第04讲 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练(选择性必修三) -（寒假预习讲义）解析版

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页第04讲Unit4AdversityandCourage重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练(选择性必修三)一、精讲X3U4重点单词+词组一、词汇清单知识点1adversityn.逆境；不幸；苦难教材原句Facingadversitywithcouragebuildscharacterandresilience.以勇气面对逆境能塑造品格和韧性。[拓展](1)intimesofadversity在逆境中(2)overcomeadversity克服逆境[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Sheshowedremarkablestrengthinthefaceof__________(adverse).②Theymanagedto__________(overcome)allthehardshipsandsucceeded.答案：①adversity②overcome知识点2couragen.勇气；胆量教材原句Ittakesgreatcouragetostandupforwhatisright.捍卫正义需要巨大的勇气。[拓展](1)courageousadj.勇敢的(2)summonup/gathercourage鼓起勇气(3)moralcourage道德勇气[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Heacted__________(courage)insavingthechildfromthefire.②She__________couragetospeakinfrontofthelargeaudience.（在观众面前鼓起勇气讲话）答案：①courageously②summonedup/gathered知识点3perseverancen.毅力；坚持不懈教材原句Successisoftentheresultofhardworkandperseverance.成功常常是努力和坚持不懈的结果。[拓展](1)perseverev.坚持；不屈不挠(2)withperseverance坚持不懈地[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Despitemanyfailures,he__________(perseverance)inhisresearch.②__________(persevere)isakeyqualityforachievinglong-termgoals.答案：①persevered②Perseverance知识点4resiliencen.恢复力；适应力；韧性教材原句Theresilienceofthehumanspiritcanovercomegreatdifficulties.人类精神的韧性可以克服巨大的困难。[拓展](1)resilientadj.有适应力的；有弹性的(2)showresilience展现出韧性[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Childrenareoftensurprisingly__________(resilience)indealingwithchange.②Her__________(resilient)helpedherrecoverquicklyfromthesetback.答案：①resilient②resilience知识点5hardshipn.困苦；艰难教材原句Manypioneersenduredgreathardshipwhilesettlinginnewlands.许多拓荒者在定居新土地时忍受了巨大的艰难困苦。[拓展](1)economichardship经济困难(2)sufferhardship遭受困苦[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Thefamilywentthroughconsiderable__________(hardship)duringthewar.②They__________hardshipbutneverlosthope.（suffer）答案：①hardship②suffered知识点6determinationn.决心；决定教材原句Withfiercedetermination,shecompletedthechallengingtask.凭着强烈的决心，她完成了这项具有挑战性的任务。[拓展](1)determinev.决定；决心(2)determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的(3)asenseofdetermination决心[经典练习]单句语法填空：①Hewas__________(determination)toprovehisinnocence.②Her__________(determine)tosucceedinspiredeveryonearoundher.答案：①determined②determination知识点7overcomev.克服；战胜教材原句Wemustovercomeourfearstoachievepersonalgrowth.我们必须克服恐惧才能实现个人成长。[拓展](1)overcomedifficulties/obstacles克服困难/障碍(2)beovercomewithemotion情绪失控[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Shemanagedto__________(overcome)hershynessanddeliveranexcellentspeech.②__________(overcome)bygrief,hecouldhardlyspeak.答案：①overcome②Overcome知识点8endurancen.忍耐力；持久力教材原句Themarathontestsbothphysicalandmentalendurance.