大学英语六级分类模拟题318

高校英语六级分类模拟题318

ReadingComprehension

Womenarehalfthepopulationbutonly15%ofboardmembersatbigAmericanfirms,and10%inEurope.

Companiesthatfishinonlyhalfofthetalentpoolwillloseouttothosethatcasttheirnetmorewidely.There

isalsoevidencethatmixedboardsmakebetterdecisions.

Mindfulofthis,Europeancountriesarepassinglawsthatwouldforcecompaniestopromotemorewomen

totheexecutivesuite.AnewFrenchlawrequireslistedfirmstoreserve40%ofboardseatsforwomenby

2017.NorwayandSpainhavesimilarlaws;Germanyisconsideringone.TheEuropeanParliamentdeclared

thismonththatsuchquotasshouldbeappliedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion.

Therearetwomainargumentsfbrcompulsoryquotas.Oneisthatthemenwhodominatecorporateboards

arehopelesslysexist:theypromotepeoplelikethemselvesandignoreanyfemaletalent.

Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors（导师）tohelpthemclimbthe

ladder.Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lestthe

relationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,who

canthenoffertheirsistersalegup.

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemain

obstacletowomen'scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycarefor

elderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfrom

full-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderfbr

womentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.

Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanone

country.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatinga

careerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,such

aslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewith

financialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.

Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarccompelledtoputon

boardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheir

boardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthan

merit.Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedto

boards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirms'performance.

1、Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?

A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.

B.Itscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.

C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.

D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.

2、Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?

A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.

B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomen'spotentialthreattotheirauthority.

C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.

D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.

3、Whatdocstheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen'scareers?

A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.

B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.

C.Theburdenoftakingcareof:heirfamily.

D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.

4、Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?

A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.

B.Theycanbringawoman'stalentintofullplay.

C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.

D.TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.

5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?

A.Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.

B.Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.

C.Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.

D.Itadverselyaffectsafirm'sperformance.

Internationalgovernments'inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbutthe

proactive（主动出击的）approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesarcencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,

DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By

2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofits

thatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%hy2015.Theyhave

investedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessof

theirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentaland

economicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,it

wasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated

$105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesave

money,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"

opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.Therearc

fartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcost

moneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckinthe"environmentiscost"mentality.Being

environmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthe

sametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mental

continuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gest

opportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%Reportrecently

publishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsin

theUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordelivering

thisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"—inotherwords,lean

andgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmful

emissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.

Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cullingglobalGDP

by1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.

6、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

A.Theyoperateinaccordancev/ithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.

7、WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.

8、Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.

9、Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.

B.Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C.Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D.Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.

10、Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

A.Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.

B.Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.

C.Theyhaveabandonedalltheout-datedequipmentandtechnology.

D.Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.

Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilityto

gatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions—thateverything

thatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilterout

emotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremark-ablethings-likeforetellthefuture.

Overthenextyear.I'mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeof（hequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:in

whatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignore

intuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsof

eventsarenot?

IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmindbelievingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesireto

reduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.

First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyevery

personwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluence（heiroddsof

winningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.

Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent（在任者的）campaign

spendingadvantageswiththeireventualmarginsofvictory.Therewasbarelyanyrelationshipbetweenmore

spendingandabiggervictory.

Likewise,manyteachershaveanintuitivesensethatdifferentstudentshavedifferentlearningstyles:some

arcverbalandsomearcvisual;somearclinear,somearcholistic（整体的）.Teachersimaginetheywill

improveoutcomesiftheytailortheirpresentationstoeachstudent.Butthere'snoevidencetosupportthis

either.

Second,datacanilluminatepatternsofbehaviorwehaven'tyetnoticed.Forexample,Tvealwaysassumed

peoplewhofrequentlyusewordslike"In,nme",and"mine"areprobablymoreself-centeredthanpeoplewho

don't.ButasJamesPennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasnotesinhisbook.TheSecretLifeofPronouns,

whenpeoplearefeelingconfident,theyarefocusedonthetaskathand,notonthemselves.High-status,

confidentpeopleusefewer"I"words,notmore.

Ourbrainsoftendon'tnoticesubtleverbalpatterns,butPennebaker'scomputerscan.Youngerwritersuse

morenegativeandpast-tensewordsthanolderwriterswhousemorepositiveandfuture-tensewords.

