国开管理英语3考试题及答案

国开管理英语3考试题及答案PartIVocabularyandStructure(20points)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenwritethecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.1.Theboardfinallyapprovedtheproposalthatthemarketingbudget______by15%nextquarter.A.isincreasedB.beincreasedC.willbeincreasedD.hasbeenincreased【答案】B【解析】proposal后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“(should)+动词原形”，被动语态为“(should)bedone”。2.NotuntilthenewERPsystem______intooperationdidwerealizehowoutdatedthepreviousonewas.A.hadbeenputB.wasputC.hasbeenputD.wouldbeput【答案】B【解析】notuntil位于句首，主句用部分倒装；从句用一般过去时陈述客观事实。3.Theregionalmanagerpromisedtokeepme______aboutanychangeinthedeliveryschedule.A.toinformB.informC.informedD.informing【答案】C【解析】keep+宾语+过去分词，表示“使……保持被……状态”。4.______thefiercecompetition,thestart-upmanagedtosecureSeries-Bfinancingwithineightmonths.A.ButforB.InspiteofC.DuetoD.Withregardto【答案】B【解析】inspiteof表示“尽管”，符合让步语境；butfor需接虚拟语气，不符。5.Thelaborunioninsistedthattheovertimepayrate______retroactivelytoJanuary1.A.appliesB.beappliedC.appliedD.willapply【答案】B【解析】insist表示“坚持要求”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“(should)+动词原形”。6.Ifthelogisticsteam______theriskofportcongestionearlier,wewouldhavebookedalternativeroutes.A.identifiedB.hadidentifiedC.identifiesD.wouldidentify【答案】B【解析】与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时。7.Hadthecompanyadoptedamoreflexibleremote-workpolicy,staffturnover______byatleastonethirdlastyear.A.wouldreduceB.hadreducedC.wouldhavereducedD.wouldhavebeenreduced【答案】D【解析】主句主语turnover与reduce为被动关系，且为过去虚拟，故选wouldhavebeendone。8.TheCFOaskedeverydepartmentalheadtosubmitadetailedbreakdown,______thattheoverallcostmightexceedUS$4million.A.notingB.notedC.havingnotedD.tonote【答案】A【解析】现在分词作伴随状语，表示“注意到”，逻辑主语为theCFO。9.Themorefrequentlythesalesforce______customers’painpoints,thehighertheconversionratetendstobe.A.addressB.addressedC.addressingD.addresses【答案】D【解析】“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构中，前后均用一般现在时表示规律。10.Bytheendofnextmonth,thefactory______itsannualoutputtargetforthethirdconsecutiveyear.A.willachieveB.willhaveachievedC.achievesD.hasachieved【答案】B【解析】by+将来时间，用将来完成时。11.Thearbitratorrecommendedthatbothparties______aconfidentialityclausebeforeexchangingsensitivedata.A.signB.signedC.wouldsignD.hadsigned【答案】A【解析】recommend后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，动词原形。12.Themediaaccusedthesupply-chaindirectorof______theactualcarbonemissionsinthesustainabilityreport.A.havingunderstatedB.havingunderstatingC.understateD.understated【答案】A【解析】accusesb.ofdoingsth.，doing用动名词，且understate发生在accuse之前，用完成式。13.Onlyaftertheauditcommittee______theinternal-controlloopholedidtheCEOauthorizeanexternalinvestigation.A.hadidentifiedB.hasidentifiedC.identifiesD.identified【答案】A【解析】onlyafter引导的从句需用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。14.Theboarddeemsiturgentthatthecompliancemanual______intofivelanguagesbyDecember.A.translatesB.betranslatedC.translatedD.translating【答案】B【解析】it作形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语，用虚拟语气“(should)bedone”。15.ThenewlyappointedCOOissaidtobeexpertat______cross-functionalteamsthroughvolatilemarketcycles.A.steeringB.steeredC.steerD.tosteer【答案】A【解析】beexpertat+动名词。