大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷476

大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试

卷476

一、长篇阅读(本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。)

Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?A)In

recentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomake

digitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfrom

librariesinAmericaandEurope-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleian

inOxford.Theexactmethoditusesisunclear;thecompanydocsnotallowoutsidersto

observetheprocess.B)WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteven

interestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdust

onforgottenshelvesfordecades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-

spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"organize(heworld'sinformation",soitwould

beoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.C)Thecompanylikes(opresentitself

ashavingloftyaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisfor

thegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:

"Bymakingitpossibletosearch(hemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehopeto

expandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."D)DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogle

Books,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilyaphilanthropic(慈善

的)exercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelps

improveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays,"Butwchaveneverbuilta

spreadsheel(电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsof(his,andIhaveneverhadto

justifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders."E)Itiseasy,talkingto

Clancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion.ButGoogle's

book-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecently

emerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodies

representingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroacterms,theseopponents

havelevelledtwosetsofcriticismsatGoogle.F)First,theyhavequestionedwhetherthe

primaryresponsibilityfbrdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofall

toacommercialcompany.InarecentessayintheNewYorkReviewofBooks,Robert

Darnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksarea

commonresource—thepossessionofusall—onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbe

giventhepowertocontrolthem.ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningof

booksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecomingmiredin(B自入)a

legalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakestheJamdyceandJarndycecasein

CharlesDickens'BleakHouselookstraightforward.G)Atitscentre,however,isone

simpleissue:(hatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmostbooks,towhichGoogle

hasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,is(hattheyareprotectedbycopyright.Copyright

lawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthedurationof

anauthor'slifeandforasubsiantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirsco

benefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,of

course,thatalmostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcentuiyarestillunder

copyright—andthelastcenturysawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturies

combined.Oftheroughly40millionbooksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32

millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27millionareoutofprint.H)OutsidetheUS,

Googlehasmadesureonlytcscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"public

domain"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecan

readforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch).But,within(heUS,thecompanyhasscanned

bothin-copyrightandou(-of-copyrigh(works.Initsdefence,Googlepointsoutthatit

displaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooks(hatareincopyright—arguingthatsuchdisplays

are"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesofthesebookswithout

firstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy.I)"The

keyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonce

authorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBlofeld,oftheSheilLand

literaryagencyinLondon."Googlehasreversedthis—ithassimplycopiedallthese

workswithoutbotheringtoask."J)In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwith

agroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit(集团诉讼)againstGoogle(hat,

aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthat

Googleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsetllemsnt.Thefulldetailsare

complicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages—andtryingtosummarizeitisnoeasy

task."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBlofeld,oneofthe

settlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.K)Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismfor

Googletocompensateauthorsandpublisherswhoserightsithasbreached(including

givingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).Inexchangefor

this,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.ThesettlementhandsGooglethe

power-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders—toexploititsdatabase

ofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssoldtolibrariesorsell

(hemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicense.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatare

proving(heseulement'smostcontroversialaspect.L)Criticspointoutthat,bygiving

Googletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettiementpavesthewayfora

subtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."Google's

businessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingon

thebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann.associate

professoratNewYorkLawSchoo).Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,

Googlecouldbecomeasignificantforceinbookselling.M)Interestinthisaspectofthe

settlementhasfocusedon"orphan"works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder—

thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned.Underthe

settlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,

commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto

20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsell

themtoindividualbuyersundertheconsumerlicense.N)Itisbynomeanscertainthat

thesettlementwillbeenacted(执彳亍)——itisthesubjectofafairnesshearingintheUS

courts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfarascopyright

violationsintheUSarcconcerned.Manypeoplearcseriouslyconcernedbythis—and

thecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.O)Noone

knows（hepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintelleciualpropertyiihasgainedby

scanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,ailAmericansciencewriter

andmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'teven

knowitself.Butwhatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceinto

digitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificantimpactonthehookworldintheyearstocome.

