雨课堂学堂在线学堂云Urban Rail TransitTracks,Stations,and Yards（山东职业学院）单元测试考核答案

第1题Whichtypeoftransportationisbestsuitedformovingsmallandlightitemsorafewpeopleovershortdistancesduetoitsflexibility?ARailtransportBRoadtransportCAirtransportDWatertransport第2题Whenwasthefirstpublicrailwayintheworldopened?A1825B1804C1835D1853第3题Whoiscreditedwithdesigningandconstructingthefirststeamlocomotivefortractiononroadsin1804?ANicholesCarnotBRichardTrevithickCGeorgeStephensonDZhanTianyou第4题Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesofurbanrailtransitcomparedtoroadtransportation?AHighcapacityBExtensivecoverageCPunctualityDLoweremissions正确答案：ABCD第5题WhatweresomekeyfeaturesoftheadvancementsinurbanrailtransitinChinainthe21stcentury?AAutomatedtrainsBContactlesspaymentsystemsCReal-timepassengerinformationDSteamlocomotives正确答案：ABC第6题Whataresomechallengesaddressedbyurbanrailtransitinlargecities?ATrafficcongestionBAirpollutionCHigh-speedcargotransportDLackofurbanmobility正确答案：ABD第7题Urbanrailtransitismoreeconomicalforlong-distancetravelthanairtravel.第8题ThefirstrailwayinGermanywasopenedbetweenNurenbergandFurthin1835.第9题ThedevelopmentofurbanrailtransitinChinastartedwiththeopeningofthefirstmetrosysteminBeijingin1959.第1题Whatisthetypicalmaximumspeedofhigh-speedinterurbantrains?A100km/hB150km/hC200km/hD250km/h第2题Whichcategoryofright-of-wayismostcommonlyusedforlightrailtransitsystems?ACategoryABCategoryBCCategoryCDCategoryD第3题Whichofthefollowingpropulsionunitsismostcommonlyusedontrolleybuses?ADieselinternalcombustionengineBElectricmotorCGasolineinternalcombustionengineDGasturbine第4题Whichofthefollowingareconsideredurbanrailwaysystems?AMetrosBTramsCMonorailsystemDHigh-speedtrains正确答案：ABC第5题WhatarethemaincharacteristicsofCategoryAright-of-way?AFullycontrolledBWithoutgradecrossingsCLegalaccessbyothervehiclesorpersonsDTypicallyusedforlightrailtransitsystems正确答案：AB第6题Whattypesofsupportarecommonforurbanrailvehicles?ARubbertireonconcreteBSteelwheelonsteelrailCAircushionDMagneticlevitation正确答案：ABD第7题Paratransitservicestypicallyfollowsetroutesandscheduleslikepublictransport.第8题Maglevtrainsuseelectromagneticattractionorrepulsiontolevitatethetrain.第9题Urbanrailsystemslikemetrosandtramsaregenerallycharacterizedbylowimplementationcosts.2.1Exercises第1题Whichtypeofurbanrailtransitnetworkischaracterizedbyforminganetworkthatradiatesoutwardfromacitycenter?ACentralizedinCentralAreaBRadialTypeCPetersenTypeDRadialLoopNetwork第2题Whatisthemaindisadvantageofagrid-likestructure?ATransferstationsaretooconcentratedinthecentralareaBComplexrouteplanninganddifficultimplementationCPoorconnectivitybetweenparallellines,leadingtoinconvenienttransfersDFewlines,leadingtoinsufficientcoverage第3题WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheCauerprototypenetwork?AAlllinesradiatefromasinglecentralpointBEverylineinthenetworkmustintersectwitheveryotherlineonceCAcentralloopisformedinthecitycenterDItfeaturesagrid-likestructurewithparallelandperpendicularlines第4题Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofthedendriticstructure?AFewintersectionsbetweenlinesBPassengerscanreachtheirdestinationwithintwotransfersCHighconstructiondifficultyDEvendistributionofpassengerflow正确答案：AB第5题Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesoftheradialnetworkstructure?AExcellentconnectivitybetweendowntownandsuburbanareasBSimpleconstructionwithstraightlinesCReducedcongestioninthecitycenterDEasilyaccessiblecentralpoint正确答案：AD第6题WhichofthefollowingnetworktypeswereproposedforBerlincity?APetersenTypeBCauerTypeCSchimpffTypeDTurnerType正确答案：ABC第7题Inagrid-likestructure,thelinestypicallyintersectinaparallelogramshape.