2026年环境科学专业英语词汇测试题

2026年环境科学专业英语词汇测试题第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题2分，计40分）说明：每题包含一个句子或段落，选择最符合语境的词汇填空。1.Theincreasinglevelsof__________intheatmospherehaveledtoasignificantriseinglobaltemperatures.A.chlorofluorocarbonsB.carbonmonoxideC.nitrogenoxidesD.methane(注：答案需结合全球气候变化背景)2.Thestudyfocusesonthe__________ofmicroplasticsinmarineecosystemsandtheirpotentiallong-termimpacts.A.persistenceB.degradationC.accumulationD.dispersion(注：需掌握环境科学中常见污染物行为词汇)3.Sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtoreduce__________andpromotesoilhealth.A.erosionB.deforestationC.contaminationD.acidification(注：结合农业环境问题)4.The__________layeroftheatmosphereabsorbsmostofthesun’sharmfulultravioletradiation.A.troposphereB.stratosphereC.mesosphereD.thermosphere(注：需掌握大气分层知识)5.Bioaccumulationreferstotheprocessbywhich__________inorganismsincreaseovertime.A.pollutantsB.nutrientsC.hormonesD.minerals(注：结合生态毒理学概念)6.The__________effectdescribeshowgreenhousegasestrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.A.greenhouseB.refrigerationC.insulationD.ventilation(注：需理解温室效应机制)7.Acidrainisprimarilycausedbythereactionof__________withwatervaporintheatmosphere.A.sulfurdioxideB.nitrogenoxidesC.carbondioxideD.methane(注：结合空气污染知识)8.The__________isakeyindicatorofwaterquality,reflectingtheconcentrationofdissolvedoxygen.A.pHlevelB.turbidityC.dissolvedoxygenD.nutrientload(注：需掌握水环境监测指标)9.Reducing__________emissionsiscriticalformitigatingclimatechange.A.particulatematterB.volatileorganiccompoundsC.nitrogenoxidesD.carbondioxide(注：结合能源与环境政策)10.The__________isanaturalprocessthatconvertsatmosphericcarbondioxideintoorganicmatter.A.photosynthesisB.respirationC.decompositionD.oxidation(注：需掌握生物地球化学循环)11.The__________zoneistheupperlayeroftheoceanwheresunlightpenetrates,supportingphotosynthesis.A.epipelagicB.mesopelagicC.bathyalD.abyssal(注：结合海洋生态分区)12.The__________effectreferstothewarmingoftheEarth’ssurfaceduetourbanization.A.urbanheatislandB.greenhouseC.radiativeforcingD.albedo(注：需掌握城市环境问题)13.__________pollutionoccurswhenharmfulsubstancescontaminatethesoil,oftenduetoindustrialwaste.A.AirB.WaterC.SoilD.Noise(注：结合土壤污染类型)14.The__________isaframeworkforinternationalcooperationtoprotecttheozonelayer.A.MontrealProtocolB.KyotoProtocolC.ParisAgreementD.BaselConvention(注：需掌握环境国际法)15.__________istheprocessofbreakingdownpollutantsintolessharmfulsubstancesthroughnaturalorartificialmeans.A.BiodegradationB.SedimentationC.FlocculationD.Filtration(注：结合污染治理技术)16.The__________layeroftheoceanischaracterizedbylowlightpenetrationandcoldtemperatures.A.epipelagicB.mesopelagicC.bathyalD.hadal(注：需掌握深海生态知识)17.__________isameasureoftheacidityoralkalinityofasolution,typicallyonascalefrom0to14.A.pHB.salinityC.turbidityD.conductivity(注：结合水化学知识)18.The__________isanaturalbarrierthathelpstoreducetheimpactofcoastalerosion.A.duneB.reefC.mangroveD.dike(注：结合海岸防护工程)19.__________isthereleaseofharmfulsubstancesintotheenvironment,oftenduetoindustrialactivities.A.EmissionB.DischargeC.SpillageD.Leachate(注：结合污染源类型)20.The__________isaninternationaltreatyaimedatreducinggreenhousegasemissionstocombatclimatechange.A.KyotoProtocolB.ParisAgreementC.MontrealProtocolD.RotterdamConvention(注：需掌握气候变化相关协议)第二部分：填空题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）说明：根据句子语境，填写合适的英文单词。21.Theincreasingconcentrationof__________intheatmosphereisamajorconcernforglobalclimatestability.22.