1、Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignoredthecopyrightofthebooksit

scanned.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：该句意为“因谷歌公司忽视了它扫描过的图书的版权问题，它陷入了

一场法律纠纷。”这是G段第一句Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue：that

ofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmostbooks,towhichGooglehasarguably

paidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedbycopyright.（然而，’七的核心'在

于一个简单的问题：就是版权问题。大部分图书的不方便之处就在于它们受版权保

护，而对于这一点，谷歌公司并没有给予足够关注。）的同义转述。因此，正确答

案是G。

2^Thecommercialprovisionofthesettlementremainedcontroversialaftertheclass

actionsuitended.

标准答案：K

知识点解析:根据句中Thecommercialprovisionofthesettlementremained

controversial可定位至K段：该句与K段最后一句Itisthesecommercialprovisions

thatareprovingthesettlemenfsmostcontroversialaspect.（正是这些商业条目成为这

项协议中最受争议的部分。）意思相近。因此，正确答案是K。

3、WhileprovidinginformationforfreeGooglemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.

标准答案：L一一'

知识点解析：该句意为“尽管谷歌免费提供信息，但它通过销售广告赚钱”，这与L

段“Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationfbrfree,andsell

advertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"（谷歌的'也务模式一直是免费提

供信息，然后利用它产生的流量来卖广告）意思相同。因此，正确答案是L。

4、Googleclaimsitsplanfor（heworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryistoservetheinterestof

（hegeneralpublic.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此句意为“谷歌计划筹建世界最大的在线图书馆是为公众谋福利''这是

B段Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.（该公司宣称它的

主要动机在于激励大众。）的同义转述。因此，正确答案是瓦

5、Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendouslychangetheworld'sbook

marketinthefuture.

标准答案：O

知识点解析：根据句中Google'sentranceintodigitalbookselling可定位至文章最后

一段,该句与O段最后一句Butwhatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,

Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificantimpactonthebook

worldin（heyearslocome.（不过有一点可以肯定，谷歌进入数李图书销售市场会以

某种方式对未来的图书世界产生巨大影响。）意思相同。因此，正确答案是0。

6、TheclassactionsuitagainstGooglewassettledaftermorethantwoyearsof

negotiations.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：该句意为“经过为期两个月的谈判，对谷歌口勺集团诉讼终于达成了协

议。”这与J段第一句In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroup

ofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit（集团诉讼）againstGooglethat»after

morethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthat

Googleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.（2005年，美国作家

协会和美国出版商向谷歌发起了集团诉讼，经过两年多的谈判，去年10月，谷歌

和原告达成了庭外调解。）意思相近。因此，正确答案是J。

7^AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google*sbook-scanningprojectwillbroaden

humanity,sintellectualhorizons.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据句中SantiagodelaMora可定位至C段，该句意为“据圣地亚哥-

德拉穆拉所说，谷歌图书将会拓展人类的知识范围。''这与C段AsSantiagodela

Mora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit：uBymakingitpossibletosearchthe

millionsofbooksthatexisttcday,wehopetoexpandthefrontiersofhuman

knowledge.”（谷歌图书欧洲主席圣地亚哥-德拉穆拉说：“通过实现对当今世界上存

在的数以百万计书的搜索，我们希望拓展人类的知识范围。”）意思相同。因此，正

确答案是Co

8、Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrighlbooksbysayingthattheonlinedisplayof

in-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse.

标准答案：H

知识点解析:根据句中Googledefends和theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksis

notforcommercialuse可定位至H段，该句是H段Initsdefence,Googlepointsout

（hatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright—arguingthatsuch

displaysarLfairuse”.（对此，谷歌的法律辩护指出，他们只展示了受版权保护的图

书中一小部分内容—认为这种展示是“合理引用）的同义转述。因此，正确答

案是Ho

9、OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshould

becontrolledbynon-profitorganizations.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：该句意为“谷歌图书的反对者认为制作全世界电子图书存档的任务应

当由非营利性机构承担“，这是F段首句First,theyhavequest沁nedwhetherthe

primaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld,shooksshouldheallowedtofall

ioacommercialcompany.(首先，他1们质疑，制作全世界电子图书的任务是否该交

给一个商业公司。)的同义转述。因此，正确答案是F。

10、Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarcnotknownarccalledorphanworks.

