptionofcleanenergytechnologies.Thereportunderscorestheimportanceofpolicyinterventionsandpublicawarenesscampaignstoreduceairpollutionlevels.Question:Accordingtothereport,whichfactorisaprimarycontributortoairpollutionindevelopingcountries?A)NaturaldisastersB)IndustrializationandvehicleemissionsC)AgriculturalburningD)Industrialwastedisposal4.Passage4(2分)Sustainableagriculturepracticesareincreasinglybeingadoptedtoaddressenvironmentaldegradationcausedbyconventionalfarmingmethods.AstudyintheJournalofEnvironmentalManagementcomparestheenvironmentalimpactsoforganicfarmingversusconventionalagriculture.Thefindingssuggestthatorganicfarming,whichminimizestheuseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,canleadtoimprovedsoilhealth,higherbiodiversity,andreducedgreenhousegasemissions.However,organicfarmingoftenresultsinlowercropyields,whichraisesconcernsaboutfoodsecurity.Thestudycallsforfurtherresearchtooptimizeorganicfarmingtechniquesandensureeconomicviability.Question:Whatisakeyadvantageoforganicfarmingcomparedtoconventionalagriculture?A)HighercropyieldsB)ReducedrelianceonsyntheticfertilizersandpesticidesC)IncreasedwaterusageD)Greaterdependenceonindustrialinputs5.Passage5(2分)TheGreatBarrierReef,oneoftheworld’smostbiodiverseecosystems,isfacingseverethreatsduetoclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing.ArecentassessmentbytheAustralianGovernment’sGreatBarrierReefMarineParkAuthority(GBRMPA)highlightstheurgentneedforconservationeffortstoprotectthereef.Theassessmentrecommendsmeasuressuchasreducingnutrientrunofffromcoastalagriculture,controllingcrown-of-thornsstarfishpopulations,andimplementingstricterfishingregulations.Scientistsalsoemphasizetheimportanceofglobaleffortstomitigateclimatechange,asrisingseatemperaturesandoceanacidificationaremajorcontributorstoreefdegradation.Question:AccordingtotheGBRMPAassessment,whataretheprimarythreatstotheGreatBarrierReef?A)TourismdevelopmentB)Climatechange,pollution,andoverfishingC)NaturaldisastersD)DiseaseoutbreaksPart2:Vocabulary(词汇)共5题，每题1分，总计5分6.WordMatch(1分)Matchthewordwithitscorrectdefinition.-A)EutrophicationA)Theprocessbywhichabodyofwaterbecomesenrichedinnutrients,oftenleadingtoexcessivegrowthofalgae.-B)BiodiversityB)ThevarietyoflifeinagivenecosystemoronEarthasawhole.-C)AcidrainC)Precipitationwithahighlevelofacidity,primarilycausedbysulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesintheatmosphere.-D)RemediativeD)Capableofcorrectingorimprovingasituation.7.Synonym(1分)Whatisasynonymfor"mitigate"?A)ExacerbateB)AlleviateC)IgniteD)Intensify8.Antonym(1分)Whatisanantonymfor"pollute"?A)PurifyB)ContaminateC)DegradateD)Eutrophate9.WordUsage(1分)Whichwordbestcompletesthesentence:"Thegovernmentimplementedpoliciesto______waterpollutionintheriver."A)EnhanceB)MitigateC)AmplifyD)Stabilize10.ContextualMeaning(1分)Inthesentence"Thestudyemphasizedtheecologicalfootprintofindustrialactivities,"whatdoes"ecologicalfootprint"mean?A)EnvironmentalawarenessB)TheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheenvironmentC)RenewableenergyusageD)WildlifeconservationPart3:Writing(写作)共1题，10分11.Essay(10分)Writeashortessay(150-200words)onthefollowingtopic:"Discusstheroleofcommunity-basedconservationinitiativesinaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Provideexamplesfromatleasttworegions."ExampleAnswerStructure:-Introduction(briefoverviewofcommunity-basedconservation)-Body(examplesfromregionssuchasCostaRica’sPaymentforEcosystemServices[PES]programandNepal’scommunityforestryprojects)-Conclusion(summaryofbenefitsandchallenges)Part4:Translation(翻译)共2题，每题5分，总计10分12.EnglishtoChinese(5分)"Theincreasingfrequencyofextremeweatherevents,suchashurricanesanddroughts,underscorestheurgentneedforclimatechangemitigationstrategies.Governmentsandorganizationsmustcollaboratetoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandenhanceclimateresilienceinvulnerablecommunities."13.ChinesetoEnglish(5分)"我国政府近年来大力推动生态修复项目，以改善退化生态系统。这些项目包括植树造林、湿地恢复和土壤改良，旨在提升生态系统的服务功能。"AnswerKeyandExplanation(答案与解析)Part1:ReadingComprehension(答案与解析)1.B)Synthetictextilesandsingle-useplastics-Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlystatesthatmicroplasticsprimarilycomefromsynthetictextilesandsingle-useplastics.2.B)Ecologicaladaptabilityandpotentialrisks-Explanation:TheIUCNframeworkevaluateshowinvasivespeciesadaptandtheriskstheyposetoecosystems.3.B)Industrializationandvehicleemissions-Explanation:TheWHOreportattributesairpollutionindevelopingcountriesmainlytoindustrializationandvehicleemissions.4.B)Reducedrelianceonsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides-Explanation:Thestudyhighlightsthatorganicfarmingminimizessyntheticinputscomparedtoconventionalagriculture.5.B)Climatechange,pollution,andoverfishing-Explanation:TheGBRMPAassessmentidentifiestheseastheprimarythreatstothereef.Part2:Vocabulary(答案与解析)6.A)Eutrophication→A)Theprocessbywhichabodyofwaterbecomesenrichedinnutrients,oftenleadingtoexcessivegrowthofalgae.B)Biodiversity→B)ThevarietyoflifeinagivenecosystemoronEarthasawhole.C)Acidrain→C)Precipitationwithahighlevelofacidity,primarilycausedbysulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesintheatmosphere.D)Remediative→D)Capableofcorrectingorimprovingasituation.7.B)Alleviate-Explanation:"Mitigate"meanstomakesomethinglesssevere;"alleviate"istheclosestsynonym.8.A)Purify-Explanation:"Pollute"meanstocontaminate;"purify"istheopposite.9.B)Mitigate-Explanation:Thesentencediscussesreducingwaterpollution,so"mitigate"fitsbest.10.B)Theimpactofhumanactivitiesontheenvironment-Explanation:"Ecologicalfootprint"referstotheenvironmentalimpactofhumanactions.Part3:Writing(参考范文)Essay:Community-basedconservationinitiativesplayavitalroleinaddressingenvironmentalchallengesbyengaginglocalpopulationsinsustainableresourcemanagement.Theseinitiativesempowercommunitiestoprotectnaturalhabitatswhileimprovinglivelihoods.Forexample,CostaRica’sPaymentforEcosystemServices(PES)programincentivizesfarmerstopreserveforests,whichhelpscombatdeforestationandcarbonemissions.InNepal,communityforestryprojectshavesuccessfullyrestoreddegradedlandsbyinvolvinglocalvillagersindecision-making.Theseprogramsdemonstratethatwhencommunitiesaregivenownership,environmentalprotectionbecomesmoreeffectiveandsustainable.However,chal