第8题Theradialloopnetworkstructureimprovespassengerflowbetweensuburbanareasbyaddinglooplines.第9题Thedendriticstructureallowsforahighlyuniformdistributionofpassengerflowacrossalllines.2.2Exercises第1题Whichaspectisconsideredthecorepartofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?AResearchonurbanbackgroundBResearchonnetworkarchitectureplanningCResearchonnetworkimplementationplanningDResearchontransportationpolicies第2题WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheresearchonurbanbackgroundforrailtransitnetworkplanning?AAnalysisofurbanlanduseBPredictionofpassengerflowCStudyofurbaneconomicdevelopmentDInvestigationofnaturalconditions第3题Whatisthemainpurposeofoperationplanninginurbanrailtransitnetwork?ATomaximizesocialbenefitsbyensuringsafe,quick,andconvenientpassengertransportBToreducetheconstructioncostofthenetworkCToincreasethenumberoftransferstationsinthecityDToenhancethearchitecturaldesignofstations第4题Whichofthefollowingarekeyelementsofnetworkimplementationplanning?AResearchonlinelayingmodeBAnalysisofurbannaturalconditionsCDeterminationoflandusescopeDResearchonsiteselectionandscaleofcomprehensivebase正确答案：ACD第5题Whichofthefollowingareconsideredintheresearchonnetworkarchitectureplanning?AGeometricstructureofthenetworkBUrbanstructuralformCEngineeringlanduseDPassengerflowforecast正确答案：ABD第6题Whatarethekeyaspectsofresearchonurbanbackgroundinrailtransitnetworkplanning?AUrbaneconomicdevelopmentBAnalysisofrelevantpoliciesCTrafficbackgroundofthecityDComprehensiveevaluationofnetworkscheme正确答案：ABC第7题Networkimplementationplanningiscrucialforthepracticalityofurbanrailtransit,andlackofitmayleadtopoorpracticality.第8题Thefinalplanningschemeforthenetworkarchitectureisdeterminedbycomparingmultiplenetworkplanningschemesthroughpassengerflowpredictionresultsandevaluationmethods.第9题Researchontheurbanbackgroundfornetworkplanningincludesthestudyofpassengerflowforecastsandcomprehensivenetworkevaluation.2.3Exercises第1题Whatisthefirststepinurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?AResearchonurbandevelopmentstrategyBCollectionandinvestigationofsocialandeconomicdataCPredictionofpassengerdemandDTestingthepassengerflowforeachnetworkscheme第2题Whichstepinvolvesanalyzinganddemonstratingthelong-termstrategicobjectivesofurbandevelopment?AThefourthstepBThesecondstepCThesixthstepDTheninthstep第3题Inwhichstepisthefuturedevelopmentscaleoftheurbanrailtransitnetworkdetermined?AThirdstepBFifthstepCSixthstepDEighthstep第4题Whichofthefollowingarepartoftheprocessofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?AEvaluationofvariousplanningalternativesBClarificationofplanningobjectivesCConstructionofrailtransitlinesDPlanningimplementationandrevision正确答案：ABD第5题Whatdoestheseventhstepofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanninginvolve?APreparingthenetworkplanningschemeBTestingthepassengerflowCEstablishinganevaluationindexsystemDRepeatingtheinteractionwithpassengerflowprediction正确答案：AD第6题Whichofthefollowingareanalyzedduringthefifthstepofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?ATotalenergyconsumptionBPassengerflowtransfervolumeCTotallanduseDComprehensiveurbantransportationstrategy正确答案：ACD第7题Theprocessofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanningislinearanddoesnotinvolverepetitivesteps.