标准答案：M

知识点解析：根据orphanxvorks可定位至M段，该句意为“没有已知版权的所有者

的作品被称为孤儿作品“，该句与M段第一句Interestinthisaspectofthesettlement

hasfocusedon"orphan“works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder…(在协议的

这一部分中，利益集中在了“孤儿”作品上，即没有已知版权所有者的作品……)意

思相同。因此，正确答案是M。

InternetofThingsEraIsComingA)Frommeatthermometersmonitoredwithasmart

phone(oWi-Fi-equippeddogcollars,devicesandservicesinhomesandbusinessesare

increasinglybeingconnectedtotheInternet,along-awaitedtrendthatiscausingasurge

ofoptimisminthetechsector.B)Largeandsmallcompaniesarechurningoutanumber

ofInternet-connectedgadgets,acentralthemeastheConsumerElectronicsShowopens

thisweekinLasVegas.Devicesonthemarketorthedrawingboardincludesmartdoor

locks,toothbrushes,wristwatches,fitnesstrackers,smokedetectors,surveillance

cameras,ovens,toysandrobots.C)Butthemuch-ballyhooedInternetofThingsstillis

largelyacollectionofpossibilities.Salesofthenew-waveproductsarcthreatenedbya

numberofstumblingblocksthatcouldslowinvestment—fromconflictingwireless-

communicationsstandardstodebatesabouthowmuchprocessingpowershouldbebuilt

intogadgets.D)Somcindustryexecutivessayprivacyconcernsmaybeevenmore

serious,withoutaconsensusonhowtoexploitallthedatathatcouldbegeneratedbya

floodofnewsensorsandInternet-connectedvideocameras."Bigdataisworthabsolutely

nothingwithoutbigjudgment",saysJosephBradley,directorofwhatCiscoSystemsInc.

callsits"InternetofEverything"consultingpractice.Nonetheless,heavyweightslike

GeneralElectricCo.,IntelCorp,andQualcommInc.arejockeyingforposition."I've

neverseenourinduslrygoasfastasitis,orcreateasmuchvalue,"saysMarcBenioff,

chiefexecutiveofSInc."ICsaverymagicaltime."E)Ciscoestimatesthat

thenumberofdevicesconnectedtotheInternetwillswellfromabout10billiontodayto

50billionby2020,aswirelesslinksspreadbeyondsmartphonesandPCstomanyother

kindsofdevices.TheSiliconValleygiant'schiefexecutive,JohnChambers,isexpected

todiscusstheopportunitiesTuesdayinakeynotespeechatCES.F)GartncrInc.putsthe

numberofconnecteddevicesatfewerthan30billion,butseesS309billioninadditional

revenueforproductandservicesuppliersby2020and$1.9trillionintotaleconomic

impactfromcostsavings,improvedproductivityandotherfactors.G)Thevisionofa

worldofsmartgadgetsemergedevenbeforetheWeb.A.C."Mike"Markkula,aco-

fbunderofAppleComputerInc.,hadabrainstorminthemid-1980saboutcombining

functionsfornetworkingandcontrollingdevicesonasinglechip.Those"neurons",as

(heycametobecalled,wereexpectedtospreadwidelyoncetheircostfelltoaround$1.

