2026年研究生英语入学考试阅读理解与翻译技巧题库

2026年研究生英语入学考试阅读理解与翻译技巧题库一、阅读理解（共5题，每题2分，计10分）题目1（细节题，2分）：阅读以下段落，回答问题："China'srapideconomicgrowthoverthepastthreedecadeshastransformedthenationintotheworld'ssecond-largesteconomy.However,thisprogresshasbeenaccompaniedbysignificantenvironmentalchallenges,includingairandwaterpollution.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasimplementedstricterenvironmentalregulationstomitigatetheseissues.Forinstance,the'AirPollutionPreventionActionPlan'introducedin2013hasledtoameasurablereductioninsmoginmajorcitieslikeBeijingandShanghai.Despitetheseefforts,sustainabledevelopmentremainsacomplextask,requiringlong-termcommitmentandinternationalcooperation."问题：Accordingtothepassage,whatmeasureshasChinatakentoaddressenvironmentalproblems?A.Increasingindustrialproductiontoboosttheeconomy.B.Enforcingstricterenvironmentalregulations.C.Relianceonforeigntechnologyforpollutioncontrol.D.Ignoringairandwaterpollutiontoprioritizegrowth.答案：B解析：ThepassageexplicitlymentionstheChinesegovernment'simplementationof"stricterenvironmentalregulations"totacklepollution,aligningwithoptionB.Otheroptionsarecontradictedornotsupportedbythetext.题目2（主旨题，2分）：Readthefollowingexcerptandanswerthequestion:"Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasrevolutionizedvariousindustries,fromhealthcaretofinance.WhileAIoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasimprovedefficiencyanddataanalysis,italsoraisesethicalconcerns.Forexample,jobdisplacementduetoautomationandbiasesinAIalgorithmsarecriticalissuesthatneedaddressing.PolicymakersandbusinessesmustcollaboratetoensureAIdevelopmentalignswithsocietalvaluesandminimizesnegativeimpacts."问题：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AIhasnonegativeeffectsandisbeneficialeverywhere.B.AIisathreattohumanityduetoitspotentialrisks.C.AI'sgrowthrequirescarefulmanagementtobalancebenefitsandethicalchallenges.D.AIisonlyusefulinthehealthcaresector.答案：C解析：ThepassagehighlightsboththeadvantagesandrisksofAI,emphasizingtheneedforresponsibledevelopment,whichalignswithoptionC.题目3（推理题，2分）：Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestion:"Inrecentdecades,renewableenergyhasgainedtractiongloballyasasustainablealternativetofossilfuels.Solarandwindpower,inparticular,haveseensignificantadvancementsinefficiencyandcost-effectiveness.However,thetransitiontorenewableenergyisnotwithoutobstacles.Issuessuchasintermittency,storagecapacity,andinfrastructurelimitationsremainchallenges.Governmentsandprivatesectorsmustinvestinresearchandinfrastructuretoovercomethesehurdlesandacceleratetheshifttowardcleanerenergysolutions."问题：Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrenewableenergy?A.Itisfullymatureandreadyforuniversaladoption.B.Itfacesmajortechnicalandeconomicchallenges.C.Itisonlyviableinwealthynations.D.Itwillreplacefossilfuelscompletelyby2030.答案：B解析：Thepassagementions"obstacles"suchasintermittencyandinfrastructurelimitations,suggestingthatrenewableenergyisstillevolving,makingoptionBthecorrectinference.题目4（词汇题，2分）：Readthefollowingsentenceandchoosethebestwordtofillintheblank:"Thenewpolicyaimsto______economicinequalitybyprovidingsubsidiestolow-incomefamilies."A.ExacerbateB.MitigateC.IgnoreD.Encourage答案：B解析："Mitigate"meanstoreduceorlessen,whichfitsthecontextofaddressingeconomicinequality."Exacerbate"(worsen)and"ignore"(neglect)areoppositeinmeaning,while"encourage"(support)doesnotconveytheintendedaction.题目5（态度题，2分）：Readthefollowingreviewandanswerthequestion:"Thisdocumentaryoffersacriticalexaminationofmodernsocialmedia'simpactonmentalhealth.Whileacknowledgingitsbenefits,thefilmmakerhighlightsthedangersofaddiction,comparisonculture,andprivacyconcerns.Thetoneisinformativeyetcautious,urgingviewerstoreflectontheirdigitalhabits.Overall,itisathought-provokingandwell-researchedpiece."问题：Whatisthereviewer'sattitudetowardsocialmedia?A.Entirelypositive.B.Entirelynegative.C.Cautiousandcritical.D.Indifferent.答案：C解析：Therevieweracknowledgesbenefitsbutemphasizesrisks,usingwordslike"dangers"and"cautious,"indicatingabalancedyetcriticalperspective.二、翻译（共2题，每题5分，计10分）题目6（中译英，5分）："近年来，中国政府大力推进科技创新，旨在提升国家综合竞争力。通过加大研发投入和培养高层次人才，中国在人工智能、5G通信等领域取得了显著突破。"要求：TranslatethepassageintoEnglish.答案："Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasvigorouslypromotedtechnologicalinnovation,aimingtoenhancethenation'soverallcompetitiveness.ByincreasingR&Dinvestmentandcultivatinghigh-leveltalent,Chinahasmaderemarkablebreakthroughsinfieldssuchasartificialintelligenceand5Gcommunication."解析：ThetranslationmaintainstheoriginalmeaningwhileusingnaturalEnglishphrasing.Keytermslike"科技创新"(technologicalinnovation),"综合竞争力"(overallcompetitiveness),and"5G通信"(5Gcommunication)areaccuratelyrendered.题目7（英译中，5分）："Theincreasingrelianceondigitalplatformshasreshapedconsumerbehavior,creatingbothopportunitiesandchallengesforbusinesses.Ononehand,onlineshoppingandsocialmediamarketinghaveexpandedmarketreach.Ontheotherhand,dataprivacyconcernsandtheriseofcounterfeitproductsposesignificantrisks.Companiesmustadapttothesechangestoremaincompetitiveinthedigitalage."要求：TranslatethepassageintoChinese.答案："对数字平台的日益依赖正在重塑消费者行为，为企业带来了机遇与挑战。一方面，在线购物和社交媒