Insum,thedatarevolutionisgivinguswonderfulwaystounderstandthepresentandthepast.Willit

transformourabilitytopredictandmakedecisionsaboutthefuture?Wellsee.

11、Whatdodata-istsassumetheycando?

A.Transformpeople'sculturalidentity.

B.Changethewayfutureeventsunfold.

C.Getafirmgriponthemostimportantissues.

D.Eliminateemotionalandideologicalbias.

12、Whatdopeoplerunningforpoliticalofficethinktheycando?

A.Usedataanalysistopredicttheelectionresults.

B.Wintheelectioniftheycanraiseenoughfunds.

C.Manipulatepublicopinionwithfavorabledata.

D.Increasethechancesofwinningbyfoulmeans.

13、Whydomanyteachersfavortheideaoftailoringtheirpresentationstodifferentstudents?

A.Theythinkstudentspreferflexibleteachingmethods.

B.Theywillbeabletotrydifferentapproaches.

C.Theybelievestudents'learningstylesvary.

D.Theycanaccommodatestudentswithspecialneeds.

14、WhatdoesJamesPennebakerrevealinTheSecretLifeofPronouns?

A.Theimportanceofusingpronounsproperly.

B.Repeateduseoffirst-personpronounsbyself-centeredpeople.

C.Frequentuseofpronounsandfuturetensebyyoungpeople.

D.Apatterninconfidentpeople'suseofpronouns.

15、Whyistheauthorskepticalofthedatarevolution?

A.Datamaynotbeeasilyaccessible.

B.Errorsmayoccurwithlargedatasamples.

C.Datacannotalwaysdowhatweimagineitcan.

D.Somedatamayturnouttobeout-dated.

Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuous

kindofsocialupheaval（剧变）underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhuman

beingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,

morethanhalftheworld'spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,

theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedenselytocome—withanenormousimpacton

biodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.

AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthe

migrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggerto

accommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversity

hotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.

Humansarctheultimateinvasivespecies——whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendis-placcthe

wildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities-especiallyinthedense

tropicalforests-carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It'struethataspeopleindeveloping

nationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbe

goodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthe

countrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfanning.Buttherealdifferenceis

thatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreasein

income—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesa

riseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegrid

iscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.

Theurbanizationwavecan'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscorethe

importanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpactsonthe

environment."There'sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabout

howweurbanize/saysSeto."Theonethingthat'sclearisthatv/ecan'tbuildcitiesthewayv/ehaveoverthe

lastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurban

planetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.

16、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A.Theshakingbiodiversityworldwide.

B.Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C.Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D.Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.

17、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A.Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B.Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C.Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D.Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.

18、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A.Morelandwillbepreservedtbrwildlife.

B.Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

C.Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D.Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.

19、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?

A.Itincursahighenvironmenialprice.

B.Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.

C.Itcausesabigchangeinpeople'slifestyle.

D.Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.

20、WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?

A.Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.

B.Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.

C.Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.

D.Enhancingpeople'ssenseofresponsibility.

WhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunchedtheface-book,corninFeb.2004,evenhecouldnot

imaginetheforcesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.Face-book,whichiswhatthis

websiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.

Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound-aswere

previousgenerationsofhumans——bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityand

ambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedevery-thingyouknewfromyour

parents,teachers,preachersandfriends.

Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today'schildrenarerisingabovethefears

andbiasesoftheirparents.Adultsarealsoparticipatinginthisrevolution.India'snormallytamemiddleclass

isspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheir

boards.Polilicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses,Allofthisis

beingdonewithsocialmediatechnologiesthatFacebookanditscompetitorssetfree.

Asdoeseveryadvancingtechnology,socialmediahascreatedmanynewproblems.Itiscommonly

addictiveandcreatesrisksforyoungerusers.SocialmediaisusedbyextremistsintheMiddleEastand

elsewheretoseekandbrainwashrecruits.Anditexposesusandourfriendstodisagreeablespying,wemay

leaveourlightsoninthehousewhenweareonvacation,butthroughsocialmediawetellcriminalsexactly

whereweare,whenweplantoreturnhome,andhowtoblackmail（敲诈）us.

