雨课堂学堂在线学堂云Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering(中国石油大学（北京）)单元测试考核答案

第1题Rockmechanicsiswidelyusedinmodernengineeringconstruction.Whatarethemainapplicationfieldsinvolvedinthiscourse?AHydraulicEngineeringBPetroleumEngineeringCMiningEngineeringDCivilEngineeringETrafficEngineering第2题Whichofthefollowingproblemscanbesolvedorexplainedbyrockmechanicsinpetroleumengineering?AWellboreinstabilityBOrientedperforatingCHydraulicfracturingDSandproductionECasingdamageFReservoirdeformation正确答案：ABCDEF第3题Theroleandpositionofunconventionaloilandgasresourcesinglobaloilandgasproductionarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Whichofthefollowingareunconventionaloilandgasresources?ATightrockoilandgasBMudshaleoilandgasCCoalbedmethaneDOilshaleEOilsandsFNaturalgashydrate正确答案：ABCDEF第1题Thedevelopmentofrockmechanicsiscloselyrelatedtohumanactivities.Inprehistory,ourancestorsthrivedincavesandusedrocksastoolsandweapons.The"StoneAge"appeared.However,asadiscipline,rockmechanicshasonlydevelopedinrecentdecades.Inthefollowinglist,whattheproductionactivityisrelatedtorockmechanics?A256-251BC,theDujiangyanwaterconservancyprojectwasbuiltinMinjiang,SichuanB221-206BC,theGreatWallwasbuiltinthenorthernmountainsCAtthebeginningofthe20thcentury,ZhanTianyoupresidedovertheconstructionoftheBadalingTunnelDConstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamwaterconservancyprojectinChinafrom1994to2006正确答案：ABCD03ResearchMethodsofRockMechanics-Homework第1题Therearemanyresearchmethodsforrockmechanics,selectthosemainlyusedinthefollowing?AGeologicalresearchmethodsBPhysicalresearchmethodsCMathematicalresearchmethodsDComprehensiveanalysismethod正确答案：ABCD第2题Themethodofusingnumericalsimulationtostudypracticalproblemsbelongstothephysicsresearchmethod04ResearchObjectsandCharacteristicsinRockMechanics-Homework第1题Whatisthemainresearchobjectofpetroleumengineeringrockmechanics?AIgneousrockBSedimentaryrockCMetamorphicrock第2题Themainresearchobjectofpetroleumengineeringrockmechanicsissedimentaryrock,whatarethemechanicalpropertiesofsedimentaryrock?ADiscontinuityBHeterogeneityCAnisotropyDPermeability正确答案：ABCD05TheMechanicalPropertiesofRocks-homework第1题岩石的力学性质根据应力、应变和时间的关系分为A弹性B塑性C粘性正确答案：ABC06ElasticPropertiesofRocks-Homework第1题

ThemostcommonlyusedelasticparametersofrocksareelasticmodulusandPoisson'sratio.第2题Whatisthemodulusofelasticityoftenusedwhenstudyingrockmechanics?AInitialmodulusBTangentmodulusCSecantmodulus第3题TherockelasticmodulusandPoisson'sratioofthedrainageconditionareE1andv1,andtherockelasticmodulusandPoisson'sratiooftheundrainedconditionareE2andv2.ThenAE1>E2,v1>v2BE1>E2,v1<v2CE1<E2,v1>v2DE1<E2,v1<v2UniaxialCompressionTestingofRock-Homework第1题岩石单轴压缩变形一般包括以下哪些阶段？A压实阶段B弹性阶段C塑性阶段D破坏阶段正确答案：ABCD第2题

Themaximumstressthattherockcanwithstandunderuniaxialconditionsiscalledthecompressivestrengthoftherock.第3题Whichoffollowingstagesaregenerallyincludedintheuniaxialcompressiondeformationofrocks?ACompactionstageBElasticstageCPlasticstageDDestructionstage正确答案：ABCDTriaxialCompressionTestingofRock-Homework第1题