16.Theinvestmentcommitteepostponedthevotesothateachmember______ampletimetoscrutinizethedue-diligencereport.A.hadhadB.hadC.mighthaveD.has【答案】C【解析】sothat引导目的状语从句，用might/could+动词原形，语气正式。17.Notonly______themergerproposal,buttheyalsoquestionedthevaluationmethodologypublicly.A.theminorityshareholdersrejectedB.rejectedtheminorityshareholdersC.didtheminorityshareholdersrejectD.theminorityshareholdersdidreject【答案】C【解析】notonly位于句首，主句需部分倒装。18.Thewhistle-blowerclaimedthattheprocurementofficerhadacceptedkickbacks,______eventuallyledtoacriminalindictment.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.it【答案】A【解析】非限制性定语从句，用which指代整个主句内容。19.Thekeynotespeakeremphasizedthatcorporateculture,ratherthanfinancialincentives,______sustainableinnovation.A.drivesB.driveC.havedrivenD.driving【答案】A【解析】主语corporateculture为单数，一般现在时。20.TheHRdirectorrefusestomakeanypromotiondecisionuntilthe360-degreefeedback______byanexternalconsultant.A.willbeanalyzedB.isanalyzedC.hasbeenanalyzedD.analyzed【答案】C【解析】until引导的时间状语从句用现在完成时强调结果，主句为一般现在时。PartIICloze(15points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Foreachnumberedblank,choosethebestwordorphrasefromthefourchoicesgiven.Theriseofalgorithmicmanagementhasfundamentallyreshapedtheemployer-employeerelationship.Ingig-economyplatforms,algorithmsassigntasks,monitorperformance,andevendeterminepayratesinrealtime.Whileproponentspraisethemodelforitsefficiency,criticsarguethatitreducesworkerstomeredatapoints,therebyerodingtheirautonomyandjobsatisfaction.Arecentfieldstudyconductedacrossthreefood-deliveryplatforms21thatridersexperiencesignificantlyhigherstresslevelswhenthealgorithmshortensestimateddeliverytimeswithoutpriornotice.Theunpredictability,22researchersterm“algorithmicopacity,”makesitdifficultforcourierstoschedulerestbreaksorplanfinances.Moreover,theconstantsurveillanceviaGPSandcustomerratingscreatesa23ofinvisiblepressure,whichoftenspillsoverintophysicalexhaustion.Interestingly,thesamestudyfoundthatsmalldesigntweaks—suchasallowingridersto24apreferredradiusfororders—canmitigatefatiguewithouthurtingplatformrevenue.Therationaleissimple:whenworkersgainamodicumofcontrol,theirperceivedfairnessincreases,25translatesintohigherretentionandlowerrecruitmentcostsforthecompany.Regulatorshavebeguntotakenote.TheEuropeanCommission’sdraftdirectiveonplatformworkproposesapresumptionofemploymentrelationship26certainalgorithmiccontrolsarepresent.Ifadopted,platformswillhaveto27thatridersaregenuinelyself-employed,shiftingtheburdenofproof.Analystswarnthatignoringthesedevelopmentscouldexposefirmsto28litigationandreputationaldamage.Corporateleaders,therefore,faceastrategicdilemma:doubledownonpurealgorithmicefficiencyor29human-centricdesignprinciplesthataccommodateworkeragency.ThosewhomanagetobalancebothobjectivesarelikelytosecurewhatMITresearcherscall“sustainablealgorithmiccapital,”aformofcompetitiveadvantagethatisdifficultforrivalsto30.21.A.revealsB.revealsthatC.revealD.revealthat【答案】A【解析】主语study为单数，reveal作谓语，后接that从句时that可省，但选项中revealsthat多余，故选reveals。22.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whom【答案】B【解析】what引导名词性从句，作term的宾语，同时充当从句主语。23.A.layerB.senseC.webD.loop【答案】A【解析】alayerofinvisiblepressure表示“一层无形压力”，形象且符合学术语境。