Unit4NaturalDisasters课本词汇讲解课件高中英语人教版

Words

And

Expressions

Unit

4

人教版必修一词汇讲解disaster/dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/n.灾难；灾害disastrousadj.灾难性的；毁灭性的naturaldisaster自然灾害surviveadisaster从灾难中幸存sufferadisaster遭遇灾难preventadisaster预防灾难A

naturaldisaster

candestroythousandsofhomesinamoment.一场自然灾害能在顷刻间摧毁成千上万的房屋。Withoutproperpreparation,thesportsmeetingwillbea

disaster.没有充分的准备，这场运动会将会是一场惨败。Thefirewasatotal

disaster,butluckilynoonewasinjured.这场火灾是一场彻头彻尾的灾难，但幸运的是无人受伤。tornado/tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/n.龙卷风；旋风复数形式：tornadoes/tornadosdestructivetornado破坏性强的龙卷风powerfultornado威力大的龙卷风hitbyatornado遭受龙卷风袭击Aviolent

tornado

hitthetownlastnight.一场强烈的龙卷风昨晚袭击了这座小镇。The

tornado

destroyedallthehousesinitspath.龙卷风摧毁了其行进路径上的所有房屋。Tornadoesareoneofthemostdangerousnaturaldisasters.龙卷风是最危险的自然灾害之一。drought/draʊt/n.旱灾；久旱sufferfromadrought遭受旱灾relieveadrought缓解旱情severedrought严重干旱Asevere

drought

hitthearealastsummer翻译：去年夏天，一场严重的旱灾袭击了该地区。Drought

isoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisastersinthiscountry.

翻译：旱灾是这个国家最常见的自然灾害之一。Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestohelpfarmersdealwiththe

droughtdisaster.

翻译：政府已经采取措施帮助农民应对旱灾。Scientistspredictthatclimatechangewillleadtomorefrequent

droughts

insomeregions.翻译：科学家预测，气候变化将导致部分地区旱灾更加频繁。landslide/ˈlændslaɪd/n.崩塌；滑坡massivelandslide大规模滑坡Aheavyraincauseda

landslide

onthemountainroad.

翻译：一场大雨导致了山路上的滑坡。Landslides

oftenhappenafterheavystormsinmountainareas.

翻译：山区的暴雨过后经常会发生滑坡。slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动slide/slaɪd/-slid/slɪd/-slid/slɪd/-sliding/ˈslaɪdɪŋ/sliponthewetfloor（意外）在湿地板上滑倒Slidern.滑动器；滑行的人/物Thesnake

slid

intothegrassquietly.

翻译：那条蛇悄悄地溜进了草丛里。tsunami/tsuːˈnɑːmi/n.海啸Astrongearthquakecauseda

tsunami

intheIndianOcean.

翻译：一场强烈的地震在印度洋引发了海啸。Tsunamis

cantravelthousandsofkilometersacrosstheocean.

翻译：海啸可以在海洋中传播数千公里。floodn.洪水；大量

vi.淹没；大量涌入

vt.使灌满水；淹没afloodof大量的……floodinto涌入floodthemarket充斥市场A

flood

oftouristscametothetowninsummer.（n.大量）

翻译：夏天，大量游客涌入了这座小镇。Cheapproducts

flooded

themarket,leadingtoadropinprices.

翻译：廉价商品充斥市场，导致了物价下跌。Whensheheardthegoodnews,

afloodof

tearsrolleddownhercheeks.翻译：听到这个好消息时，她热泪盈眶。Memoriesofherchildhoodcamebacktoher,bringingafloodofmixedfeelings.翻译：童年的回忆涌上心头，让她百感交集。volcaniceruption火山喷发

volcano

/vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/火山volcanoes/volcanosvolcanicadjErupt

/ɪˈrʌpt/（火山）喷发；（岩浆、气体等）喷出eruption

/ɪˈrʌpʃn/n.喷发；爆发A

volcaniceruption

forcedallthevillagerstoevacuatequickly.

翻译：一次火山喷发迫使所有村民迅速撤离。Scientistshavebeenmonitoringthevolcanocloselytowarnpeopleofanypossible

volcaniceruption.

翻译：科学家们一直在密切监测这座火山，以便提醒人们防范任何可能发生的火山喷发。magnitude/ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/n.震级；重大magnitude：侧重“规模、量级”，尤指自然现象强度或事物重要程度importance：泛指“重要性”，使用范围更广（可用于人、事、物）Theearthquakeofmagnitude6.8causedgreatdamage.6.8级地震造成了巨大破坏。Thetaskisofgreatmagnitudeandrequirescarefulplanning.这项任务极为重要，需要周密计划。rescue/ˈreskjuː/n.&vt.营救；救援rescuesb.fromsth./sb.（从……中营救某人）inrescueof（为营救……）carryoutarescue（实施营救）消防员从着火的大楼里救出了三个孩子。Thefirefightersrescuedthreechildrenfromtheburningbuilding.Arescueteamarrivedatthescenewithin10minutes.救援队10分钟内赶到了现场。damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失damages（复数形式）：法律上的“赔偿金”damagesth.（损害某物）damagesb.’sreputation/health（损害某人的名誉/健康）seriously/severelydamage（严重损害）dodamagetosth.（对某物造成损害）physical/economic/environmentaldamage（物质/经济/环境损失）暴风雨损坏了村里数百所房屋。Thestormdamagedhundredsofhousesinthevillage.Thecompanysufferedheavyeconomicdamagefromthecrisis.这家公司因危机遭受了严重的经济损失。destroy/dɪˈstrɔɪ/vt.摧毁；毁灭destroyacity/village（摧毁城市/村庄）destroyhopes/dreams/confidence（摧毁希望/梦想/信心）destroyrelationships/trust（破坏关系/信任）Hiscarelessmistakedestroyedallhishopesofsuccess.他的粗心错误摧毁了他所有的成功希望。Thebigfiredestroyedtheancienttemple.大火烧毁了那座古老的寺庙。evacuate/ɪˈvækjueɪt/vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离evacuatesb.fromsp.（从某地疏散/撤出某人）evacuatesafely（安全撤离）evacuatefromsp.（从某地撤离）Allstudentswereevacuatedtoasafeplaceafterthefirealarmwentoff.火警响起后，所有学生都被疏散到了安全地点。Theyhadtoevacuatefromtheirhomesbecauseofthewildfire.由于野火，他们不得不从家中撤离。helicopter/ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/n.直升机takeahelicopter（乘坐直升机）helicoptercrash（直升机坠毁）Therescueteamarrivedatthescenebyhelicopter.（救援队乘直升机抵达现场。）Theyusedahelicoptertoevacuatetheinjuredhikers.（他们用直升机撤离了受伤的徒步旅行者。）death/deθ/n.死；死亡die的名词形式（die→death）causesb.'sdeath（导致某人死亡）resultindeath（导致死亡）thedeathofsb./sth.（某人/某物的死亡/消亡）accidentaldeath（意外死亡）Smokingcanleadtoseriousillnessandevendeath.（吸烟会导致重病甚至死亡。）Hesavedthechildattheriskofhisowndeath.（他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。）Thedeathoftraditionalcraftsisagreatloss.（传统工艺的消亡是一大损失。）affect/əˈfekt/vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动affectsth.negatively/positively（对某物产生负面/正面影响）beaffectedby（受……影响）affectone’smood/health/decision（影响某人的情绪/健康/决定）beaffectedwithadisease（感染某种疾病）说出句子中affect的含义：Theeconomiccrisishasaffectedtheemploymentrateofyoungpeopleinmanycountries.影响Theseriousfluaffectedhundredsofstudentsintheschool,leadingtotheclosureofsomeclasses.（疾病）侵袭Shewasdeeplyaffectedbytheselflessspiritofthevolunteerswhenshewatchedthedocumentary.深深打动Long-termstresscanaffectaperson’ssleepqualityandmentalhealth.影响shelter/ˈʃeltə(r)/n.避难处；居所；庇护

vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避辨析句子中单词含义

1.Aftertheflood,thelocalgovernmentsetuptemporarysheltersforthehomelessfamilies.n.避难处2.Thethicktreesshelteredthevillagersfromtheheavyrainandstrongwind.vt.保护；掩蔽3.Theyhadtoshelterinacavewhenthestormsuddenlyhitthemountainarea.vi.躲避4.Theoldmanfoundshelterinasmallwoodenhouseduringthesnowstorm.n.居所；庇护处crack/kræk/n.裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.（使）破裂acrackinsth.（某物上的裂纹/裂缝）crackavase/window（打碎花瓶/窗户）厨房窗户上有一条小裂缝There’sasmallcrackinthekitchenwindow.asif似乎；好像；仿佛引导方式状语从句或表语从句例句场景从句动词形式Sheactsasifshekneweverything.

（她表现得好像什么都知道似的。→实际不知道）与现在事实不符过去式（be动词用were）HetalkedasifhehadbeentoMars.

（他说得好像去过火星一样。→实际没去过）与过去事实不符had+过去分词Itlooksasifitmightrainthisevening.

（看起来今晚好像要下雨。→不确定）与将来事实不符would/could/might+动词原形Itseemsasifheisill.

（他看起来好像病了。→可能真的生病）陈述真实情况（表推测）一般现在时/现在进行时ruin/ˈruːɪn/n.&vt.破坏；毁坏inruins严重受损；破败不堪ruin：泛指“破坏”具体或抽象事物，强调毁坏后的状态。destroy：强调彻底、毁灭性的破坏，难以修复，多用于具体事物。damage：多指局部的、可修复的损坏。Thevillagelayinruinsaftertheearthquake.形容具体事物Hisplanwasinruinsbecauseofthesuddenaccident.比喻抽象事物percent/pəˈsent/n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百的percent：强调具体比例，与数字连用percentage：名词，意为“百分比、百分率”，onehundredpercent

百分之百；完全increaseby...percent

增长百分之……decreaseby...percent

减少百分之……brick/brɪk/n.砖；砖块abrickwall

砖墙toybricks

积木Thelittleboyspenthoursplayingwithhistoy

bricks.Shedroppeda

brick

whenshementionedhisex-girlfriendintheconversation.dropabrick

（口语）失言；说错话metal/ˈmetl/n.金属heavymetal重金属metalproducts金属制品metalindustry金属工业Themachineismadeofmetal.表泛指“金属”（不可数）

Goldandsilverarepreciousmetals.表具体“某种金属”（可数）shock/ʃɒk/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊inshock震惊；吃惊shocked

adj.感到震惊的（主语为人）shocking

adj.令人震惊的（主语为事物）shocksb.beshockedatbeshockedbysth.某人很震惊Afterhearingtheresult,shejuststoodthereinshock.

表“情绪上的震惊”Thevictimwasfoundlyingonthegroundinshock.表“医学上的休克”electricity/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/n.电；电能electric

adj.电动的electrical

adj.与电有关的electrician

n.电工；电气技师produce/generateelectricity

发电supplyelectricity

供电cutoffelectricity

切断电源saveelectricity

节约用电electricitysupply

电力供应electricitybill

电费账单Electricityplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife.Thesmallvillagehasnoaccesstoelectricity.trap/træp/vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱过去式/过去分词：trapped；现在分词：trappingThepolicerealizeditwasa

trap

setbythecriminalsassoonastheyenteredthebuilding.()