Therockstrengthandelasticityparametersmeasuredbythetriaxialcompressiontestofrockareclosertotherealformationthantheuniaxialcompressiontest.第2题Whenperformingtriaxialcompressiontestonrocksamples,itisnecessarytowrapalayeroftransparentheatshrinkabletubearoundtherocksamplestostrictlycontrolthedrainageconditions.Iftheheatshrinkabletubeisnotcompletelysealed,whateffectwillithaveonthetestresults?ALowstrength,lowelasticmodulus,largePoisson'sratioBLowstrength,largeelasticmodulus,largePoisson'sratioCHighstrength,lowelasticmodulus,largePoisson'sratioDLowstrength,largeelasticmodulus,lowPoisson'sratio第3题Withtheincreaseofconfiningpressure,whatchangeswilloccurinthemechanicalpropertiesofrocks?AStrengthincreaseBElasticitymodulusincreaseCBrittlenessreduceDPlasticityincrease正确答案：ABCDTensileStrengthTestingofRock-Homework第1题Whatisthemostcommonlyusedmethodtoobtainrocktensilestrengthinrockmechanics?AUniaxialtensiletestBBraziliantestCPointloadstrengthtest第2题Whatarethemethodsforobtainingrocktensilestrength?AUniaxialtensiletestBBraziliantestCPointloadstrengthtest正确答案：ABC10RockRheology-Homework第1题Rockrheologyreferstothephenomenonwiththeeffectoftimedependenceduringrockdeformation.第2题Whatarethetypesofrockrheology?ACreepBRelaxationCRetardedElasticity正确答案：ABCStressandStrain-Homework第1题Howarethesignsofstressandstrainspecifiedinrockmechanics?ATensionaspositive,compressionasnegativeBTensionasnegative,compressionaspositive第2题

Thereasonwhytherockappearsdilatancyundertheactionofforceisthegenerationandpropagationofinternalcracks.第3题Whatistheresultmeanstress/volumetricstraindividedbyvolumemodulus?A1B2C3D4PrincipalStressandPrincipalStrain-Homework第1题Thedirectionsoftheprincipalstressandprincipalstrainatacertainpointarethesame.第2题Giventhestressstateatacertainpoint,isthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheprincipalstressatthatpointdetermined?ASizeanddirectionaredeterminedBSizeanddirectionareuncertainCSizeisdetermined,directionisuncertainDNeedtobedeterminedaccordingtothespecificsituationStrainEnergy-Homework第1题Strainenergyisthedeformationenergystoredbyadeformedobject.第2题Whataretheapplicationsofstrainenergy?ACalculatetheelasticstress-strainrelationshipBUsedtostudycrackgrowthCUsedtosolvemulti-fieldcouplingproblems正确答案：ABCThermoelasticity-Homework第1题Thermoelasticityisthepropertythatthestressandstrainchangeintheelasticrangeduetothenon-uniformtemperaturefieldcausedbyheating.第2题

Whatistheratioofthermalstresstothermalstrain?AElasticModulusBPoisson'sratioPorosityandPermeability-Homework第1题Thevoidratioofrockisgreaterthantheporosityofrock.第2题Whatisthemostclassiclaboratoryformeasuringrockpermeability?AUniaxialcompressiontestingBTriaxialcompressiontestingCDarcyseepageexperimentDBrazilTestingTheEffectiveStressofRock-Homework第1题TheprincipleofeffectivestresswasfirstproposedbytheAustrianscholarTerzaghi.第2题Whatistherelationshipbetweentotalstress,effectivestressandporepressureofrock?ATotalstress=effectivestress-porepressureBTotalstress=effectivestress+porepressure17In-situStress-Homework第1题地应力指存在于地壳中的应力，广义上也指存在于地球体内的应力。第2题地应力的形成原因有哪些？A上覆岩层压力B构造应力C温度应力D孔隙压力正确答案：ABCD18PorePressure-Homework第1题孔隙压力即孔隙中的流体具有的压力。第2题地层产生异常孔隙压力的原因有哪些？A地层快速沉积未能及时排水B构造作用导致地层缺乏排水C孔隙流体受到热力化学作用正确答案：ABC19TheSedimentaryPropertiesofRocks-Homework第1题Whataretheformationprocessesofsedimentaryrocks?APre-depositionBDepositionCPost-deposition正确答案：ABC第2题Whatarethediagenesisofsedimentaryrocks?AHightemperatureBHighpressureCCementationDChemicalreactions正确答案：ABCD20TheMechanicalPropertiesoftheSedimentaryRocks-Homework第1题

Sandstoneandshaleareusuallyanisotropic第2题

Rocksaltisusuallyusedastheidealcompartmentofoilandgasreservoir,whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsdoesithave?A

ExtremelylowpermeabilityB

CreepbehaviorsCDevelopedpermeabilityDDistinctanisotropy正确答案：AB21TheConceptofRockFailureandTensileFailure-Homework第1题OnthesurfaceoftheBraziliansplittest,therockappearstobeundercompression.Infact,thetensilestrengthoftherockismeasured.第2题Therockfailurecriterionistheconditionthatthestressstateofagivenrockneedstobesatisfiedwhenitfails.TheShearandCompactionFailureofRock-Homework第1题Therearemanyfailurecriteriaforrocks.InadditiontotheTrescacriterionandMohr-Coulombcriterionintroducedinthislesson,whatelsedoesitinclude?AMisesyieldcriterionBDrucker-PragercriterionCGriffithcriterionDHoek-Browncriterion

