职称英语考试真题模拟卫生类B级

职称英语考试真题卫生类B级资料仅供参考职称英语考试真题卫生类B级第二十四篇PreventingChildMaltreatment(B级)Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5'10%ofmenreportbeingSexuallyabusedaschildren,while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedto3falls,burnsanddrowning.Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehaveioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.4Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereisaneconomicimpact,includingcostsofhospitalizeation,mentalhealthtreatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcosts.Anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblamefor5maltreatment.Anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.6练习：1.ThedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatmentisduetothefollowingfactorsEXCEPT_____accordingtothepassage.根据短文，________不是造成评估全球儿童虐待蔓延程度的原因。Achildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem虐待儿童是一个全球性问题。Bthereisnoexactdataaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries关于中低等收入的家庭没有数据统计。Cthereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatacollectors由于缺乏一些低收入国家的精确数据。(正确答案)Ddifferentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods不同的科学家使用不同的研究方法。2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?根据短文，________是正确的。A20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.20%的女性在她们孩童时代遭受到性别歧视的虐待。B25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.有25%到50%的儿童曾经受到身体上的虐待。(正确答案)C25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.有25%到50%的儿童遭受过心理虐待。D60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.有60%到75%的儿童被她们的父母所忽视。3.Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedintothefollowingtypesEXCEPT____accordingtothepassage.很多15岁以下儿童遭到谋杀都被错误的归类于以下类型，除了______一项不是。Adrowninginswimming游泳溺水Bdiarrhea痢疾(正确答案)Cbums烧死Dfalls摔落4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?儿童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影响没有提到________。AThechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhenhegrowsup.当她长大以后，她会因为她童年的记忆而表现很糟糕。(正确答案)BChildmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.儿童受虐伤害了她们的神经系统和免疫系统。CChildmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.儿童受虐影响了她的早期的大脑发育。DThechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.孩子在成年后很容易得病。4-4WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?儿童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影响没有提到________。A.Maltreatmentcausesstress虐待引起的压力B.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehaveioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems成人以后行为、生理和心理方面的出现疾病的危险性大大增加C.maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections虐待能导致心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病D.Thechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhenhegrowsup当她长大以后，她会因为她童年的记忆而表现很糟糕5.ThemaltreatedchildrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT_________________accordingtothepassage.儿童遭到虐待经常要具备一些特征，除了_________这一项。Atheyfrequentlyandeasilycry她们经常哭泣而且很容易就哭。Btheyareininfant'sorinadolescentperiod她们在婴儿时期或者在青春期。Ctheyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends她们经常被她们的父母和朋友忽视。Dtheyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparent.她们经常会尽力满足父母的要求(正确答案)5-5ThemaltreatedchildrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT_________________accordingtothepassage.儿童遭到虐待经常要具备一些特征，除了_________这一项。A.Theyhavingspecialneeds她们总有特殊需求B.Theyhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures她们身体总有异常C.theyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends她们经常被她们的父母和朋友忽视D.theyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparent.她们经常会尽力满足父母的要求6.Howmanytypesofchildmaltreatmentarementionedinthepassage?在这篇文章中提出了几种儿童虐待?A.Physicialmaltreatment肉体虐待B.PsychologicalTreatment心理虐待(情感虐待)C.Secuallyabused性虐待D.Alloftheabove以上都对7.Whydoe