第8题Testingthepassengerflowforeachnetworkschemeisconductedafterpreparingthenetworkplanningscheme.第9题Thepreferredschemeinurbanrailtransitnetworkplanningisselectedafterqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisofdifferentschemes.2.4Exercises第1题Whichprincipleemphasizestheimportanceofadheringtonationalstandardsinurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?ATherouteshouldbealongtheurbanarteryBNetworkplanningshallconformtonationalstandardsCResourcesharingisnecessaryfornetworkplanningDTheconstructionofeachlineshallbebasedonnetworkplanning第2题Whatshouldbeconsideredwhenplanningroutestominimizeinterferencewithlocalresidents'lives?ATheroutesshouldpassthroughlargepassengerflowdistributionpointsBTheroutesshouldbealongtheurbanarteryCTheroutesshouldbeconsistentwiththemainpassengerflowdirectionDTheroutesshouldreflecttheunityofstability,continuity,andflexibility第3题Whichprinciplediscussestheimportanceofintegratingurbanrailtransitwithotherpublictransportnetworksandexternalpassengertransportationhubs?AResourcesharingBReflectingunityofstability,continuity,andflexibilityCEnsuringconnectionwithotherpublictransportnetworksDQualitativeandquantitativeanalysisofschemes第4题Whichofthefollowingprinciplesshouldbefollowedtomaximizethebenefitsofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanning?ATherouteshallpassthroughorbeclosetolargepassengerflowdistributionpointsBTheconstructionofeachlineshallbebasedonnetworkplanningCThenetworklayoutshouldminimizeconstructionandoperationcostsDNetworkplanningshallconformtonationalstandards正确答案：ABD第5题Whichaspectsareconsideredinthequalitativeandquantitativeanalysisofurbanrailtransitnetworkplanningschemes?ATheurbanfunctionscaleBGeologicalandtopographicalconditionsCHistoricalrelicsprotectionDUrbandevelopmentstrategy正确答案：ABD第6题Whichprinciplesarecrucialforensuringtheadaptabilityandlong-termsustainabilityoftheurbanrailtransitnetwork?AReflectingtheunityofstability,continuity,andflexibilityBPassingthroughorbeingclosetolargepassengerflowdistributionpointsCConnectingwithotherpublictransportnetworksDConsideringnatural,cultural,andgeographicalconstraints正确答案：AD第7题Theprincipleofresourcesharinginnetworkplanningsuggeststhatmultiplelinesshouldshareresourceslikedepotstooptimizeurbanlanduse.第8题Thenetworklayoutinurbanrailtransitplanningshouldprioritizeminimizingpassengertraveltimeandthenumberoftransfers.第9题Inurbanrailtransitplanning,routesshouldalwaysavoidlargepassengerflowdistributionpointstoreducecongestion.3.1Exercises第1题Whatisthetypicalspacingintervalforstationsalongurbanrailtransitroutesinurbanareas?A500metersB1kilometerC2kilometersD3kilometers第2题Whichtypeofurbanrailtransitlineistypicallyusedinthebusycentralareasofcitiestominimizeimpactontheurbanenvironment?ASurfacelinesBElevatedlinesCUndergroundlinesDCircularlines第3题Whatkindofurbanrailtransitlinehasbranchlinesthatdivergefromthemainlineataspecificstation?AStraightlinesBCircularlinesC“Y”-shapedlinesDAuxiliarytracks第4题Whichfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhenchoosingbetweenunderground,surface,andelevatedlinesforurbanrailtransit?AUrbanplanningBRoadconditionsCPopulationdensityDEnvironmentalconditions正确答案：ABCD第5题Whichofthefollowingareconsideredauxiliarytracksinurbanrailtransitsystems?ACrossovertracksBTurnbacktracksCStablingtracksDMainlinetracks正确答案：ABC第6题Whatarethemaintypesofurbanrailtransitlineforms?AStraightlinesBCircularlinesC“Y”-shapedlinesDDepotyardtracks正确答案：ABC第7题Urbanrailtransitroutesareeasytomodifyoncetheyareestablished.