正确答案：ABCD第2题Thecompactionfailureofrockisgenerallythefailureunderhighconfiningpressure.23TheStressAnalysisoftheSurroundingRockoftheVerticalWellWall-Homework第1题Whataretheassumptionsofstressanalysisoftheboreholewallofastraightwell?AIsotropyBUniformCLinearelasticityDAnisotropy正确答案：ABCD第2题Thestressanalysisofthesurroundingrockoftheborehorewalloftheverticalwell

usestheprincipleofstresssuperposition.第3题Whatarethestressesonthesurroundingrockoftheboreholewallofthewell?AThefluidcolumnpressureBTheverticalundergroundstressCThehorizontalmaximumandminimumin-situstressD

Thestresscausedbydrillingfluidseepageeffect正确答案：ABCD24TheGeneralSolutionofElasticStressaroundthewell-Homework第1题Thewellboreinpetroleumengineeringincludesverticalwells,inclinedwellsandhorizontalwells.第2题Stresscanbeconvertedamongtherectangularcoordinatesystem,cylindricalcoordinatesystemandsphericalcoordinatesystem.25TheTimeEffectofPoroelasticity-Homework第1题孔弹性时间效应不仅受井内压力和地层压力差影响，还受到滤饼和地层渗透性的影响。第2题孔弹性时间效应导致井周环向应力是哪些变量的函数？A时间B距离正确答案：AB26TheRulesofBoreholeFailure-Homework第1题Whereisthemaximumstressdifferencearoundtheborehole?AintheboreholeBontheboreholewallCoutsidetheboreholewall第2题Whenthestressaroundtheboreholeexceedsthestrengthofthesurroundingrock,theboreholewilldamage.27TheMethodsforDeterminingtheIn-situStress-Homework第1题Whatarethemethodsfordeterminingthein-situstressinoilfield?AThehydraulicfracturingBTheboreholebreakoutCTheKaiser

effect正确答案：ABC第2题TheKaisereffectisusedtomeasurein-situstressbythememorypropertyofrocks.第3题ThephysicalmechanismofKaisereffectshowsthatmicrocracks

causetheoccurrenceofacousticemissionsignalsaftertherockisstressed.Whentherockisloadedtothemaximumstressstatewhichhasbeensubjectedto,themicrocracksarereactivatedandacousticemissionactivitieswillsuddenlyincrease.28TheWaveEquation-Homework第1题弹性波包括纵波和横波。29P-waveandS-wave-Homework第1题横波不能在流体中传播是由于流体中的剪切运动不具有弹性性质。第2题通过测量岩石介质中纵波和横波波速并结合岩石密度，可以推导出岩石的哪些参数？A抗压强度B弹性模量C抗拉强度D泊松比正确答案：BD30TheDeterminationofRockElasticityandStrength-Homework第1题常用的声波测井方法有？A声波速度测井B声波全波列测井C阵列声波测井D井下声波电视正确答案：ABCD第2题通过声波测井可以获得岩石的动态弹性参数，根据动态弹性参数可以推导出岩石的静态弹性参数和强度参数。第3题Thedynamicelasticparametersofrockcanbeobtainedbyacousticlogging,andthestaticelasticparametersandstrengthparametersofrockcanbededucedaccordingtothedynamicelasticparameters.

第4题CommonsonicloggingmethodsareASonicvelocityloggingBSonicfull-trainlogsCArraysoniclogsDDownholeTVS正确答案：ABCD31TheDeterminationofFractureandCollapsePressurewithSonicLogging-Homework第1题Whichofthefollowingformationparameterscanbedeterminedbysoniclogging?APorepressureBFracturepressureCCollapsepressureDCompressiveandtensile

正确答案：ABCD第2题Accordingtothedrillingfluiddensityofthewallcollapse,thepressurefracturecurvecanbeobtainedwhenthewallcollapseoccurs32TheBehaviorsandCausesofBoreholeInstability-Homework第1题Twobasicmechanicsformsofwellboreinstabilityaretensilefailureandshearfailure.第2题Therearemanyfactorsofwellboreinstability,whichcanbedividedintonaturalfactorsandhumanfactors.第3题Whatarethetwopatternsofmanifestationofboreholeinstability?ACollapseBTightholeCLeakagesDBlowouts正确答案：AB33BoreholeCollapse-Homework第1题预防井壁坍塌的措施有哪些？A调整钻井液密度B优化钻井液性质C加快钻进速度减少浸泡时间正确答案：ABC第2题井壁发生坍塌的原因是井壁应力达到井壁岩石破坏条件。34TheRockMechanicsAnalysisofBoreholeStability-Homework第1题Thedirectcauseoftheinstabilityoftheboreholewallisthataftertheboreholeisopened,therockoftheboreholewalllosesitsoriginalsupport.第2题Theformationshearmodulusis6GPa,thedifferencebetweenthehorizontalstressandthebottomwellborepressureis12MPa,howmuchshrinkageofthe10cmholediameterdoesitoccur?A0.1mmB0.2mmC0.3mmD0.4mm35TheInteractionofShaleandDrillingFluid-Homework第1题Intheearlystageofdrilling,thestabilityoftheboreholecanbeimprovedbyaddingsalts.第2题Potassiumionscanimprovetheplasticityoftherockoftheboreholewall,whichisbeneficialtothestabilityofthewellbore.36NonlinearAnalysisofWellboreStability-Homework第1题Muddensitywindowreferstotherangeofdrillingfluiddensitythatcanmaintainthestabilityoftheboreholewallduringdrilling.第2题Whatarethethreemainaspectsofnonlinearproblemsintheanalysisof