Buithecompanyhefounded.EchelonCorp.,didn'thitthattargetandhashadabumpy

history."Ikeepkickingmyself,"hesays,"Iwas20yearstoosoon."H)Chipmakersdid

steadilypushdownthecostofaddingintelligencetoeverydaygadgets,oftentolessthan

$5,Anotherdriverhasbeentheonslaughtofsmartphonesandtablets,whichcanserveas

handyWeb-connectedremotecontrolsfordevicesinthehomaandworkplace.Potential

benefitsrangefromfairlyprosaic(oprofound.Consumers,forexample,cannowuse

smartphonestoremotelycheckiftheylockeddoors,leftthelightsonorturneddownthe

thermostat.Retailerscanhelpsmartphoneusersfindgoodsonstoreshelves,and

wirelesslypitchsalespromotions.Parkingmeterscancommunicatewithsmartphone

users.I)CompanieslikeSilverSpringNetworksInc.sellwirelessmeterstomanage

energyusage,whileGEexploitsdatageneratedbysensorstomonitorthehealthofjet

enginesandgasturbines.Theopportunitieshaveattractedanumberofstartups,someof

whichhavemanagedtoraisesubstantialfundingfromventurecapitalists.Thebest-

knownisNestLabsInc.,amakerofWi-Fi-equippedthermosialsandsmokedetectorsled

byformerAppleInc.executiveTonyFadell.AnotherexampleisAugust,whichis

developingsmartdoorlocksandhasraisedS10milliontodal;J)Othersareleaning

heavilyoncrowdfundingsiteslikeKickstarterandIndiegogo,asinvestorsworryabout

(hepotentialcostsofhatchinghardwarestartups—andthelikelihoodthatentrenched

companieswilladapttheirexistingproductstodominateInternet-of-Things

opportunities."Thebodycountisquitehighofstartupsthathavemadehardware,"says

JasonJohnson,August'sCEOandfounderoftheInternetofThingsConsortium.K)For

thosereasons,somestartupsaredevelopingnewservicestohdpmanageconnected

devices,whileexistingcompaniesaremodifyingbusinessmodelstoexploitthedata

likelytoflowfromthem.Insurancecompanies,forexample,canrespondtosensorsand

wirelessconnectionsincarstochargedriversbythemileandspeedtheydrive,insteadof

bywheretheylive."Thevalueofthedeviceswillbesecondarytotheservicesthey

enable,'1saysThomasLee,aStanfordUniversityprofessorofelectricalengineeringand

co-founderofAylaNetworksInc.,anonlineservicehopingtohelpturnordinary

productsintocloud-connec(eddevices.L)Sofar,however,smart-homeproductsseem

mainlytobeattractingtechnologyenthusiasts.Only1%to2%ofAmericanconsumers

surveyedbyForresterResearchinmid-2013wereusingfivewidelytoutedhome­

automationofferings.Some28%ofrespondentssaidtheywereinterestedincontrolling

applianceswithasmartphone,but53%weren't.Otherhurdlesfacecompaniestackling

theInternetofThings,includingafragmentedassortmentofwirelesscommunications

technologies.Inhomeautomation,forexample,devicemakersfaceoptionsthatinclude

Insteon,Wi-Fi,Bluetooth,Zigby,Z-Waveandearlierproprietarytechnologies.

notthatthingsaren'tgettingconnected-theyaregettingconnectedbadly,"saysRob

Chandhok,presidentofQualcomm'sinteractiveplatformsunit.Qualcommistryingto

rallyhardwaremakersarouncatechnologycalledAllJoyntohelpdevicesdiscovereach

otherandcollaborate.Meanwhile,startupstryingtoselltheirowncontroldevicesare

goingthroughcontortions;RcvolvInc.,forexample,ismarketingahubthatcan

communicateusingsevendifferentradiotechnologies.N)MikeSoucie,Revolv1sco-

founderandmarketinghead,saysagreementsonkeycommunicationstechnologiesmay

befiveto10yearsaway.Anystandardsthatdoemergearelikelytoapplytoasingle

market—likehomesecurityortransportation—ratherthantomanyindustries,predicts

GiladMeiri,chiefexecutiveofNeuraInc.,astartupdevelopingtechnologytohelp

orchestrateconnecteddevices.O)Assumingdevicescancommunicate,manufacturers

needconventionsfbrtellingthemwhattodoandhowtoworktogether.Meanwhile,other

basicquestionsremain—likejusthowmuchintelligenceshouldeverydaydeviceshave?