马拉松考验身体和精神两方面的耐力。[拓展](1)endurev.忍受；忍耐(2)beyondendurance无法忍受(3)endurancetest耐力测试[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Thesoldiersshowedincredible__________(endure)duringthelongmarch.②Hecouldnolonger__________(endurance)theconstantpain.答案：①endurance②endure知识点9triumphn.胜利；成功v.战胜教材原句Theteam’striumphagainstalloddswastrulyinspiring.这支队伍克服万难取得的胜利真正鼓舞人心。[拓展](1)triumphantadj.胜利的；成功的(2)triumphover战胜[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Intheend,goodwill__________(triumph)overevil.②Theycelebratedtheir__________(triumph)victorywithgreatjoy.答案：①triumph②triumphant知识点10setbackn.挫折；阻碍教材原句Weshouldvieweachsetbackasanopportunitytolearnandgrow.我们应该把每次挫折视为学习和成长的机会。[拓展](1)suffer/experienceasetback遭受/经历挫折(2)temporarysetback暂时的挫折[牛刀小试]单句语法填空：①Theprojectsufferedamajor__________(setback)whenfundingwascut.②Despiteseveral__________(setback),theycontinuedwiththeirplan.答案：①setback②setbacks二、短语清单faceupto勇敢面对giveup放弃keepgoing坚持下去standfirm坚定不移inthefaceof面对；在……面前pullthrough渡过难关；恢复健康holdonto坚持；不放弃breakthrough突破；克服riseabove超越；克服neversaydie永不放弃[牛刀小试]用所给短语的适当形式填空1.Wemust__________ourfearsandconfrontthechallengesahead.(faceupto)答案：faceupto解析：句意“我们必须勇敢面对恐惧，迎接前方的挑战。”“faceupto”意为“勇敢面对”，情态动词must后接动词原形。2.Despitethecriticism,she__________andcontinuedtoexpressheropinions.(standfirm)答案：stoodfirm解析：句意“尽管受到批评，她依然坚定不移，继续表达自己的观点。”“standfirm”意为“坚定不移”，根据句意和结构，此处需用过去时态。3.Withpropertreatment,mostpatients__________theillness.(pullthrough)答案：pullthrough解析：句意“通过适当的治疗，大多数患者都能从疾病中恢复。”“pullthrough”意为“渡过难关；恢复健康”，情态动词can后省略，但此处为一般事实陈述，用动词原形。4.He__________hisdreamofbecomingadoctordespitefinancialdifficulties.(holdonto)答案：heldonto解析：句意“尽管经济困难，他仍然坚持自己成为医生的梦想。”“holdonto”意为“坚持；不放弃”，根据句意，此处需用过去时态。三、熟词生义spiritn.精神；灵魂（常见义）n.情绪；心情（常见义）n.勇气；意志（生义）[牛刀小试]用spirit的适当形式填空。1.Theteamshowedgreatfighting__________throughoutthecompetition.答案：spirit解析：句意“这支队伍在整个比赛中展现了极大的斗志。”此处“spirit”是其生义，特指“勇气；斗志”。2.Shewasinhigh__________afterreceivingthegoodnews.答案：spirits解析：句意“收到好消息后，她心情很好。”此处“spirits”是常见义，意为“情绪；心情”。willn.将；将会（常见义，表将来）n.意志；决心（常见义）n.遗嘱（生义）[牛刀小试]用will的适当形式填空。1.Herstrong__________tolivehelpedhersurvivetheterribleaccident.答案：will解析：句意“她强烈的求生意志帮助她在可怕的事故中幸存下来。”此处“will”是常见义，意为“意志；决心”。2.Theoldmanlefthisentireestatetocharityinhis__________.答案：will解析：句意“老人在遗嘱中将全部财产留给了慈善机构。”此处“will”是其生义，意为“遗嘱”。二、精讲X3U4重点句型：句型清单虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）：表示与过去事实相反的假设。Ifhehadgivenupthen,hewouldneverhaveachievedhisdream.倒装句（否定词开头）：以否定词或短语开头的句子需部分倒装。Neverbeforehadshefacedsuchadifficultchallenge.“It”作形式主语+形容词+that从句**：表达对某事的看法或评价。Itwascourageousthathespokeoutagainsttheinjustice.现在分词短语作状语：表示主语正在进行的另一动作或状态。Facingimmensepressure,sheremainedcalmandfocused.not...until...句型：表示“直到……才……”。Hedidnotrealizehisownstrengthuntilhefacedthisadversity.定语从句（who引导）：修饰表示人的先行词。