wellborestability?ANonlinearelasticityB

PlasticityCAnisotropyDLinearelasticity正确答案：ABC37TheWellboreStabilityAnalysisunderComplexConditions-Homework第1题Surgeandswabeffectsleadtothestabilityoftheboreholewallismainlyduetothecyclicloadingoftherockaroundthebottomofthewell.第2题Themainreasonforthenarrowingofthemuddensitywindowfordeepwaterdrillingsafetyisthattheoverburdeninthedeepwaterareaisequivalenttobeingreplacedbyapartofseawater,whichcausestheoverburdenpressuretobelowerthanthatoftheland,resultinginalowerfracturingandfracturingofthedeepwaterformation,buttheporepressuredoesnotchangemuch.Inthisway,itnarrowsthewindowbetweenporepressureandburstpressure.

38IntroductionofSandProduction-Homework第1题出砂是指疏松砂岩地层在生产压差的作用下，储层中的砂粒随着产出液流向井底的现象。第2题地层出砂的主要机理有哪些？A自由颗粒运移B地层岩石剪切破坏C地层岩石拉伸破坏正确答案：ABC39TheStabilityAnalysisofSandArch-Homework第1题圆柱形孔道比球形孔道更稳定。第2题砂拱是一种预测地层出砂的理想化洞穴模型。40SandProductionPredictionandPrevention-Homework第1题Whatarethesandproductionpredictionmethods?

ATheDSTtestBTheadjacentwellsCTheacoustictimedifferencemethodDThecombinedmodulusmethod正确答案：ABCD第2题Whatarethesandcontrolmethods?

ANaturalcompletionsandcontrolBThemechanicalsandcontrolCSandarchsandcontrolDChemicalsandcontrolECokingandsandcontrolFHydraulicfracturingforsandcontrol正确答案：ABCDEF41IntroductionofHydraulicFracturing-Homework第1题水力压裂是指利用地面高压泵组，将高粘度液体以大大超过地层吸收能力的排量注入井中，在地层中产生裂缝的过程。第2题压裂液按过程先后分类一般分为哪些？A前置液B携砂液C驱替液正确答案：ABC42TheUnderstandingofTensileFailurefromtheEffectiveStress-Homework第1题

Thefracturepressureofhydraulicfracturingformationislessthanthefractureextensionpressure.第2题Inhydraulicfracturing,theeffectivestresscoefficientistakenas1.0,whichismainlyduetothefailureofrockduringfracturing.43TheFormationBreakdownandtheHydraulicFracturingGeneration-Homework第1题Thefracturemechanismofhydraulicfracturingisthetensileandshearfailureofrock.第2题Thefracturepressureofpermeablewellboreisthesameasthatofimpermeablewellbore.44TheHydraulicFractureOrientationandPropagation-Homework第1题Ingeneral,inwhatdirectionarethehydraulicfracturesformedintheshallowanddeepformations?AAllalongthehorizontaldirectionBAllalongtheverticalCHorizontaldirection,verticaldirectionDVerticaldirection,horizontaldirection第2题Hydraulicfracturesgenerallypropagateperpendiculartothedirectionoftheminimumprincipalgroundstressbecausethefracturingfluidhastheleastresistancetoflowalongthisdirection.45TheShapeandSizeofHydraulicFracture-Homework第1题Whataretheparametersofhydraulicfracturesize?AFracturelengthBFracturewidthCFractureheight正确答案：ABC第2题WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthePKNmodelandtheKGDmodel?APKNmodelissuitableforthefracturewithalongfracturelengthgreaterthanthefractureheight.BKGDmodelissuitableforthefracturewhoseheightisfargreaterthanitslength.CTheplaneassumptionofPKNmodelisthedirectionoffracturewidthandheight.DTheplaneofKGDmodelisassumedtobejointwidthandseam