Governmentsdon'tneedinformersanymore.Socialmediaallowsgovernmentagenciestospyontheir

owncitizens.Werecordourthoughts,emotions,likesanddislikesonFacebook;weshareourpoliticalviews,

socialpreferences,andplans.Wepostintimatephotographsofourselves.Nospyagencyorcriminal

organizationcouldactivelygatherthetypeofdatathatwevoluntarilypostforthem.

Themarketersarealsoseeingbigopportunities.Amazonistryingtopredictwhatwewillorder.Googleis

tryingtojudgeourneedsandwantsbasedonoursocial-mediaprofiles.Weneedtobeawareoftherisksand

keepworkingtoalleviatethedangers.

Regardlessofwhatsocialmediapeopleuse-onethingiscertain:weareinaperiodofacceleratingchange.

Thenextdecadewillbeevenmoreamazingandunpredictablethanthelast.Justasnoonecouldpredictwhat

wouldhappenwithsocialmediainthelastdecade,noonecanaccuratelypredictwherethistechnologywill

takeus.Iamoptimistic,however,thataconnectedhumanitywillfindawaytoupliftitself.

21、WhatwasthepurposeofFacebookwhenitwasfirstcreated?

A.Tohelpstudentsconnectwiththeoutsideworld.

B.Tobringuniversitystudentsintoclosercontact.

C.Tohelpstudentslearntoliveinaconnectedera.

D.Tocombinetheworldintoanintegralwhole.

22、Whatdifferencedoessocialmediamaketolearning?

A.Localknowledgeandglobalknowledgewillmerge.

B.Studentswillbecomemorecuriousandambitious.

C.Peopleareabletolearnwherevertheytravel.

D.Sourcesofinformationaregreatlyexpanded.

23、Whatistheauthor'sgreatestconcernwithsocialmediatechnology?

A.Individualsandorganizationsmayuseitforevilpurposes.

B.Governmentwillfindithardtoprotectclassifiedinformation.

C.Peoplemaydisclosetheirfriends'informationunintentionally.

D.People'sattentionwillbeeasilydistractedfromtheirworkinhand.

24>Whatdobusinessesusesocialmediafor?

A.Creatingagoodcorporateimage.

B.Anticipatingtheneedsofcustomers.

C.Conductinglarge-scalemarketsurveys.

D.Minimizingpossiblerisksanddangers.

25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialmediaasawhole?

A.Itwillenablehumansocietytoadvanceatafasterpace.

B.IlwillposeagraveIhretilloouriradilioiicilwaysoflife.

C.Itisboundtobringaboutanotherinformationrevolution.

D.Itbreaksdownthefinalbarriersinhumancommunication.

答案:

ReadingComprehension

1、B

［解析］题目询问若执行董事会由男性主导会发生什么状况。第1段第2句表明，只运用半边人才库的

公司必定会输给(loseout)广泛运用人才的企'I匕第3句进一步巩固这种说法，男女混合的董事会所做

的决策更加英明。由此推断，男性主导执行董事会的公司的竞争力会相对弱一些。B项是同义表

述。

2、D

［解析］题目询问阻挡女性员工进入董事会的另一因素。第3段首句提到理由有两种，其一是性别卑视

(sexism),其二是第4段的内容，即男性主管不愿与年轻女性走得太近，生怕别人误会他们的关系。

这与D项“男性主管为了避开误会而不给她们供应指导”的表述一样。留意题干中的aparlfrom意为“除

了”。

3、C

［解析］题目询问作者认为阻挡女性职业生涯的真正绊脚石是什么。第5段一起先便说性别卑视不再是

女性职业生涯的主要绊脚石，孩子才是。第3、4句提到，大多数的女性诜择离职来照看孩子或长辈。

可见家庭才是女性职业生涯的最大负担，选C项。

4、A

［解析］题目询问很多女性选择律师或人力资源行业的缘由。第6段第4句提到，很多女性预料在将来

的某个时候会从工作中抽出身来(acareerbreak),因而选择技能不会快速过时的领域，比如律师或人

力资源。A项是这句话的同义表述，正确。

5、D

［解析］题目询问作者对定额制度的看法。作者在最终一段首先说这种做法太鲁莽(t。。blunt),最终一

句则明确指出，实行女性定额制度严峻损害了公司业绩。D项的adverselyaffects...performance与文章

中的seriouslydamaged...performance意思完全一样，为正确答案。

6、B

［解析］本题询问一些走在前沿的公司的状况。第1段第1句提到在对待可持续发展的问题上，各国政

府的行动并不主动(inaction),而处于前沿地位的公司却主动出击(proactive)；第2句则举例说明，指

出丰田、沃尔玛等公司将处理环境废弃物作为主要的经济驱动力。B项”它们主动处理环境废弃物”正

确。其中takeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes是原文tacklingenvironmentalwastes的同义替