③Theexplorerfellintoahiddentrapandcouldn’tclimbouteasily.()②Manyyoungpeoplegetintoafinancialtrapbecauseofoverspendingwithcreditcards.()①ShewarnedherfriendnottofallintothetrapofbelievingeverythingontheInternet.()③选择trap的正确词义（①险境；困境②陷阱；捕捉器③（诱骗他人的）圈套），将序号填在括号内。bury/ˈberi/vt.埋葬；安葬引申义：①隐藏；埋藏②埋头于；专心于过去式/过去分词

buried；现在分词

buryingburythedead埋葬死者buryone'sheadinthesand逃避现实；掩耳盗铃beburiedalive被活埋；忙得不可开交buryoneselfinsth./buryoneselfindoingsth.=devoteoneselftosth./focusondoingsth.Sheburiedhersecretinherheartformanyyears.她把这个秘密藏在心里很多年了。Thescientistburiedhimselfintheresearchandignoredtheoutsideworld.这位科学家全身心投入研究，忽略了外界的一切。专心于，致力于concentrateondoingfocusondoingburyoneselfin=beburiedindoingbeabsorbedindoing

belostindoingdevoteoneselfto=bedevotedtodoingbreathe/briːð/vi.&vt.呼吸

breath

名词breathein

吸气breatheout

呼气breathefreely/easily

呼吸顺畅breathelifeintosth.

给……注入活力breatheasighofrelief

松了一口气Thenewmanagerbreathedlifeintothestrugglingcompany.

新经理给这家岌岌可危的公司注入了活力。Webreathedasighofreliefwhenweheardthegoodnews.

听到好消息时，我们松了一口气。revive/rɪˈvaɪv/vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒revival/rɪˈvaɪvl/n.振兴；复苏revivetheeconomy振兴经济economicrevival经济复苏culturalrevival文化复兴Thegovernmentistryingtorevivethedecliningindustry.政府正试图振兴这个日渐衰落的行业。Wearewitnessingarevivaloftraditionalcrafts.我们正见证传统手工艺的复兴。动词变名词survive----survivaln.幸存；生还revive----revivaln.振兴；复苏arrive----arrivaln.到达propose----proposaln.提议，建议approve-----approvaln.批准，认可effort/ˈefət/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事puteffortintosth.在某事上付出努力witheffort费力地；艰难地withouteffort

毫不费力地Thegovernmenttookmeasures

inaneffortto

reducepollution.inanefforttodosth.

为了做某事Youshould

makeaneffortto

improveyourpronunciation.tryone'sbesttodosth.

unify/ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/vi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体unification

/ˌjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n.统一；联合unified

/ˈjuːnɪfaɪd/adj.统一的；一致的unifyacountry/nation统一国家unifystandards/rules统一标准/规则unifyopinions/views统一意见/观点unify...into...把……统一成……Theleader’sgoalwastounifythecountryafterthewar.这位领导人的目标是在战后实现国家统一。Weneedtounifyouropinionsbeforethemeetingstarts.我们需要在会议开始前统一意见。wisdom/ˈwɪzdəm/n.智慧；才智wise

adj.明智的；有智慧的wisely

adv.明智地；聪明地

thewisdomof...

……的智慧/明智之处commonwisdom

普遍共识；常识性看法Theoldmansharedhiswisdomwiththeyounggeneration.这位老人把自己的智慧分享给了年轻一代。Commonwisdomsaysthathardworkleadstosuccess.人们普遍认为，努力就会成功。context/ˈkɒntekst/n.上下文；语境；背景inthecontextof