__________pollutionisasignificantthreattoaquaticecosystems,oftencausedbyindustrialdischarge.23.The__________layeroftheatmosphereprotectslifeonEarthbyabsorbingharmfulultravioletradiation.24.Sustainable__________practiceshelptominimizewaterusageandreducepollution.25.The__________effectdescribeshowcertaingasestrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere,leadingtowarming.26.__________istheprocessbywhichpollutantsaccumulateinlivingorganismsovertime.27.The__________isacriticalfactorindeterminingthehealthofaquatichabitats.28.Reducing__________emissionsisessentialforimprovingairqualityandpublichealth.29.The__________zoneistheupperlayeroftheoceanwheresunlightsupportsphotosynthesis.30.The__________isanaturalorartificialstructuredesignedtopreventfloodingorerosion.第三部分：匹配题（共5题，每题3分，计15分）说明：将左侧的英文词汇与右侧的中文解释进行匹配。A.1.Biodegradation2.Greenhouseeffect3.Acidrain4.Particulatematter5.EutrophicationB.a.Theprocessbywhichorganicmatterisbrokendownbymicroorganisms.b.ThewarmingoftheEarth’ssurfaceduetogreenhousegases.c.Rainorsnowthathasbecomeacidicduetopollutants.d.Fineparticlesintheairthatcanharmhumanhealthandecosystems.e.Excessivenutrientenrichmentinwaterbodies,leadingtoalgalblooms.答案：1-a,2-b,3-c,4-d,5-e第四部分：句子改错（共5题，每题3分，计15分）说明：下列句子中各含有一个错误，指出并改正。31.Theexcessiveuseofpesticideshasledtoasignificant__________ofbiodiversityinagriculturalareas.(错误：__________，改正：__________)32.The__________layeroftheatmosphereisresponsibleforabsorbingmostofthesun’sultravioletradiation.(错误：__________，改正：__________)33.Thestudyfocusesonthe__________ofmicroplasticsinmarineecosystemsandtheirpotentiallong-termimpacts.(错误：__________，改正：__________)34.The__________effectdescribeshowcertaingasestrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere,leadingtowarming.(错误：__________，改正：__________)35.Theincreasinglevelsof__________intheatmospherehavecontributedtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.(错误：__________，改正：__________)第五部分：翻译题（共5题，每题4分，计20分）说明：将下列中文句子翻译成英文。36.土壤污染对农业生产和人类健康构成严重威胁。37.气候变化导致海平面上升，威胁沿海地区生态系统。38.生物多样性保护需要综合运用生态修复和可持续管理措施。39.微塑料污染已成为全球海洋环境面临的主要挑战之一。40.国际社会应加强合作，共同应对环境污染和气候变化问题。答案与解析第一部分：选择题答案与解析1.A.Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)areknownfortheirroleinozonedepletionandclimatechange.2.C.Accumulationreferstothegradualbuildupofmicroplasticsinecosystems.3.A.Erosionisamajorenvironmentalissueinagriculture,leadingtosoildegradation.4.B.Thestratospherecontainstheozonelayer,whichprotectsEarthfromUVradiation.5.A.Pollutantsbioaccumulateinorganismsovertime,posinghealthrisks.6.A.Thegreenhouseeffectiscausedbygreenhousegasestrappingheat.7.A.Sulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesreactwithwatertoformacidrain.8.C.Dissolvedoxygeniscrucialforaquaticlifeandwaterquality.9.D.Carbondioxideemissionsaretheprimarydriverofclimatechange.10.A.PhotosynthesisconvertsCO₂intoorganicmatter,sequesteringcarbon.11.A.Theepipelagiczoneisthesunlitlayeroftheocean.12.A.Theurbanheatislandeffectoccursduetourbansurfacesabsorbingmoreheat.13.C.Soilpollutioninvolvescontaminationoftheearth’ssurface.14.A.TheMontrealProtocolregulatestheproductionofozone-depletingsubstances.15.A.Biodegradationbreaksdownpollutantsintoharmlesssubstances.16.B.Themesopelagiczonehaslowlightandcoldtemperatures.17.A.pHmeasurestheacidityoralkalinityofwater.18.C.Mangrovesprotectcoastlinesfromerosionandstormsurges.19.B.Dischargereferstothereleaseofpollutantsintotheenvironment.20.B.TheParisAgreementaimstolimitglobalwarmingto1.5°C.第二部分：填空题答案与解析21.Carbondioxide22.Water23.Stratosphere24.Agriculture25.Greenhouse26.Bioaccumulation27.Dissolvedoxygen28.Particulatematter29.Epipelagic30.Dike第三部分：匹配题答案与解析1-a,2-b,3-c,