换。

7、C

［解析］本题询问丰田和沃尔玛履行环境爱护的动机。第3段第2句干脆说明丰田和沃尔玛实行行动(即

committingtoenvironmentalgoals)的缘由是它们意识到环境和经济踪迹相辅相成。据此可以推断这两

大公司爱护环境的初衷是经济利益，因此C项“创建利润的欲望”是对原文的同义推断。

8、C

［解析］本题询问很多公司不愿创立环境友好业务体系的缘由。第5段第2句说到，仍有很多公司推迟

创立精益绿色的业务体系，并以分词短语(arguingthat...)说明其缘由：它们认为这种体系会费钱或者

须要大量的资金投入。题目中的reluctantto对应原文的delaying：而精益绿色的业务体系指的是环境

友好业务体系。C项“建立这样的系统太贵”是对原文所提及的缘由(itwillcostmoneyorrequire...)的同

义复述。

9、A

［解析］本题询问关于精益绿色业务模式的相关信息。第5段在讲解并描述那些不愿践行环保行动的公

司时，首次提及了leanandgreensystem；该段最终一句讲到，假如公司实行新的精益绿色模式进行

管理，它们事实上在产生利润的同时也能节约成本。A项“它帮助企业节约成本并且获益”是对第5段

最终一句的同义转述，且符合第6段首句对lean所作的定义“用更少的东西做更多的事情:

10、B

［解析］本题询问关于履行环保目标的公司，探讨发觉了什么。最终一段第1句提到那些履行诸如零废

弃等雄心目标的公司在经济上都赛过它们的对手(financiallyoutperformingtheircompetitors)oB项“它

们在收益上比对手好很多”是对该句的同义转述，其中domuchbetterthan与原文的outperforming的同

义，而counterparts是competitors的同义替换，revenues贝理艮financially相关。

11、D

［解析］本题询问数据主义者认为他们能做什么。第1段第1句，作者提到现在的流行哲学是数据主义,

接着第2、3句详细说明在能够收集到大量数据的时代，数据被给予某些文化假设。题弓中assume与

原文assumplions为同根词，答案可在破折号后面的内容中查找，其中提到的一种假设是数据能让我

们过滤掉情感主义(emotionalism)和意识形态(ideology),D项“消退感情上和意识形态上的偏见”是这

句话的同义转换，选项中Eliminate与原文filterout近义。

12^B

［解析］本题询问竞选政治职务的人认为他们能干什么。第4段第1句提到。当人们对现实的直觉推断

产生错误时，数据擅于揭露真相。第2句详细举例说明这一观点，该句提到竞选政治职务的人以为只

要募集并花更多的钱就能影响竞选的结果，B项中的raiseenoughfunds和原文raiseandspendmore

money意思相同。

13、C

［解析］本题询问为什么老师们赞司因材施教的观点。第6段第1、2句提到很多老师都意识到学生的学

习风格不同，因此他们认为假如能因材施教，很可能会取得好的学习结果。由此可以推断，老师赞

同该观点的缘由在于学生的学习风格不同，C项“他们认为学生的学习风格不同”是原文havedifferent

learningslyles的同义转述，C项中的vary与原文differenl同义。

14、D

［解析］本题询问詹姆士・彭尼贝克在《神奇的代词》一书中揭示了什么。第7段第3句提到，他在书中

指出人们自信时更关注眼前的任务而不是他们自己；第4句进一步提到，地位高、自信的人更少运用

第一人称代词。D项“自信之人运用代词的模式”与该段第3、4句吻合。故选D项。

15、C

［解析］本题询问作者