直接引语和间接引语练习题

直接引语和间接引语练习题在英语写作与口语表达中，引语的正确使用是传递信息、转述观点的重要手段。直接引语与间接引语的灵活转换，不仅体现了语言的准确性，更能增强表达的流畅性与得体性。掌握这一语法点，需要清晰理解其转换规则，并通过持续练习加以巩固。本文将提供一系列练习题，并附参考答案与解析，旨在帮助读者系统提升相关技能。一、核心概念与转换要点回顾在进入练习之前，我们简要回顾直接引语（DirectSpeech）和间接引语（IndirectSpeech，或称ReportedSpeech）的核心区别及转换时需注意的关键要素：*直接引语：直接引用他人的原话，通常置于引号内，并需说明说话人及说话的情境（如"Hesaid,'Iamhappy.'"）。*间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的意思，不使用引号，通常由引导词（如`that`,`if`,`whether`,或疑问词）引导，并需根据语境调整人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等（如"Hesaidthathewashappy."）。转换的主要调整方面：1.人称代词：根据转述者的视角进行调整。2.时态：若主句谓语动词为过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态通常要“倒退”一个时态（如一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等）。若引语内容为客观真理或习惯性动作，时态可不变。3.指示代词：如`this`变为`that`，`these`变为`those`。4.时间状语：如`now`变为`then`，`today`变为`thatday`，`tomorrow`变为`thenextday`/`thefollowingday`，`yesterday`变为`thedaybefore`。5.地点状语：如`here`变为`there`。6.句式：疑问句需调整为陈述句语序；祈使句通常转换为`ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.`结构。二、练习题（一）基础陈述句转换将下列直接引语转换为间接引语，注意人称、时态及状语的相应变化。1.Shesaid,"IamlearningEnglishnow."2.Tomtoldme,"Iwillvisitmygrandparentsnextweekend."3."Ihavefinishedmyhomework,"Maryannounced.4.Theteachersaid,"TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun."5.Hesaid,"Imetyourbrotheryesterday."（二）疑问句转换将下列直接引语（疑问句）转换为间接引语。6."Doyoulikecoffee?"sheaskedme.7.Myfatherasked,"Wheredidyougolastnight?"8."Havetheyarrivedyet?"themanagerinquired.9."Whattimedoesthetrainleave?"hewondered.10.Sheasked,"Isthisbookyours?"（三）祈使句转换将下列直接引语（祈使句）转换为间接引语。11.Themothersaidtoherchild,"Cleanyourroom."12."Pleasepassmethesalt,"hesaidtohiswife.13.Thepolicemanshouted,"Stop!"14."Don'ttouchthatbutton,"theengineerwarnedus.15.Shesaidtome,"Pleasewaithereforamoment."（四）混合练习与特殊结构16."Icanspeakthreelanguages,"hetoldusproudly.17.Myfriendsaid,"Iwillbestudyingwhenyouarrivetomorrow."18."Wewenttothecinemayesterday,"theyexplained.19.Thedoctorasked,"Howlonghaveyouhadthissymptom?"20."Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythisbox?"shesaidtotheboy.三、参考答案与解析（一）基础陈述句转换1.ShesaidthatshewaslearningEnglishthen.*解析：人称"I"变为"she"；时态"amlearning"（现在进行时）变为"waslearning"（过去进行时）；时间状语"now"变为"then"。2.Tomtoldmethathewouldvisithisgrandparentsthenextweekend.*解析：人称"I"变为"he"；时态"willvisit"（一般将来时）变为"wouldvisit"（过去将来时）；时间状语"nextweekend"变为"thenextweekend"。3.Maryannouncedthatshehadfinishedherhomework.*解析：人称"I"变为"she"；时态"havefinished"（现在完成时）变为"hadfinished"（过去完成时）。4.TheteachersaidthattheEarthgoesaroundtheSun.*解析：虽然主句为过去时"said"，但引语部分是客观真理，时态保持一般现在时"goes"。5.Hesaidthathehadmetmybrotherthedaybefore.*解析：人称"I"变为"he"，"your"变为"my"；时态"met"（一般过去时）变为"hadmet"（过去完成时）；时间状语"yesterday"变为"thedaybefore"。（二）疑问句转换6.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIlikedcoffee.*解析：一般疑问句用"if"或"whether"引导；人称"you"变为"I"；时态"like"（一般现在时）变为"liked"（一般过去时）；句末用句号。7.MyfatheraskedwhereIhadgonethenightbefore.*解析：特殊疑问句用疑问词"where"引导；人称"you"变为"I"；时态"didgo"（一般过去时）变为"hadgone"（过去完成时）；时间状语"lastnight"变为"thenightbefore"；疑问句语序调整为陈述句语序。8.Themanagerinquiredif/whethertheyhadarrivedyet.*解析：现在完成时"Havearrived"变为过去完成时"hadarrived"；"yet"在间接引语疑问句中可保留。9.Hewonderedwhattimethetrainleft.*解析：特殊疑问词"whattime"引导；时态"doesleave"（一般现在时表将来）变为"left"（一般过去时）；调整语序。10.Sheaskedif/whetherthatbookwasmine.*解析：指示代词"this"变为"that"；人称"yours"变为"mine"；时态"is"变为"was"。（三）祈使句转换11.Themothertoldherchildtocleanhisroom.*解析：祈使句表命令，用"toldsb.todosth."结构；人称"your"变为"his"。12.Heaskedhiswifetopasshimthesalt.*解析：祈使句表请求，用"askedsb.todosth."结构；"please"暗示请求语气。13.Thepolicemanorderedthemtostop.*解析：祈使句表强烈命令，用"orderedsb.todosth."结构；原句无宾语，间接引语中可根据语境补充"them"。14.Theengineerwarnedusnottotouchthatbutton.*解析：否定祈使句，用"warnedsb.nottodosth."结构；指示代词"that"保留。15.Sheaskedmetowaitthereforamoment.*解析："Please"表明请求，用"askedsb.todosth."；地点状语"here"变为"there"。（四）混合练习与特殊结构16.Hetoldusproudlythathecouldspeakthreelanguages.*解析：情态动词"can"变为过去式"could"。17.Myfriendsaidthathe/shewouldbestudyingwhenIarrivedthenextday.*解析：主句为过去时，引语中"willbestudying"（将来进行时）变为"wouldbestudying"（过去将来进行时）；"you"变为"I"；"tomorrow"变为"thenextday"。18.Theyexplainedthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.*解析："went"（一般过去时）变为"hadgone"（过去完成时）；"yesterday"变为"thedaybefore"。19.ThedoctoraskedhowlongIhadhadthatsymptom.*解析：特殊疑问词"howlong"引导；人称"you"变为"I"；现在完成时"havehad"变为过去完成时"hadhad"。20.Sheaskedtheboyifhecouldhelphercarrythatbox./Sheaskedtheboytohelphercarrythatbox.*解析："Couldyouplease...?"是委婉请求，可转换为"askedifhecould..."或直接用"askedsb.todosth."结构。此处两种转换方式皆可，前者更贴近原句疑问结构，后者更简洁地表达请求含义。四、总结与练习建议直接引语与间接引语的转换，看似复杂，实则有章可循。关键在于准确把握语境，尤其是主句的