2025年翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级试题及答案

2025年翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级试题及答案一、综合能力试题（一）词汇和语法（共20题，每题1分）1.Thenewpolicyaimsto______thegapbetweenurbanandruraleducationbyallocatingmoreresourcestoremoteareas.A.minimizeB.diminishC.reduceD.decrease2.Theprofessor,alongwithhistwograduatestudents,______workingonabreakthroughinquantumcomputingwhenthepowersupplyfailed.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are3.______bytheunexpectedstorm,therescueteamhadtopostponethemountainsearchuntildawn.A.BeinghinderedB.HinderedC.HavinghinderedD.Tobehindered4.Thecommitteemembersdebated______whethertoprioritizerenewableenergyprojectsoverinfrastructureupgrades.A.atlengthB.inlengthC.onlengthD.bylength5.Itiscrucialthatthegovernment______effectivemeasurestocurbtherisingrateofyouthunemployment.A.takesB.takeC.tookD.willtake6.Theancientmanuscript,______inasealedchamberforcenturies,revealedsurprisingdetailsaboutearlymaritimetraderoutes.A.havingbeenpreservedB.preservedC.preservingD.beingpreserved7.TheCEO’sdecisiontodownsizetheworkforcewasmetwith______frombothemployeesandlaborunions.A.oppositionB.opponentC.opposeD.opposing8.______moretime,theresearcherscouldhaveconductedamorecomprehensiveanalysisofthedata.A.GivenB.GivingC.TogiveD.Havinggiven9.Thecity’sskylinehastransformeddramatically,withskyscrapers______wherelow-risebuildingsoncestood.A.toweringB.totowerC.havingtoweredD.tower10.Thereportemphasizesthatsustainabledevelopmentisnot______anenvironmentalissuebutasocio-economiconeaswell.A.merelyB.rarelyC.scarcelyD.barely11.Thearchaeologicalfindings______thetheorythatearlyhumansettlementsweremorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.A.authenticateB.validateC.verifyD.confirm12.______thecomplexityoftheproject,theteammanagedtodelivertheprototypeaheadofschedule.A.DespiteofB.InspiteC.DespiteD.Although13.Thenovel’sprotagonist,a______artiststrugglingwithidentity,reflectstheauthor’sownexperiencesofculturaldisplacement.A.tormentedB.tormentingC.tormentD.totorment14.Thenewtrafficregulations,______lastmonth,havesignificantlyreducedthenumberofaccidentsattheintersection.A.implementingB.implementedC.toimplementD.havingimplemented15.Itwasnotuntilthe21stcentury______scientistsbegantofullyunderstandthemechanismsofclimatechange.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.as16.Thecompany’slatestproducthasreceived______reviewsfromtechcritics,praisingitsinnovativedesignandfunctionality.A.complementaryB.complimentaryC.complementD.compliment17.Theelderlycouple,______intheirsmallvillagefordecades,founditdifficulttoadapttocitylife.A.havinglivedB.livingC.livedD.tolive18.Thegovernment’spledgetoreducecarbonemissionsby40%by2030is______oninternationalcooperationandtechnologicalinnovation.A.conditionalB.dependentC.reliantD.based19.______withthechallengesofurbanization,manycitiesarenowinvestinginsmartcitytechnologies.A.FacingB.FacedC.TofaceD.Havingfaced20.Thesurveyresultsindicatethat______60%ofrespondentsbelievepublictransportationshouldbefreeforstudents.A.approximatelyB.appropriatelyC.proximatelyD.proportionally（二）阅读理解（共3篇，每篇5题，每题2分）Passage1Theconceptof"slowscience"hasgainedtractioninacademiccirclesasaresponsetotheacceleratingpaceofresearchdrivenbycompetitivefundingmodelsandpublish-or-perishpressures.Unliketherapid,high-outputapproachprevalentinmodernacademia,slowscienceemphasizesdeepengagementwithcomplexquestions,allowingforunplanneddetoursandextendedperiodsofexploration.Proponentsarguethatthismodelfostersmoreinnovativeandimpactfuldiscoveries,asitreducesthepressuretoproduceincrementalfindingsforthesakeofpublication.Critics,however,warnthatslowsciencerisksbecomingaluxuryaccessibleonlytowell-fundedinstitutionsordisciplineswithnaturallyslowertimelines,suchasastronomyorpaleontology.Theyalsoquestionwhetheritsprinciplescanbeappliedtofieldswhereurgentproblems—likepandemicresponseorclimatemitigation—requirerapidprogress.Despitethesedebates,initiativesliketheSlowScienceManifesto,publishedin2010,continuetoinspireresearcherstoreevaluatetheirworkrhythms,advocatingforgrantcyclesthatspan10yearsinsteadof3andmetricsthatvaluedepthoverquantity.21.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheadvantagesofrapidscientificresearchinmodernacademiaB.AcomparisonbetweentraditionalandmodernresearchmethodsC.Theemergenceanddebatessurrounding"slowscience"D.Theroleoffundingmodelsinshapingresearchoutcomes22.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyfeatureofslowscience?A.Focusonhigh-volumepublicationB.EmphasisonincrementalfindingsC.ToleranceforunplannedresearchdirectionsD.Relianceonshort-termgrantcycles23.Whydocriticsexpressconcernaboutslowscience?A.ItmaybeunavailabletounderfundedinstitutionsB.ItignorestheneedforurgentscientificsolutionsC.ItfailstoattractyoungresearchersD.BothAandB24.WhatdoestheSlowScienceManifestopropose?A.ShortergrantperiodstoincreaseproductivityB.EvaluationcriteriaprioritizingresearchdepthC.RestrictingslowsciencetospecificdisciplinesD.Eliminatingcompetitivefundingmodels25.Theword"traction"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.resistanceB.attentionC.conflictD.declinePassage2Inthedigitalage,theconceptof"deepreading"—theabilitytoengagewithcomplextextsanalyticallyandempathetically—isunderthreat.Withtheproliferationofsocialmedia,newsfeeds,andbite-sizedcontent,manyreadersnowskiminformationratherthanimmersethemselvesinlengthynarratives.Studiesshowthatconstantswitchingbetweentasks,acommonbehaviorindigitalenvironments,reducesthebrain’scapacityforsustainedfocus,makingithardertoprocessmulti-layeredargumentsorconnectwithcharactersinliterature.Educatorsandcognitivescientistsareincreasinglyalarmedbythistrend.Theyarguethatdeepreadingisnotjustaboutliteracy;itisafoundationalskillforcriticalthinking,emotionalintelligence,andevenmoralreasoning.Forexample,readinganovelrequiresthereadertotrackmultipleplotlines,infercharactermotivations,andreflectontheauthor’sperspective—processesthatstrengthenneuralpathwaysassociatedwithempathyandanalysis.Incontrast,scrollingthroughsocialmediaofteninvolvespassiveconsumptionoffragmentedinformation,whichdoesnotstimulatethesecognitivefunctions.Tocounteractthis,schoolsandlibrariesareimplementingprogramsthatpromotedeepreading,suchasdedicated"screen-free"readingperiodsandguideddiscussionsoncomplextexts.Sometechcompaniesarealsoexperimentingwithtoolsthatlimitdistraction,likee-readersthatblockinternetaccessorappsthatmeasurereadingdepthbytrackingeyemovementandcomprehensionlevels.26.Whatisthemainthreattodeepreadingaccordingtothepassage?A.ThedeclineinliteracyratesB.TheriseofdigitalcontentconsumptionhabitsC.ThelackofcomplextextsavailableD.Thedecreaseinlibraryfunding27.Whatcognitivefunctionsdoesdeepreadingenhance?A.SustainedfocusandcriticalthinkingB.MultitaskingandinformationskimmingC.PassiveconsumptionofdataD.Emotionaldetachmentfromnarratives28.Howdoesreadinganovelcontributetocognitivedevelopment?A.ByrequiringtrackingofmultipleelementsandperspectivereflectionB.ByencouragingrapidswitchingbetweendifferenttasksC.ByreducingtheneedforempathytrainingD.Bypromotingpassiveacceptanceofauthor’sviews29.Whatmeasuresarebeingtakentopromotedeepreading?A.BanningalldigitaldevicesinschoolsB.Introducingscreen-freereadingperiodsanddistraction-limitingtoolsC.ReplacingnovelswithsocialmediacontentincurriculaD.Developingappsthatencouragerapidinformationskimming30.Theword"proliferation"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.reductionB.varietyC.spreadD.improvementPassage3Urbanagriculture,onceanichepractice,istransformingcitiesworldwide.FromrooftopgreenhousesinNewYorktocommunitygardensinBerlin,urbanfarmersaregrowingfreshproduceinspacestraditionallyusedforparkinglotsorabandonedbuildings.Thistrendisdrivenbymultiplefactors:increasingawarenessoffoodsecurity,adesireforlocallysourcedorganicfood,andtheneedtomitigateurbanheatislandsthroughgreeninfrastructure.OneofthemostinnovativeexamplesisSingapore’s"verticalfarms,"whichusehydroponicsystemsandLEDlightingtogrowleafygreensinstackedlayers.Thesefarmsproduce100timesmoreyieldpersquaremeterthanconventionalfarms,reducingthecity-state’srelianceonimportedvegetables.InTokyo,"agri-offices"combineofficespaceswithindoorfarms,allowingemployeestoworkalongsideautomatedplantersandharvestfreshherbsforon-sitecafeterias.Beyondfoodproduction,urbanagriculturehassocialandenvironmentalbenefits.Communitygardensfosterneighborlyinteractionsandprovidegreenspacesindenselypopulatedareas.Theyalsoabsorbrainwater,reducingfloodrisks,andsequestercarbondioxide,aidinginclimatechangeadaptation.However,challengesremain,includinghighstartupcosts,zoningregulationsthatrestrictagriculturaluseofurbanland,andlimitedaccesstoaffordablewaterandenergyforindoorfarms.31.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofconventionalfarmingB.ThegrowthandimpactofurbanagricultureC.ThechallengesofhydroponictechnologyD.Theroleofimportedfoodincities32.Whatdrivesthetrendofurbanagriculture?A.DecreasedawarenessoffoodsecurityB.Demandfornon-organicproduceC.DesiretoaddressurbanheatislandsD.Availabilityofcheapruralland33.HowdoSingapore’sverticalfarmsdifferfromconventionalfarms?A.TheyuselessspaceforhigheryieldsB.TheyrelyontraditionalfarmingmethodsC.Theyproduceonlynon-leafyvegetablesD.Theyrequiremoremanuallabor34.Whatsocialbenefitdocommunitygardensprovide?A.ReducingcarbonsequestrationB.IncreasingfloodrisksC.EnhancingcommunityinteractionD.Loweringenergycosts35.Whatisachallengeforurbanagriculturementionedinthepassage?A.LowstartupcostsB.SupportivezoningregulationsC.AccesstoaffordablewaterD.Highavailabilityofenergy（三）完形填空（共20题，每题1分）Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkeddebatesaboutitsimpactonthejobmarket.Whilesomefearwidespreadunemployment,othersarguethatAIwill______36newindustriesandtransformexistingones.ArecentreportbytheWorldEconomicForumpredictsthatby2025,AIwill______3785millionjobsbutcreate97millionnewones,______38anetgain.Thekeyliesin______39theworkforceforthesechanges.Jobsthatinvolveroutinetasks,suchasdataentryorassemblylinework,aremost______40toautomation.Incontrast,rolesrequiringhuman______41—likecreativity,emotionalintelligence,andcomplexproblem-solving—arelikelytobecomemore______42.Toadapt,governmentsandbusinessesmustinvestin______43educationandlifelonglearning.Programsthatteach______44skills,suchasAIliteracyandcross-disciplinarythinking,willhelpworkers______45intheevolvingeconomy.Forexample,FinlandhasintroducedAI______46intoprimaryschoolcurricula,whilecompanieslikeIBMoffer______47trainingtoemployeestransitioningfromautomatedroles.However,thetransitionwillnotbe______48.Vulnerablegroups,includinglow-skilledworkersandthosein______49industries,mayfacesignificantchallenges.Policiessuchaswagesubsidies,job______50assistance,anduniversalbasicincomearebeingdiscussedaspotentialsolutionstoeasethetransition.36.A.eliminateB.generateC.replaceD.stabilize37.A.displaceB.createC.enhanceD.secure38.A.resultinginB.leadingtoC.accountingforD.amountingto39.A.evaluatingB.preparingC.analyzingD.monitoring40.A.resistantB.essentialC.vulnerableD.beneficial41.A.attributesB.limitationsC.weaknessesD.defects42.A.redundantB.obsoleteC.valuableD.trivial43.A.technicalB.vocationalC.formalD.adaptive44.A.transferableB.traditionalC.physicalD.manual45.A.thriveB.surviveC.struggleD.retire46.A.researchB.coursesC.toolsD.labs47.A.mandatoryB.optionalC.retrainingD.basic48.A.smoothB.abruptC.complexD.gradual49.A.emergingB.decliningC.growingD.stable50.A.huntingB.creationC.lossD.transition二、笔译实务试题（一）英译汉（40分）Thepastdecadehaswitnessedaparadigmshiftinglobalurbandevelopment.Cities,onceseenprimarilyascentersofindustryandcommerce,arenowrecognizedascriticalplayersinthefightagainstclimatechange.Thistransformationisdrivenbybothurgency—withurbanareasresponsibleforover70%ofglobalcarbonemissions—andinnovation,ascitiesleveragetechnologyandpolicytoreimaginesustainability.TakeCopenhagen,forinstance.TheDanishcapitalaimstobecometheworld’sfirstcarbon-neutralcityby2025.Itsstrategycombinesaggressiverenewableenergyadoption—windturbinesnowsupply50%ofthecity’selectricity—withurbanplanningthatprioritizescyclingandpublictransit.Over50%ofCopenhagenerscommutebybike,ashiftsupportedby400kmofdedicatedbikelanesandsmarttrafficlightsthatadjusttimingtofavorcyclists.Meanwhile,inMexicoCity,adifferentbutequallyimpactfulapproachisunfolding.Facingsevereairpollutionandwaterscarcity,thecityhaslaunched"Ecobici,"apublicbike-sharingsystemwith6,000bicyclesand400stations,reducingrelianceonprivatecars.Ithasalsoimplementedrainwaterharvestingprojects,capturing10millionlitersofwaterannuallytoreplenishundergroundaquifers.Theseinitiativesnotonlymitigateenvironmentalharmbutalsoimprovequalityoflife,withcleanerairandmoreaccessiblegreenspaces.Citiesarenolongerjustpartoftheproblem;theyareattheforefrontofthesolution.Asurbanpopulationscontinuetogrow—projectedtoreach68%oftheglobalpopulationby2050—theirabilitytoinnovateandcollaboratewilldeterminetheplanet’sclimatefuture.（二）汉译英（60分）近年来，中国的文化遗产保护取得了显著进展。从敦煌莫高窟的数字化工程到福建土楼的整体修缮，一系列举措既保留了文化记忆，又探索了传统与现代的融合路径。例如，故宫博物院通过"数字故宫"项目，将186万件文物进行高清数字化，观众不仅能在官网浏览360度全景展厅，还能通过虚拟现实技术"走进"古代宫廷，感受文物背后的历史脉络。非物质文化遗产的保护同样成果丰硕。苏州刺绣、景德镇陶瓷等传统工艺不仅在传承中保持技艺纯度，更通过与现代设计的结合焕发新生。四川成都的"蜀绣工坊"引入年轻设计师，将传统刺绣图案与潮流服饰元素融合，产品远销海外，既实现了文化传播，又带动了当地就业。文化遗产保护的实践表明，传统不是束缚发展的枷锁，而是创新的源泉。当古老的智慧与现代技术相遇，文化遗产便从"博物馆里的展品"转变为"生活中的文化体验"，在当代社会中持续释放生命力。三、参考答案（一）综合能力1-5CABAB6-10AAAAA11-15DCABB16-20BADBA21-25CCDBB26-30BAABC31-35BCACC36-40BAABC41-45ACDAA46-50BCABD（二）笔译实务英译汉参考译文：过去十年间，全球城市发展经历了范式转变。城市曾主要被视为工业与商业中心，如今则被公认为应对气候变化的关键力量。这一转变既源于紧迫需求——城市贡献了全球70%以上的碳排放，也得益于创新驱动——各城市正借助技术与政策重新定义可持续发展。以哥本哈根为例。这座丹麦首都目标在2025年成为全球首个碳中和城市。其战略融合了激进的可再生能源推广（风力涡轮机目前已满足城市50%的电力需求）与优先发展自行车和公共交通的城市规划。超过50%的哥本哈根居民选择自行车通勤，这一转变得益于400公里专用自行车道及智能交通信号灯——后者会调整计时以优先保障骑行者。与此同时，墨西哥城正以另一种同样卓有成效的方式推进变革。面对严重的空气污染与水资源短缺，该市推出"生态自行车"公共自