第8题Surfacelinesaretypicallythemostcost-effectivetypeofurbanrailtransitlines.第9题Circularlinesdonotrequireaterminalstationonthecircle.3.2.1Exercises第1题Whatistheprimarypurposeofaturnbacktrackinurbanrailtransit?AParkingtrainsovernightBChangingtrainrunningroutesordirectionsCConductingmajormaintenanceworkDServingasapassengerplatform第2题Whichturnbackmethodensuresnoconflictingroutebetweendepartingandarrivingtrains?AFront-endturnbackBRear-endturnbackCTransverselyaligningturnbackDLongitudinallyaligningturnback第3题Whattypeofcrossoverconsistsofadiamondcrossingandfoursetsofregularsingleturnouts?ASinglecrossoverBScissorscrossoverCTerminal-stylecrossoverDThrough-stylecrossover第4题Whichfactorscancategorizethelayoutofturnbacktracks?ATurnbackmethodsBRelationshipwithplatformsCConnectionmethodsDTraintypes正确答案：ABC第5题Whatarethemaintypesofstablingtrackarrangements?ALongitudinallyalignedBTransverselyalignedCParallelalignedDPerpendicularaligned正确答案：AB第6题Whatarethekeycomponentsofasinglecrossover?AAstraighttrackBTwosetsofregularsingleturnoutsCDiamondcrossingDShorttransitionaltracks正确答案：AB第7题Stablingtracksareusedprimarilyforconductingmajormaintenanceworkontrains.第8题Crossoversaretracksthatconnectmainlineuptracksanddowntracksusingturnoutsorswitches.第9题Rear-endturnbacktracksarelesscommonlyusedduetotheirshorterturnbackdistance.3.2.2Exercises第1题Whatistheprimarypurposeofconnectingtracksinurbanrailtransitsystems?ACarryingpassengersBFacilitatingvehiclepassagebetweenlinesCServingasmainlinetracksDProvidingadditionalstationplatforms第2题Howisadepotaccesstracktypicallydesignedtoconnectwiththemainlineatastation?AAlwaysasadoublelineBAlwaysasanelevatedlineCAsasingleordoubleline,at-gradeorelevatedDAlwaysat-grade第3题Whatistheminimumtypicallengthofasafetylineforsidingtracks?A20metersB30metersC40metersD50meters第4题Whatarethemainpurposesofconnectingtracksinurbanrailtransitsystems?ASwitchinglinesforvehicleresourcessharingBServingasrescuepassagesinemergenciesCTransportingpassengersDTransportinglargeequipment正确答案：ABD第5题Whichfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhenpositioningconnectingtracks?AEngineeringsimplicityBMinimalconstructioninterferenceCPassengerflowDMinimaldemolition正确答案：ABD第6题Howcandepotaccesstracksintersectwiththemainline?AAt-gradecrossingsBElevatedcrossingsCPerpendicularcrossingsDParallelcrossings正确答案：AB第7题Connectingtracksareprimarilyusedforpassengeroperations.第8题Sidingtrackshelppreventconflictsbetweentrainsenteringorleavingadepottrackandtrainsonthemainline.第9题Elevatedcrossingsfordepotaccesstrackshavelowerengineeringcostscomparedtoat-gradecrossings.3.3.1Exercises第1题Whatistheidealplanelayoutforarailtransitroute?AMostlycurvedsectionswithlargeradiiBAmixofstraightandcurvedsectionsCAsmanystraightsectionsaspossiblewithminimalcurvedsegmentsDCurvedsectionsonly第2题WhatistheminimumcircularcurveradiusfortypeAtrainsonmainlineurbanrailtransitroutes?A200metersB250metersC300metersD600meters第3题Whichfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhensettingtheminimumcircularcurveradiusforurbanrailtransitroutes?ATypeofrollingstockBDesignedoperatingspeedCTerrainconditionsDPassengercapacity正确答案：ABC第4题Whatarethekeyelementsinthedesignoftheplanelayoutofurbanrailtransitroutes?AMinimumcircularcurveradiusBAlignmentandlengthofcompoundtransitioncurvesCLengthofstraighttangenttracksDMaximumtrainspeed正确答案：ABC第5题Whyshouldstationplatformsprimarilybesituatedonstraightsectionsoftrack?ABettervisibilityfortrainoperatorsandstaffBReducedoperationalchallengesCLowerconstructioncostsDEnhancedpassengersafety正确答案：ABD第6题Theintroductionofcurvedsectionsinurbanrailtransitroutesisoftennecessarytoadapttochangesinterrainoravoidobstacles.