24.A.setB.settingC.besetD.havingset【答案】A【解析】allowsb.todosth.，动词原形。25.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.it【答案】A【解析】非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句。26.A.whereB.unlessC.providedthatD.whereas【答案】A【解析】where引导定语从句，修饰cases隐含的situation。27.A.proveB.disproveC.improveD.approve【答案】B【解析】shiftburdenofproof指“举证责任倒置”，平台需反证。28.A.minimalB.costlyC.marginalD.transitory【答案】B【解析】costlylitigation高昂诉讼费用，符合语境。29.A.integrateB.integratewithC.integratingD.integrated【答案】A【解析】or连接并列谓语，用动词原形与doubledown并列。30.A.imitateB.innovateC.inflateD.investigate【答案】A【解析】difficulttoimitate难以模仿，符合竞争优势理论。PartIIIReadingComprehension(30points)Directions:Readthethreepassagesbelowandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.PassageOneIn2022,Unileverannouncedthatitwoulddivestitsglobalteabusiness,notablyincludingtheLiptonbrand.Thedecisioncameafterayear-longstrategicreviewthatconcludedtheunithadgrown“adjacentbutnolongercore”toUnilever’sportfolio.Analystspointedtotwostructuralheadwinds:first,black-teaconsumptioninWesternmarketshasdeclinedby3%annuallyforfiveconsecutiveyears;second,risinginputcosts—particularlywagesinKenya—erodedgrossmarginsby180basispoints.Ratherthanattemptingtoturnaroundthedivision,Unileveroptedfora“strategicpurity”approach,channelingcapitaltowardhigher-growthsegmentssuchasplant-basedfoodsandfunctionalnutrition.Thecarve-outprocessitselfbecameacasestudyinportfoliomanagement.Unileverfirstcreatedaseparatelegalentity,Ekaterra,ring-fencing11,000employeesand30factories.IttheninvitedGoldmanSachstorunadual-trackprocess:tradesaleversusIPO.Private-equityfirmswereattractedbythebusiness’sstrongcashconversion,yetbalkedattheUS5bPost-deal,Unilever’ssharepricerose4%,validatinginvestorappetiteforfocusedconglomerates.Yetquestionslinger:willtheslimmed-downgroupdeliverhighertotalshareholderreturn,orhasitmerelyswappedmaturecashflowforriskiergrowthbets?31.TheprimarymotiveforUnilever’sdivestmentwasto______.A.avoidregulatoryscrutinyintheEUB.reallocatecapitaltowardhigher-growthcategoriesC.reduceexposuretoKenyancurrencyvolatilityD.preemptahostiletakeoverattempt【答案】B【解析】第二段明确指出channelingcapitaltowardhigher-growthsegments。32.Theword“headwinds”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.tailwindsB.obstaclesC.opportunitiesD.innovations【答案】B【解析】headwinds指“逆风”，引申为“不利因素”。33.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthedual-trackprocess?A.Simultaneouslypreparingfortwocompetingexitroutes.B.Splittingtheteaunitintotwosub-brands.C.Listingsharesontwostockexchangesconcurrently.D.Sellinghalfthefactoriesandspinningofftherest.【答案】A【解析】dual-track指tradesale与IPO并行。34.Private-equityfirmshesitatedmainlybecauseof______.A.environmentallitigationinEastAfricaB.theperceivedvaluationgapC.Unilever’srefusaltograntdue-diligenceaccessD.EUplanstophaseoutsingle-useteabags【答案】B【解析】文中balkedattheUS$5billionvaluationmultiple即嫌贵。35.Unileverretainedaminoritystakemostlikelyto______.A.hedgeagainstfuturecommoditypricespikesB.maintainvetopoweroverfactoryclosuresC.keepskininthegameforpotentialupsideD.satisfyantitrustrequirementsinKenya【答案】C【解析】aligningincentivesforfuturebrandlicensing暗示分享未来增值。