在……的语境中fromthecontext

从上下文来看inthehistoricalcontext

在历史背景下inthesocialcontext

在社会环境中Youcanguessthemeaningofthenewwordfromthecontext你可以通过上下文猜测这个生词的含义。Thebookprovidesaclearcontextforunderstandingculturaldifferences这本书为理解文化差异提供了清晰的背景。suffer/ˈsʌfə(r)/vi./vt.受苦；遭受；经历名词：suffering（痛苦；苦难）sufferfromacold（患感冒）sufferfromheartdisease（患有心脏病）sufferfromloneliness（饱受孤独之苦）sufferfromstress（承受压力）sufferpain（承受痛苦）sufferanaccident（遭遇事故）Hesufferedaseriousinjuryinthecarcrash.他在车祸中受了重伤。Thepeoplesufferedalotduringthewar.人们在战争中损失惨重supply/səˈplaɪ/n./vt.供应量；补给；[pl.]补给品；供应；供给Provide/offer/supplysb.withsth.Provide/offer/supplysth.tosb.provide是普通性提供offer侧重主动自愿supply是长期稳定提供Thegovernmentpromisedtosupplythehomelesspeople______foodandtents.withFreshwaterandmedical______(supply)weresenttotheflood-strickenareaimmediately.suppliesDuetothebadweather,thesupply______gasolineinthisregionhasbeencutofftemporarily.oftyphoon/taɪˈfuːn/n.台风hit/strikeatyphoon

遭遇台风asevere/strongtyphoon

强台风hurricane飓风/ˈhʌrɪkən/n.storm暴风雨台风通常会带来暴雨和强风。Typhoonsoftenbringheavyrainandstrongwinds.当地政府已为即将到来的台风做好了准备。Thelocalgovernmenthasmadepreparationsforthecomingtyphoon.survive/səˈvaɪv/vi./vt.幸存；活下来；挺过survive+accident,disaster,fire,illness

幸存于survivor

/səˈvaɪvə(r)/n.幸存者；生还者survival

/səˈvaɪvl/n.生存；幸存；残存物

survivesb.(by+时间段)比某人活得久他比妻子多活了十年Hesurvivedhiswifebytenyears.她去年在一场严重的车祸中幸存下来。Shesurvivedaseriouscarcrashlastyearpower/ˈpaʊə(r)/n./vt.电力；权力；力量；供电；驱动powercut

停电powersupply

供电cometopower

掌权powerthedevelopment

推动发展将句子中power的词义与选项对应）A.电力B.权力C.力量D.强国E.驱动Thepoweroflovecanhealabrokenheart.Thisnewbatterycanpoweryourphonefor3days.Thegovernmentinpowerhasmadeaseriesofnewpolicies.JapanisaneconomicpowerinAsia.Weneedtosavepowerbyturningofflightswhenleaving.EBDACtap/tæp/n./vi./vt.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲；轻拍turnon/offthetap（打开/关上水龙头）tapat/onsth.（轻叩某物）givesb./sth.atap（轻拍某人/某物）Igavehimatapontheshouldertogethisattention.（我轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀提醒他。）Theteachertappedthedesktoquietthestudents.（老师轻敲桌子让学生们安静下来。）pipe/paɪp/n.管子；管道waterpipe水管gaspipe燃气管oilpipe输油管Workersarelayingnewpipestoimprovethecity'swatersupplysystem.（工人们正在铺设新管道，完善城市供水系统。）Sheplaysthepipeverywellandoftenperformsintheschoolband.管乐器”（如长笛、单簧管等）whistle/ˈwɪsl/n./vi./vt.哨子；呼啸声；吹口哨；呼啸blowawhistle（吹哨）thewhistleofthewind（风的呼啸声）The

whistle

ofthetraincouldbeheardinthedistance（远处传来了火车的鸣笛声。）Thekettle

whistled

whenthewaterboiled（水烧开时，水壶发出了鸣笛声。）emergency/iˈmɜːdʒənsi/n./adj.突发事件；紧急情况；紧急的emergencysupplies应急物资emergencyexit紧急出口emergencyservices应急救援

Hewassenttotheemergencyroomafterthecaraccident.Weshouldkeepsomeemergencysuppliesathome,suchasflashlightsandwater.Thecompanyheldanemergencymeetingtodiscussthecrisis.Pleaserememberthelocationoftheemergencyexitbeforetakingtheplane.calm/kɑːm/adj./vt./vi.镇静的；沉着的；使平静；使镇静calmsea（平静的海面）calmweather（晴朗无风的天气）calmdown（平静下来）calm知识点专项练习题Whenfacingdanger,itisimportant