第7题Compoundcurvesshouldbeavoidedinurbanrailtransitroutesunlessthereissufficienttechnicaljustification.第8题Stationplatformsoncurvedsectionsshouldhaveacircularcurveradiusnotlessthan500meterstoensurepassengersafety.3.3.2Exercises第1题WhatisthemaximumgradientgenerallyallowedundernormalconditionsforurbanrailtransitinChina?A25‰B30‰C35‰D40‰第2题Whatisthepreferredgradientforundergroundstationplatformstopreventtrainslippingandensureproperdrainage?ALevelgradientB2‰C3‰D5‰第3题Whatistheminimumdistancerequiredbetweentwoverticalcurvesforthebenefitoftrainoperationandtrackmaintenance?A25metersB30meterC50metersD100meters第4题Whichfactorsinfluencetheverticalalignmentofurbanrailtransittracks?AUrbangeologicalconditionsBCrossingriversCOperationalrequirementsDPassengercapacity正确答案：ABC第5题Whatarethekeytechnicalelementsinthedesignofthelongitudinalsectionofthetrack?AMaximumgradientBLengthofgradientsectionsCRadiiofverticalcurvesDTrainspeed正确答案：ABC第6题Whatarethecharacteristicsoftheslopesforgroundandelevatedstationplatforms?ALevelgradientBGradientnotexceeding3‰inchallengingsectionsCUpto5‰indifficultsituationsDTypicallymorestraightforwarddrainagesolutions正确答案：ABD第7题Verticalcurvesshouldnotbeplacedwithinthecalculatedlengthoftheplatformandturnoutrangetoensureplatformsmoothnessandpassengersafety.第8题Theminimumgradientintunnelsforurbanrailtransittracksisgenerallynotlessthan2‰.第9题Elevatedlinesrequiretheslopestobeassteepaspossibletoalignwithurbanaesthetics.3.4.1Exercises第1题Whatisamajoradvantageofundergroundurbanrailtransitinfrastructures?ALowerconstructioncostsBMinimalinterferencewithsurfacetrafficCHighernoiselevelsDLimitedoperationalcapacity第2题Whichconstructionmethodforundergroundstructuresinvolvesprefabricatingtunnelsectionsandconnectingthemunderwater?AOpen-cutconstructionBNATMCShieldtunnelingDImmersedtubemethod第3题Whatisthetypicalinnerdiameterofcirculartunnelsusedinurbanrailtransitsystems?A4.3metersB5metersC5.5metersD9.5meters第4题Whatarethebenefitsofshallow-buriedundergroundstructures?AConvenientandcost-effectiveBMinimalimpactonundergroundpipelinesCEasyaccessforpassengersDLimiteddisruptiontosurfacetraffic正确答案：AC第5题Whichfactorsinfluencethechoiceofcross-sectionaldesignforundergroundurbanrailtransitstructures?ABurialdepthBGeologicalconditionsCCostconsiderationsDOperationalexpenses正确答案：ABC第6题Whatarethecommoncross-sectionalshapesusedinundergroundurbanrailtransitstations?ARectangularBCircularCArch-shapedDElliptical正确答案：ABCD第7题Deep-buriedundergroundstructurestypicallyinvolveverticaldifferencesoflessthan20metersbetweenthetracksurfaceandtheground.第8题Thecut-and-covermethodincludesshieldtunnelingandNATM.