PassageTwoTheconceptof“servitization”referstomanufacturersevolvingfromsellingproductstoofferingintegratedsolutionsthatdeliverdesiredoutcomes.Rolls-Royce’s“Power-by-the-Hour”program,launchedin1962,isoftencitedasthearchetype:airlinespayafixedfeeperflyinghour,whileRolls-Royceretainsownershipofenginesandbearsmaintenancerisk.Themodelhassincepermeatedindustriesrangingfromelevatorstophotocopiers.RecentresearchbytheCambridgeServiceAllianceidentifiesthreematuritystages.Stageoneaddsbasicservicessuchasspare-partpackages;stagetwointroducesavailability-basedcontracts;stagethreeembedsdata-drivenoptimization,effectivelyturningthesupplierintoastrategicpartner.Progression,however,isnon-linear.Asurveyof247GermanMittelstandcompaniesfoundthat42%regressedtolowerstagesafterfailingtocaptureadequatevalue.Commonpitfallsincludeunder-pricingrisk,underestimatingdata-securityconcerns,andover-customizingofferingsthaterodescalability.Digitaltwins—virtualreplicasofphysicalassets—nowactascatalystsforstage-threeservitization.Bysimulatingwearandtearinrealtime,supplierscanshiftfromscheduledtopredictivemaintenance,cuttingdowntimebyupto30%.Yetthesametechnologyraisescontractualquestions:whoownsthedatageneratedbythetwin,andwhathappensifthealgorithmerrs,causingcostlyoutages?Lawyerswarnthatexistingindemnityclausesdraftedforhardwarefailuresmaynotcoveralgorithmicnegligence.36.ThePower-by-the-Hourprogramissignificantbecauseit______.A.inventedthejetengineB.shiftedriskbacktocustomersC.createdthefirstusage-basedpricingmodelD.eliminatedtheneedforaircraftmaintenance【答案】C【解析】首段指出payperflyinghour，即按使用付费。37.Accordingtothetext,progressionthroughservitizationstagesis______.A.automaticoncedigitaltwinsareadoptedB.oftenreversedowingtovalue-capturefailuresC.linearandirreversibleD.determinedsolelybyfirmsize【答案】B【解析】第二段42%regressed说明可倒退。38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapitfall?A.Overlookingculturaldifferencesamongmarkets.B.Chargingtoolittleforbundledrisk.C.Excessivecustomization.D.Data-securityanxiety.【答案】A【解析】文中未提文化差异。39.Digitaltwinshelpsuppliersmainlyby______.A.reducingaircraftweightB.enablingpredictivemaintenanceC.increasingenginethrustD.bypassingregulatoryaudits【答案】B【解析】第三段cuttingdowntimeviapredictivemaintenance。40.Theauthorimpliesthatalgorithmicerrorsindigitaltwinsmay______.A.invalidatetraditionalinsurancepoliciesB.requirenewlegalframeworksC.improvecustomerloyaltyD.reducedemandforservitization【答案】B【解析】indemnityclausesmaynotcoveralgorithmicnegligence暗示需新条款。PassageThreeIn2021,theSouthKoreanconglomerateLGElectronicsexitedthesmartphonebusinessaftersixconsecutiveyearsoflossestotalingUS$4.5billion.Thedecisionshockedlocalsuppliers,sinceLGhadoncerankedastheworld’sthird-largesthandsetvendor.Internalpost-mortemsrevealedthreeinterlockingcauses:strategicdrift,hardware-centricmindset,andecosystemmyopia.First,LG’smobiledivisionoscillatedbetweenpremiumandbudgetsegments,launching26modelsin2019alone.Theshotgunapproachcannibalizeditsownflagship,theG-series,whileconfusingconsumers.Second,LGprideditselfondurablehardware—suchasthemodularLGG5—yetunderestimatedsoftwaresynergy.RivalslikeAppleandSamsunginvestedheavilyinseamlessOS-hardwareintegration,whereasLGtreatedAndroidasacommodity.Third,LGignoredcomplementaryecosystems.ItssmartappliancesdivisiondevelopedrefrigeratorswithtouchscreensthatworkedbetterwithSamsungphonesthanwithLG’sowndevices,epitomizingalackofcross-divisioncoordination.Theshutdownfolloweda“responsibleexit”protocol.LGpledgedthreeyearsofOSupdates,establishedaUS$800millionsupplier-relieffund,andrepurposedR&Dlabsinto6Gresearchcenters.Shareholderswelcomedthemove:LG’sstockjumped12%thenextday,wipingoutsixyearsofmobilelossesinmarket-capterms.Theepisodeunderscoresasoberinglesson:inplatformindustries,ecosystemcoherencetrumpscomponentexcellence.41.LG’ssmartphoneexitprimarilyillustrates______.A.therisksofover-diversificationwithinasingleproductlineB.thebenefitsofverticalintegrationC.theinevitabilityofChinesedominanceD.theadvantagesoffirst-moverstatus【答案】A【解析】26models导致cannibalization，即过度分散。42.Theword“myopia”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.foresightB.oversightC.short-sightednessD.hindsight【答案】C【解析】myopia即“近视”，引申为“缺乏远见”。43.LG’sappliancedivisioninadvertentlyfavored______.A.Apple’secosystemB.Samsung’secosystemC.Google’secosystemD.Xiaomi’secosystem【答案】B【解析】refrigeratorsworkedbetterwithSamsungphones。44.ThemarketreactiontoLG’sexitsuggeststhatinvestors______.A.hadunderestimatedLG’spatentportfolioB.believedthedivision’slosseswereirreversibleC.expectedanimmediateacquisitionbyGoogleD.fearedregulatorybacklashinKorea【答案】B【解析】stockjumped表明投资者认可止损。45.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostlikelyrecommendtoavoidLG’sfate?A.Pursueaggressivepricewars.B.LicenseproprietaryOStorivals.C.Buildcross-deviceecosystemcoherence.D.OutsourcehardwareproductiontoVietnam.【答案】C【解析】文章结尾ecosystemcoherencetrumpscomponentexcellence。PartIVTranslation(20points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoEnglishorChineseasrequired.46.将下文译为英文：在当前充满不确定性的商业环境中，企业韧性不再仅仅意味着抵御冲击，更关乎在危机中捕捉反向机会的能力。领导者必须构建一种“自适应文化”，鼓励团队在数据不完整的情况下快速实验，并将小失败视为获取不对称回报的必要成本。只有当试错成本被制度化地纳入预算，组织才能避免“分析瘫痪”，在竞争对手仍在观望时率先推出最小可行产品，从而占据市场心智。【参考译文】Intoday’suncertainty-ladenbusinessclimate,resiliencenolongermerelydenotesshockabsorption;itcentersontheabilitytospotinverseopportunitiesamidcrises.Leadersmustcultivatean“adaptiveculture”thatencouragesteamstoexperimentswiftlywhendataareincompleteandtotreatsmallfailuresasanecessarycostforcapturingasymmetricreturns.Onlywhenthecostoftrialanderrorisinstitutionallyembeddedinbudgetscanorganizationsavoid“analysisparalysis,”launchminimumviableproductswhilerivalsremainonthesidelines,andtherebyoccupythemarket’smindshare.47.将下文译为中文：Theriseofsyntheticdataisquietlyrewritingtherulesofcompetitiveintelligence.Bystatisticallymimickingrealcustomerdatasetswithoutexposingpersonallyidentifiableinformation,syntheticgeneratorsallowfirmstoshareinsightsacrossborderswithoutviolatingGDPR.Earlyadoptershavediscoveredanunexpectedupside:artificiallyaugmentedsamplesoftencorrecthistoricalbiasesembeddedinoriginaldata,leadingtoalgorithmsthatarebothmoreaccurateandmoreethical.Criticscaution,however,thatover-relianceonsimulatedrecordsmaylullmanagersintofalseconfidence,especiallywhenrarebutcriticaloutliersaresmoothedawaybygenerativemodels.【参考译文】合成数据的兴起正在悄然改写竞争情报的规则。通过在不暴露个人身份信息的前提下对真实客户数据集进行统计层面的模仿，合成数据生成器使企业能够在不违反《通用数据保护条例》的情况下跨境共享洞察。早期采用者发现了一个意想不到的收益：人工增强的样本往往能纠正原始数据中根深蒂固的历史偏差，从而使算法既更准确又更合乎伦理。然而，批评者警告称，过度依赖模拟记录可能让管理者陷入虚假自信，尤其是当那些罕见却关键的异常值被生