Thosewhopersevereinthefaceofadversityoftenachievethegreatestsuccess.[牛刀小试]根据句型要求，用括号内所给提示完成句子。1.（虚拟语气）Ifyou__________meabouttheproblemearlier,Icouldhavehelpedyou.(tell)答案：hadtold解析：句意“如果你早点告诉我这个问题，我本可以帮你的。”表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句用haddone形式。2.（倒装句）__________haveIseensuchdeterminationinayoungperson.(seldom)答案：Seldom解析：句意“我很少在年轻人身上看到这样的决心。”否定词“Seldom”置于句首，句子需部分倒装，故将助动词have提前。3.（It作形式主语）__________importantthatweneverlosehopeduringdifficulttimes.(be)答案：Itis解析：句意“在困难时期永不失去希望是很重要的。”真正的主语是that从句，用“It”作形式主语放在句首。4.（现在分词短语作状语）__________thedifficultsituation,theydecidedtoworkevenharder.(face)答案：Facing解析：句意“面对困难局面，他们决定更加努力地工作。”现在分词短语“Facingthedifficultsituation”在句中作状语，表示时间或原因。5.（not...until...句型）She__________herowncourageuntilshestooduptothebully.(recognize)答案：didnotrecognize解析：句意“直到她勇敢地面对欺凌者，才认识到自己的勇气。”“not...until...”结构意为“直到……才……”。XB3U4词汇变形、短语和精练题：一.词汇拓展1._____adj.严寒的(=_______);味苦的(反:sweetadj.甜蜜/美的);痛苦的→________adv.苦涩/悲痛/强烈地→________n.苦味/难;怨恨_____adj.酸的2._______________adj.热情的;热心的(=__________)(______)→__________n.热心,热忱,热情(=_______)3.______vt.分派;布置;分配→__________n.分配;任务(=______=_______);作业(=__________)______n.工资;报偿_______n.薪水4._________vt.舍弃;抛弃(=________);放弃→__________adj.被抛/废弃的沉迷于做某事:________/______oneself_____________5._______vi/vt.决定/心;解决(=______)→________adj.下定决心的(=________),坚决的→_________n.决心/定,坚决,解决(=_______)6._____adj.残酷/忍的;冷酷的→______adv.残酷地→_______n.残酷;残忍音近词:_____n.全体人员____adj.粗鲁的;无礼的→_______n.粗鲁;无礼同样变法:____adj.忠诚的→______adv.忠诚地;诚实地→_________n.忠心形近词:_____adj.皇家的→______adv.庄严地→______n.王权;皇室7.__________n.家具(不可数)__________vt.提供;供应;装备→_________adj.配备有家具的____________adj.好脾气的,和蔼的8._____________adv.不幸地→__________adv.幸运地→__________adj.幸运的→__________n.幸运(=_____),命运(=____=______),财富(=_______)9.__________n.广告活动;广告业→__________v.公布;宣传;做广告→_______________n.公告10.________adj.公司/法人/社团的→_________n.公司(=____=_______)形近词:__________vi.合作→__________n.合作11.__________n.承诺;保证;奉献;犯罪→________vi.忠于(某个人,机构等);承诺___________________一心一意做…(双写__加____)12._____n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;领路→_________n.指/引导;领导在某人指导下:____________________在某人帮助下_________________13.________vi.坚忍,坚持→___________n.坚持不懈形近词:_______adj.严重的(=_______),恶劣的;严峻的;严厉的14.__________n.消遣;娱乐=___________=__________→__________adj.休养的,娱乐的15._____n./v.羡慕;嫉妒→________(=________)adj.嫉妒的(___)________adj.彻底/周密的_______prep.穿过;通过adv.从头至尾;彻底地16.v.下沉n.水池:sink-_____-_______________n.候选人_________n.插曲;(人生的)一段经历;片段;一集17._______n.痛苦,苦难→__________adj.悲惨的,不幸的(=___________),可怜的,令人痛苦的18.____n.自己,自我→________adj.自私的→_______adj.无私的_____v.压坏/碎;镇压_____n./v.碰撞;坠落_________________迷恋…19.______adj.粗糙的;不平的→_______adv.粗糙地;概略地,大约(=_____=__________)_____adj.坚韧的;严格的;困难的→_______adv.强硬地20.______vi.属于→__________n.归属感(___________________);所有物,附属物(以复数形式出现:__________)__________n.动产;财物21.__________adj.