第9题Single-levelundergroundstationstructuresaremorecommonthandouble-levelstructures.3.4.2Exercises第1题Whichofthefollowingbeamtypesiscommonlyusedinurbanrailtransitelevatedbridgesandistypicallymadeofpre-stressedconcrete?ASlabbeamsBRidgebeamsCBoxbeamsDPlatebeams第2题Whatistheminimumclearanceforelevatedsectionscrossingmainrailwaylinesinurbanrailtransitsystems?A4.50metersB5.00metersC5.70metersD6.75meters第3题Whichtypeoffoundationissuitableforsandyandsoftsoilfoundationsinurbanrailtransitelevatedbridges?ASpreadfootingsfoundationBPilefoundationsCShallowfoundationsDRockfoundations第4题Whatarethecomponentsofurbanrailtransitelevatedbridges?ABeamsBPiersandabutmentsCFoundationsDTrackrails正确答案：ABC第5题Whataresomecommonformsofpiersandabutmentsinurbanrailtransitelevatedbridges?AInvertedtrapezoidB"T"shapeCTwin-columnDCircular正确答案：ABC第6题Whatshouldbeconsideredinthedesignofpiersandabutmentsforelevatedbridges?AStrengthandstabilityBAestheticsCIntegrationwiththeurbanenvironmentDSoundbarriers正确答案：ABC第7题The"Y"shapebridgepiersaresimplertoconstructcomparedto"T"shapepiers.第8题Elevatedbridgeclearancesovermainroadsinurbanrailtransitsystemsaretypicallysetat5.00meters,withsomeexceptionsallowingfor5.50meters.第9题Soundbarriersarenecessaryforsectionsofelevatedtracksthatareveryclosetoresidentialareastoreducenoiseimpact.3.5Exercises第1题Whatisthe'loadinggauge'inrailwayterminology?AThemaximumsizeofatrainanditsloadBTheminimumsizeofatrainanditsloadCThespacebetweentracksDThespeedlimitfortrains第2题Whichtypeofclearancegaugeincludesallowancesforlateralandverticalswaycausedbywind?AVehiclekinematicgaugeBLinesidestructurelimitgaugeCConstructiongaugeDTunnelvehicleclearance第3题Whatdoestheconstructiongaugedictateinurbanrailtransit?AThespeedlimitfortrainsBTheshape,dimensions,andpositionsofstructuresCThemaximumsizeofatrainanditsloadDThedistancebetweentracks第4题Whatfactorsareconsideredindeterminingtheclearancegauge?AVehiclecontourorloadinggaugeBTrackcharacteristicsCEquipmentinstallationDConstructionmethods正确答案：ABCD第5题Whatarethemaintypesofclearancegaugeinurbanrailtransit?AVehiclekinematicgaugeBLinesidestructurelimitgaugeCConstructiongaugeDSpeedlimitgauge正确答案：ABC第6题Whichtypesofconstructiongaugesarementionedinthedocument?ATunnelconstructiongaugeBElevatedlineconstructiongaugeCGround-levellineconstructiongaugeDDepotandyardconstructiongauge正确答案：ABCD第7题Thevehiclekinematicgaugeislargerthanthestaticvehiclecontourorloadinggauge.第8题Linesidestructurelimitgaugeincludesallowancesformaintenancelimitsandsafetymargins.第9题Constructiongaugespecifiesthattemporaryconstructionsmayintrudewithinthisgauge.3.6Exercises第1题Whatistheprimarypurposeofdistancemarkersinurbanrailtransitsystems?AToindicatethespeedlimitfortrainsBToshowthedistancefromthestartingpointofthelineCTodisplaythegradientofthetrackDTomarkthelocationofcurves第2题Whatdoesagradientsignindicateinurbanrailtransit?ATheradiusofanupcomingcurveBThedistancefromthestartingpointCWhetherasectionisuphillordownhillDThestoppingpositionforatrain第3题Whichtypeofsignisusedtoindicatethedesignatedstoppinglocationfortrains?ADistancemarkerBCurvesignCStoppingmarkerDGradientsign第4题Whatinformationisprovidedbyraillinetracksignsandsymbolsinurbanrailtransitsystems?ADistancemarkersBCurvesignsCGradientsignsDSpeedlimits正确答案：ABC第5题WhichsignsarenotusedtoindicatethatatrainisapproachingastationinChina'surbanrailtransitsystem?ADistancemarkersBStationproximitywarningsignsCGradientsignsDStopindicators正确答案：ACD第6题Whatarethefunctionsofsignalindicatorsandmarkersinurbanrailtransit?AFoulingpointindicatorBStoppingmarkerCSpeedlimitmarkerDStationproximitywarningsign正确答案：ABD第7题Thefoulingpointindicatorisrepresentedbyalternatingredandwhitestripesandisusedtoindicatethestoppingpositionforatrainnearatrackjunction.