CompanieslikeIntelandARMHoldingsPLC,whichlicensetechnologytochipmakers,

stressthebenefitsbroughtbyprocessorsthatcanrunsophisticatedsoftwareandprotocols

(hatallowthem(oconnectdirectlytotheInternet.P)Butothersbelievesuchcomplex

technologycanreducethereliabilityofhomeappliancesandotherdevices,whileraising

theoddsofbugsorsecurityholesthatcouldbeexploitedbyattackers.Theyprefer

simplerchipscalledmicrocontrollers,whicharchardertoreprogramtodounintended

things."Iwantmyrefrigeratortobeathing;Idon'twantittobeacomputer,"saysShane

Dyer,chiefexecutiveofArrayentInc.,astartupmarketingaWeb-basedserviceto

managemicrocontroller-powereddevices.Q)Moreover,thedatageneratedbyconnected

devicescouldbeusedinwaysconsumersdon'tlikeandcreateliabilitiesfbrcompanies.

ChrisBruce,chiefexecutiveofSproutling—astartupdevelopingasmartphone-

connectedbabymonitor-wondersifservicesthatstoredatafromconnecteddevices

mightgetsubpoenasifsomethingbadhappens.Thereareatleastasmanyquestions

aboutthefastgrowingfloodofdatafromInternetconnectedsecuritycameras.R)nItis

morethanalittlecreepy,"saysDavidAlanGrier,anassociateprofessorofscienceand

technologypolicyatGeorgeWashingtonUniversityand2013presidentoftheIEEE

ComputerSociety."Thereisgoingtohavetobesomeclearthinkingandsomeclear

understandingofwhatisgoingon."

11>NestLabsInc.hasproducedWi-Fi-equippedthermostatsandsmokedetectors.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：题干意为NestLabsInc.公司生产了配备Wi-Fi的恒温器和烟雾探测

器。根据题干中的“Wi—Fi一equippedthermostatsandsmokedetectors”可定位至【段

“Thcbest—knownisNestLabsInc..amakerofWi-Fi-equippedthermostatsand

smokedeteclorsledbyformerAppleInc.题干是对该句的部分提取.因此出自I

段。

12、AccordingtoCisco,withtheexploitationofwirelesslinks,theamountofInternet-

connecteddeviceswillincrease40billionby2020.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：题干意为思科公司估计，随着无线连接的开发.到2020年.连接互

联网的设备数量会增加400to根据题干中的“Cisco”和"wirelesslinks”可定位至E

段首句"CiscoestimatesthatthenumberofdevicesconncctcctotheInternetwillswell

fromabout10billiontodayto50billionby2020,aswirelesslinksspreadbeyond

smartphonesandPCstomanyotherkindsofdevices.”.题干是对该句的同义改写，

因此出自E段。

13、Inordertomakeuseofdiedatageneratedfromconnecteddevices,companiesbegin

torevisebusinessmodels.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：题干意为为了利用连接设备所产生的数据，各大公司开始修正业务模

式。根据题干中的“businessmodels”可定位至K段首句”...whileexistingcompanies

aremodityingbusinessmodelstoexploitthedatalikelytoflowfromthem.”，题干是

对该句的同义转述，因此出自K段。

14^SomeonepreferssimplerchipscalledmicrocontrollerstotheInternetofthings

technology.

标准答案：P

知识点解析：题干意为与物联网技术相比，有人更青睐名为微控制器的较小芯片。

根据题干中的“microconlrollers”可定位至P段前两句"Butothersbelievesuch

complextechnologycanreducethereliabilityofhomeappliancesandotherdevices,

whileraisingtheoddsofbugsorsecurityholesthatcouldbeexploitedby

attackers.Theyprefersimplerchloscalledmicrocontrollers,whichareharderto

reprogramtodounintendedthings.题干是对这两句的总结性陈述，因此出自P

段。

15、AlargeamountofInternet-