真实的(=_____),真诚的(=__________)→__________adv.真地;真正地(=__________)22.______n.活力,精力(=________)→__________adj.有活力的;精力充沛的(=__________)23.________adj.得体的,体面的;正派的;相当好的→________n.正派;体面___________上船;上飞机等交通工具__________去国外24._______v.忍耐;容忍→__________adj.持久的(=lasting),不朽的→__________n.忍耐力25.________adj.不利的;相反的;敌对的→__________n.逆境;厄运;窘境__________n.(进退两难的)窘境,困境26.________v.航海→__________n.领航员→__________n.航行;导航________n.侄女________n.侄子27.______n.动机,目的(=______=______)_______vt.使有动机;激发;激励(=_______=_______=_____)→__________n.动力/机→__________adj.积极/主动的review/revise:28.______vt.&vi.(为…)服务;任(职)→________n.服务;服役;仪式→________n.仆人,公/服务员__________为某人服务__________作为…29.__________n.宇宙→__________adj.全体的,广泛的,普遍的(=________adj.总体的,普遍的;一般的)30.________v.咨询,请教,商讨,查阅→________n.顾问(=________)_______adj.流行的;受欢迎的→_______n.流行;受欢迎(度)→_______v.普及31.__________n.许可;批准;许可证→______v.允许;准许;使有可能过去式、过去分词:__________32._______n.打算;意图;目的(=_______)→_______vt.计划;打算be_______/_________专为…而设计be______/____________旨在做某事二、汉译英1．[ˈnævɪɡeɪtə]n.领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者2．[ˈlɔɪəl]adj.忠诚的；忠实的3．[ˈməʊtə(r)]n.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的4．[ˈkændɪdət]n.候选人；应试者5．生火6．放出（热、光、气味或气体）7．[ˈepɪsəʊd]n.（人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲8．[kəˈmɪtmənt]n.承诺；保证；奉献9．[ˈməʊtɪv]n.动机；原因；目的10．[kənˈfjuːʃənɪzm]n.孔子学说；儒家（学说）11．[ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r)]vi.坚持；孜孜以求12．[rɪˈzɒlv]vi&vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念13．[ˌrezəˈluːʃn]n.决议；解决；坚定14．[kru:]n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人15．[ˈkruːəl]adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的16．[ˈθʌrə]adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的17．[ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)]n.家具18．[ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli]adv.不幸地；遗憾地19．[ˈfɔːtʃənətli]adv.幸运地20．[bɑːk]vi&n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声21．[ˈkʌbəd]n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜22．[əˈsaɪn]vt.分派；布置；分配23．[ˈstjuːəd]n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员24．[ˈenvi]n&vt.羡慕；妒忌25．[krʌʃ]vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群26．[sɪŋk]vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没27．[əˈbændən]vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃28．[stəʊv]n.炉具；厨房灶具29．[ˈblæŋkɪt]n.毯子30．[bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz]n.[pl.]财物；动产31．[ədˈvɜːsəti]n.困境；逆境32．[weɪdʒ]n.工资33．[ˈbɪtə(r)]adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的34．[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]n.探险；远征；探险队35．[ɪnˈdjʊərəns]n.忍耐力；耐久力36．[ˈvɪɡə(r)]n.精力；力量；活力37．拒绝（某人）38．[ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd]adj.符合资格；具备……的知识39．[ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk]adj.热情的；热心的40．[əˈbɔːd]

adv&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页三、重难短语精练1．

在……的年龄2．

拒绝(某人)3．

热衷于4．

出发5．

振作精神6．

每况愈下7．

成功8．

由……组成9．

使某人振作起来10．

处理；对付11．

生火12．

放出(热、光、气味或气体)指定/安排某人做某事决定做某事对某人残酷向某人申请某物注册；签名；报名应付；处理四、单句语法填空1．(fortune),hewascaughtupinthetrafficjamandlateforthemeeting.2．Accordingtothefestival’sorganizers,enthusiasmfortraditionalculture(grow)amongyoungpeopleinrecentyears.3．She(learn)aboutenvironmentalprotectionlawssincesheentereduniversity.4．His(commit)tononviolenceledtoaNobelPeacePrizein1989.5．Youdidn’tseemtobeterribly(enthusiasm)abouttheperformance.6．Theyhavebeen(debate)forhourswithoutreachinganyagreement.

7．Thecompanyhasbeen(expand)itscustomerbaseusingtrademagazineadvertising.8．The(bark)dogoutsidethegatemadethelittlegirlfeelscared.9．Thewind(roar)outsidetheclassroomforanhour,butthestudentsarestillfocusedonEnglishlistening.10．His(commit)toEnglishstudyhasinspiredhisclassmatestoworkharder.11．There’sonlyonewaytofindout:I'mrollingupmysleevesandtrainingunderthe(guide)ofseniorstagemastersinthefield.12．Viewedasananimalfullofenergy,thehorseisasymbolofstrongwilland(persevere).13．He