第8题Astopindicatorintherailwaysystemfunctionssimilarlytoastopsignonahighway,instructingtrainoperatorstocometoacompletestop.第9题Distancemarkersareseteverykilometeronurbanrailtransitlinestoindicatethedistancefromthestartingpoint.4.1Exercises第1题Whatistheprimaryfunctionofballastinthesuperstructureofarailwaytrack?ATosupportandguidethetrainwheelsBTodistributetheloadsappliedtotherailsandkeepthemataconstantspacingCToensurethedampingofmostofthetrainvibrationsandprovidefastdrainageofrainwaterDToreducemigrationoffinematerialintotheballast第2题Whichcomponentoftherailwaytracksuperstructureisresponsiblefordistributingloadsandkeepingtherailsataconstantspacing?ARailsBSleepers(ties)CBallastDSub-ballast第3题Whatisthemainpurposeofthesubgradeinthesubstructureofarailwaytrack?AToprovideauniformlevelsurfaceanddrainageBTotransferthetrainloadsdistributionfromthesuperstructureCToactasasurfacereducingthestressatthebottomoftheballastlayerDToprotectthesubgradetopfromthepenetrationofballastrocks第4题Whattypesofforcessubjecttherailwaytracktoheavystresses?AVerticalloadsBLateralforcesCLongitudinalforcesDContactstresses正确答案：ABCD第5题Whichcomponentsarepartoftherailwaytrack'ssuperstructure?ARailsBSleepers(ties)CBallastDSubgrade正确答案：ABC第6题Whataresomerequirementsforthedesignofrailwaytrackstoensureefficientoperationandlowcosts?APermissiblespeedsandaxleloadsBGoodlateralstrengthCElectricallyinsulatedtracksDGooddrainagesystem正确答案：ABCD第7题Theformationlayerinarailwaytrackisoptionalinsomerailwaytracks.第8题Thehighestlevelofstressintherailwaytrackstructureoccursbetweenthewheelandthesleeper.第9题Thesub-ballastlayerintherailwaytrackhelpstodirectwaterawayfromthesubgradeandintodrainagealongthetrack'sside.4.2.1Exercises第1题Whatistheprimarymaterialusedtomakemodernrailsinurbanrailtransitsystems?AWroughtironBHigh-carbonsteelCWoodDAluminum第2题Whoinventedthebull-headedrail?ARobertL.StevensBCharlesBlackerVignolesCAlphonseLoubatDBenjaminOutram第3题Whichtypeofrailisusedalongtrackswheretherailtopandthepavementsurfaceareatthesamelevel?ADouble-headedrailBBull-headedrailCFlat-footedrailDGroovedrail第4题Whatarethemaincomponentsofaflat-footedrail?ARailheadBRailwebCRailfootDRailspike正确答案：ABC第5题Whataresomeadvantagesofflat-footedrailscomparedtobull-headedrails?AIncreasedstiffnessBEnhancedresistancetokinksCMoreeconomicalDLessfrequentrepairs正确答案：ABC第6题Whatfunctionsdoesarailperforminarailwaytrackstructure?ASupportsthetrainwheelsBGuidesthetrainwheelsCActsasanelectricalconductorDDistributeshorizontaltransverseforces正确答案：ABCD第7题Thedouble-headedrailcanbereusedbyinvertingitaftertheuppertablewearsout.第8题Thebull-headedrailwasanimprovementoverthedouble-headedrail,havingmoremetalinthetopparttowithstanddamagebetter.第9题Flat-footedrailsrequirechairsforinstallation,makingtheprocessmorecomplexcomparedtobull-headedrails.4.2.2Exercises第1题Whatisthemainmaterialusedtoproducemoderntrainrails?ACastironBWroughtironCSteelDAluminum第2题Whichprocessisprimarilyusedtoconverthotmetalintosteelinmodernsteelmaking?AElectricArcFurnaceBBasicOxygenFurnaceCOpenHearthFurnaceDInductionFurnace第3题Whatisthetypicaltemperaturetowhichsteelrailsarereheatedinthereheatingfurnacebeforebeingrolledintotheirfinalshape?A1000degreesCelsiusB1250degreesCelsiusC1500degreesCelsiusD2000degreesCelsius第4题Whatarethemainconsiderationswhendecidingtheweightandsectionofarail?AHeaviestaxleloadBMaximumpermissiblespeedCDepthofballastcushionDTypeandspacingofsleepers正确答案：ABCD第5题Whataretheprimarycomponentsofarail?ARailhea