______(keep)calm

andthinkofawayout.Themothertriedherbest

______(calm)hercryingbabydown

bysingingalullaby.Afterthestorm,theseabecameas

______(calm)

asamirror.tokeeptocalmcalmaid/eɪd/n./vi./vt.援助；帮助；救援物资；帮助；援助inaidof

为了帮助……（表目的）withtheaidof

在……的帮助下cometoone’said

前来援助某人medicalaids

医疗援助物资专项练习题Thelocalgovernmentprovidedfoodandclothingas______(aid)forthefloodvictims.Withtheaid______moderntechnology,wecancommunicatewithpeopleanywhere.Agroupofdoctorsandnurseswenttothepoorareatoaid______medicalwork.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnbasic______(firstaid)skillstosavelives.aidofinfirstaidkit/kɪt/n.成套工具；成套设备firstaidkit短语急救箱Weneeda

first-aidkit

incaseofemergencies（我们需要一个急救箱以备不时之需。）Myfatherboughtanew

carrepairkit

tofixsmallproblemswithourcarHikersshouldcarrya

survivalkit

includingacompass,aflashlightandsomefoodThis

drawingkit

containspencils,erasers,andwatercolorpaints.onhand短语现有；在手边athand时间临近inhand正在处理中onthespot在现场Keepadictionary

athand

whileyou’rereading.

Severaldoctorswere

inattendance

attheconference.crash/kræʃ/vt./vi./n.碰撞；撞击；撞车；碰撞事故crashintosth.撞上某物crashagainststh.撞击某物Atruck

crashedinto

atreebytheroadyesterday.（昨天一辆卡车撞上了路边的树。）Theplanecrashedinthemountains,andnoonesurvived.（飞机在山区坠毁，无人生还。）sweepaway短语冲走；扫除感知短语的用法Theflood

sweptaway

severalhousesinthevillage.Manytreeswere

sweptaway

bythestrongtyphoon.Becareful—thefast-movingrivercould

sweepyouaway.She

sweptaway

thefallenleavesintheyard.Thegoodnews

sweptaway

allourworries.wave/weɪv/n./vi./vt.波浪；挥手；挥动；波动感知用法Thechildrenareplayinginthewavesonthebeach.Ahugewavecrashedagainsttheshoreandsoakedourclothes.Shegavemeawaveasshegotonthebus.IrespondedwithawavewhenIsawmyfriendacrossthestreet.Awaveofexcitementsweptthroughthecrowdwhenthestarappeared.Thenewpolicycausedawaveofprotestsacrossthecountry.Thestockpriceshavebeenwavingupanddownthisweek（明星出现时，一阵兴奋的浪潮席卷了人群。）（这项新政策在全国引发了一阵抗议浪潮。）（本周股票价格一直起伏波动。）strike/straɪk/vt./vi./n.袭击；击打；罢工；袭击；罢工过去式：struck过去分词：struck

/

stricken（后者多用于抽象或被动语境）现在分词：strikingAseveretyphoon

struck

lastnight,causinggreatdamage.Theenemy

struck

thevillageatdawn.Theareawas

struckby

anearthquakelastmonth.He

struck

thetableangrilywithhisfist.Theship

struckagainst

arockandsankslowly.Theworkers

struckfor

betterworkingconditions.Theworkersareplanninga

strike

nextweek.It

struck

methatIhadleftmykeysatschool.

Itstrikessb.that...（某人突然想到……They

struckup

aconversationonthetrain.他们在火车上聊了起来。deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/vt./vi.递送；传达；发表；分娩deliverapackage/letter/parcel投递包裹/信件deliveramessage/information传达信息deliverone’sthanks/apology转达谢意/歉意deliveraspeech/lecture/address发表演讲/发表演说Thepresident

delivered

animportantspeechonnationalTVyesterday.Theprofessorwill

deliver

alectureonenvironmentalprotectionnextwe