(pretend)nottoknowthetruthforyearstoavoidgettingintotrouble.14．Rescuers(labour)aroundtheclocktosavehikerswhowerehikinginthemountainssincetheemergencyoccurredlastFriday.Let’sprayforthebest.15．Theseverebudgetcutseventuallyledtotheresearchproject(abandon)halfway.16．Thechallengingtask,which(occupy)almostallofhistimeandenergyduringthepastfewmonths,leaveshimlittletimetospendwithhisfamily.17．Ihavefoundhimso(qualify)forthepositionthathecanhelphandlethesituationinapracticalandreasonableway.18．Evenwith(thoroughness)preparation,youwouldstillfacechallenges.19．All(candidate)mustsubmittheirapplicationsbyFriday.20．Theresearchteam(conduct)experimentsonrenewableenergysourcesforthepastthreeyears,andtheyareexpectedtopublishtheirfindingsnextmonth.21．Localgovernments(organize)complimentaryperformancesinschoolssince2018,whichhelpstudentsunderstandtheculturalsignificanceofshadowpuppetry.22．Therehavebeenseveralpeople(injure)intheaccident.23．The(apply)oftheserulesisstrict.24．Althoughtheproblem(resolve)bynow,itdoeshighlightthefactthatthenaturalhabitatofwildlifeisbeingdecreasedastheconstructionofhomesforhumansisincreased.25．Over90percentoftheLaotrainees(assign)specificpositionssincetheLaos-ChinaRailwayCorecruitedandtrainedtheminJune2020.五、小语段填空阅读下面短文，在答题纸1相应空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thenextday,weleftManaus.Afterpackingallourstoresintoacanoe,wesetoffwithtwolocalmenservingasourguides.Weturnedoffthewideriverontoasmallerstream,1navigationbecamemuchmoredifficult.Everytimewemetrapids,thecanoehadtobecarriedthroughtheforestto2(calm)water.Greattreesmetoverhead,almostshuttingoutthesun,andfromthedarkbushescamestrangesounds.Butthetwoprofessorspaidnoattentiontotheir3(surround).Theyweretoobusysquabblinglikechildren.In4distance,weheardathrobbingbeat.“Wardrums,”saidLordJohn.Thesoundmademyskincrawl,5theprofessorsremainedcompletelycalm.Ontheninthday,wefinallysaw6wewerelookingfor:alonglineofhigh,redcliffs.“Thereitis,”Challengershoutedintriumph.Weclimbedunderthoseplateauwalls.Suddenly,somethingswoopeddownfromthesky.Ahugeshadowroseintotheairwithourdinnerandthenvanished.Wesatin7(stun)silence.Atlast,ProfessorSummerleespoke,hisvoice8(tremble)withemotion.“Iwasafooltodoubtyourword.”Forthefirsttime,thetwooldenemiesshookhands.Theplateaurosebeforeus,itsredcliffsglowinginthesunset.Weknewourrealadventurewasjustrevealing9(it)beforeus,andnoneofuscouldpredictwhatchallengesawaitedusonthosemysteriousheights.Thatnight,aswelayinourtents,wecouldhearstrangecriesechoingfromtheplateau—soundsthatnomodernscientist10(record).六、高级句式表达1．Ilookedaroundatmyfamily,andforthefirsttimesinceDad’spassing,(我感到一丝发自内心的微笑在脸上绽开).2．(在老师的耐心指导下),thestudentmadegreatprogressinhisEnglishwriting.(with复合结构)3．TheYangtzeRiverhasbeen(遭受)humanactivitiessuchasoverfishing.(根据汉语提示补全句子)4．Despitelimitedresources,she(战胜逆境)tobecomeapioneeringscientist.5．(以真诚的善良),Maryoftensharesherstationerywithclassmateswhoforgettobringtheirs.6．(对环境保护的坚定承诺)ledhimtoorganizeacampusrecyclingcampaignwithhisclassmateslastsemester.7．(儒家的价值观),suchasrespectingtheelderlyandcaringfortheyoung,guidemanypeopletotreatotherswithkindness.8．Thecommunitycenter(安排志愿者帮助老人)withdailychoresregularly.9．Facedwithdifficultiesinthecharityproject,Lisaneverchoseto(放弃有意义的事业),asshebelieveditcouldtrulyhelpthoseinneed.10．His(最初的探险)reacheddistantlandsnotforconquest,butto(促进文化交流).11．Jenny(立下新年愿望)tovisittheorphanageonceamonthandhaskeptitforawholeyear.12．(以帮助农村孩子接受更好教育的崇高动机为驱动),Mr.Ligaveuphishigh-payingjobandbecameavillageteacher.13．ChouTien-Chen(一直梦想)becominganOlympicchampioneversincehewasfirstintroducedtothesportasa5-year-old.14．(一阵羡慕)floodinginherheart,sheclosedhereyestight.15．Makesureyouhaveplentyofroomfor(所有的家具).16．Mostdevelopersreservetherightto(拒绝)apropertytheythinkisvirtuallyunsaleable.17．Ifburnt,rubbercan(发出；释放)apoisonousgas.18．Inspringthefields(散发出)anearthyaroma.19．Heencouragedhiscrewto(参与各种娱乐活动)andcelebrationsbecausehethoughtitwouldkeeptheirspiritsup.20．Behram’sjourneytoprofessionalsoccerisastoryofps(毅力和牺牲),accordingtoXinjiangDaily.21．We(被困于)atrafficjamforanhourlastnight.22．AsfarasIremember,myparentsalwaysremindedmeof（我的餐桌礼仪）.23．Theycollectedsomewoodand(生火)tokeepwarm.24．Aftercarefullycheckingmybag,IalreadyconfirmthatI(携带个人物品),includingmylaptop,wallet,andkeys,beforeleavingthelibrary.25．Justnow,theprojectmanager(被指派为)theleadroleinthenewproductlaunch.第第页XB3U4词汇变形、短语和精练题答案：一、词汇拓展1.bitteradj.严寒的(=freezing);味苦的(反:sweetadj.甜蜜/美的);痛苦的→bitterlyadv.苦涩/悲痛/强烈地→bitternessn.苦味/难;怨恨souradj.酸的2.enthusiasticadj.热情的;热心的(=passionate)(about)→enthusiasmn.热心,热忱,热情(=passion)3.assignvt.分派;布置;分配→assignmentn.分配;任务(=task=mission);作业(=homework)wagen.工资;报偿salaryn.薪水4.abandonvt.舍弃;抛弃(=desert);放弃→abandonedadj.被抛/废弃的沉迷于做某事:abandon/applyoneselftodoingsth.5.resolvevi/vt.决定/心;解决(=solve)→resolvedadj.下定决心的(=determined),坚决的→resolutionn.决心/定,坚决,解决(=solution)6.crueladj.残酷/忍的;冷酷的→cruellyadv.残酷地→crueltyn.残酷;残忍音近词:crewn.全体人员rudeadj.粗鲁的;无礼的→rudenessn.粗鲁;无礼同样变法:loyaladj.忠诚的→loyallyadv.忠诚地;诚实地→loyaltyn.忠心形近词:★royaladj.皇家的→royallyadv.庄严地→royaltyn.王权;皇室7.furnituren.家具(不可数)furnishvt.提供;供应;装备→furnishedadj.配备有家具的good-temperedadj.好脾气的,和蔼的8.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunen.幸运(=luck),命运(=lot=fate),财富(=wealth)9.advertisingn.广告活动;广告业→advertisev.公布;宣传;做广告→advertisementn.公告10.corporateadj.公司/法人的→corporationn.公司(=firm=company)形近词:cooperatevi.合作→cooperationn.合作11.commitmentn.承诺;保证;奉献;犯罪→commitvi.忠于;承诺becommittedtodoing…一心一意做…(双写t加ed)12.guiden.指南;导游v.指导;指引;领路→guidancen.指/引导;领导在某人指导下:undertheguidanceofsb.在某人帮助下withthehelpofsb.13.perseverevi.坚忍,坚持→perseverancen.坚持不懈形近词:severeadj.严重的(=serious),恶劣的;严峻的;严厉的14.recreationn.消遣;娱乐=entertainment=amusement→recreationaladj.休养的,娱乐的15.envyn./v.羡慕;嫉妒→envious(=jealous)adj.嫉妒的(of)thoroughadj.彻底/周密的throughprep.穿过;通过adv.从头至尾;彻底地16.v.下沉n.水池:sink-sank-sunkcandidaten.候选人episoden.插曲;(人生的)一段经历;片段;一集17.miseryn.痛苦,苦难→miserableadj.悲惨的,不幸的(=unfortunate),可怜的,令人痛苦的18.selfn.自己,自我→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的crushv.压坏/碎;镇压crashn./v.碰撞;坠落haveacrushon;迷恋…19.roughadj.粗糙的;不平的→roughlyadv.粗糙地;概略地,大约(=about=approximately)toughadj.坚韧的;严格的;困难的→toughlyadv.强硬地20.belongvi.属于→belongingn.归属感(thesenseofbelonging);所有物,附属物(以复数形式出现:belongings)belongingsn.动产;财物21.genuineadj.真实的(=real),真诚的(=sincere)→genuinelyadv.真地;真正地(=sincerely)22.vigourn.活力,精力(=energy)→vigorousadj.有活力的;精力充沛的(=energetic)23.decentadj.得体的,体面的;正派的;相当好的→decencyn.正派;体面goaboard上船;上飞机等交通工具goabroad去国外24.endurev.忍耐;容忍→enduringadj.持久的(=lasting),不朽的→endurancen.忍耐力25.adverseadj.不利的;相反的;敌对的→adversityn.逆境;厄运;窘境dilemman.(进退两难的)窘境,困境26.navigatev.航海→navigatorn.领航员→navigationn.航行;导航niecen.侄女nephewn.侄子27.motiven.动机,目的(=purpose=intention)motivatevt.使有动机;激发;激励(=encourage=stimulate=inspire)→motivationn.动力/机→motivatedadj.积极/主动的review/revise:28.servevt.&vi.(为…)服务;任(职)→servicen.服务;服役;仪式→servantn.仆人,公/服务员servesb.为某人服务serveas…作为…29.universen.宇宙→universaladj.全体的,广泛的,普遍的(=generaladj.总体的,普遍的;一般的)30.consultv.咨询,请教,商讨,查阅→consultantn.顾问(=advisor)popularadj.流行的;受欢迎的→popularityn.流行;受欢迎(度)→popularizev.普及31.permissionn.许可;批准;许可证→permitv.允许;准许;使有可能过去式、过去分词:entionn.打算;意图;目的(=purpose=aim)→intendvt.计划;打算beintended/designedfor专为…而设计beintended/designedtodo旨在做某事二、汉译英1．navigator2．loyal3．motor4．candidate5．makeafire6．giveoff7．episode8．commitment9．motive10．Confucianism11．persevere12．resolve13．resolution14．crew15．cruel16．thorough17．furniture18．unfortunately19．fortunately20．bark21．cupboard22．assign23．steward24．envy25．crush26．sink27．abandon28．stove29．blanket30．belongings31．adversity32．wage33．bitter34．expedition35．endurance36．vigor37．reject38．qualified39．enthusiastic40．aboard三、重难短语精练1．at

the

age

of

在……的年龄2．turn

sb.down

拒绝(某人)3．be

enthusiastic

about

热衷于4．set

off

出发5．keep

one's

spirits

up

振作精神6．from

bad

to

worse

每况愈下7．make

it

成功8．consist

of

由……组成9．cheer

sb.up

使某人振作起来10．deal

with

处理；对付11．make

fire

生火12．give

off

放出(热、光、气味或气体)assignsb.todosth.指定/安排某人做某事resolvetodosth.决定做某事becrueltosb.对某人残酷applytosb.forsth.向某人申请某物signup注册；签名；报名copewith应付；处理四、单句语法填空1．Unfortunately【详解】考查动词。句意：不幸的是，他被困在了交通堵塞中，因此未能按时参加会议。修饰整个句子，用副词形式。根据句意可知，用副词unfortunately，表示“不幸的是”。故填Unfortunately。2．hasgrown/hasbeengrowing【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据节日主办方介绍，近年来，年轻人对传统文化的热情不断增长。根据时间状语“inrecentyears”可知，句子使用现在完成时，或强调这一动作一直正在进行，使用现在完成进行时，主语是enthusiasm，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式hasgrown或hasbeengrowing。故填hasgrown/hasbeengrowing。3．hasbeenlearning【详解】考查时态。句意：自从她进入大学以来，她就一直在学习有关环境保护的法律知识。根据时间状语sincesheentereduniversity可知，用现在完成进行时，表示学习这个动作从过去时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词用has。故填hasbeenlearning。4．commitment【详解】考查名词。句意：他对非暴力的承诺使他在1989年获得了诺贝尔和平奖。根据句意及空前的His和空后的tononviolence可知，空处应用名词commitment，作主语，且commitment是不可数名词。故填commitment。5．enthusiastic【详解】考查形容词。句意：你似乎对这场演出并不怎么热心。空格前为副词terribly，后接形容词构成系表结构，enthusiasm的形容词形式为enthusiastic，且beenthusiasticabout是固定搭配，意为“对……热心”，符合句子的语义逻辑和语法规则。故填enthusiastic。6．debating【详解】考查时态。句意：他们已经争论了几个小时，但仍未达成任何共识。根据后文forhours以及havebeen可知为现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作持续不间断进行。故填debating。7．expanding【详解】考查动词时态。句意：该公司一直通过贸易杂志广告来扩大客户群。强调动作expand“扩大，扩展”从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，时态用现在完成进行时，本空用expand的现在分词形式expanding，与空前的hasbeen构成现在完成进行时。故填expanding。8．barking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：门外正在叫的狗让小女孩感到害怕。根据空后名词dog及dog与bark的主谓关系可知，此空应用现在分词barking，作定语。故填barking。9．hasbeenroaring【详解】考查时态。句意：风在教室外呼啸了一个小时，但学生们仍然专注于英语听力。根据foranhour以及thestudentsarestillfocusedonEnglishlistening可知，此处表示过去某一动作持续到现在，可能还要继续下去，应使用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/hasbeendoing，主语是Thewind，助动词用has。故填hasbeenroaring。10．commitment【详解】考查名词。句意：他对英语学习的投入激励了同学们更加努力地学习。空处用于形容词性物主代词His之后，应用名词commitment，表示“投入，奉献”，作主语，是不可数名词。故填commitment。11．guidance【详解】考查名词。句意：只有一个办法能弄清楚：我正撸起袖子，在这一领域的资深大师的指导下进行训练。根据设空前的介词under和设空后的of可知，设空处应用名词形式，undertheguidanceof意为“在……的指导下”，是固定搭配，故填guidance。12．perseverance【详解】考查名词。句意：马被视为充满活力的动物，象征着坚强的意志和毅力。asymbolof后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。persevere的名词形式为perseverance，为“毅力；坚持不懈”之意。故填perseverance。13．haspretended/hasbeenpretending【详解】考查动词时态。句意：为了避免惹麻烦，他多年来一直假装不知道真相。根据foryears可知，此处强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，可使用现在完成时haspretended，表示动作已完成但影响持续，或现在完成进行时hasbeenpretending，表示动作仍在持续。故填haspretended/hasbeenpretending。14．havebeenlabouring/havelaboured【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：救援人员一直在夜以继日地努力营救自上周五发生事故以来在山中徒步旅行的游客。让我们祈祷一切顺利吧。根据“sincetheemergencyoccurredlastFriday”可知主句可使用现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，since引导时间状语从句，主句也可使用现在完成时，主语Rescuers是名词复数，助动词使用have。故填havebeenlabouring/havelaboured。15．beingabandoned【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：严重的预算削减最终导致这个研究项目半途而废。固定搭配leadtosb./sth.doingsth.表示“导致某人/某物做某事”；且“theresearchproject(研究项目)”与“abandon(放弃)”是被动关系，需用现在分词的被动式beingdone；abandon的过去分词为abandoned。故填beingabandoned。16．hasoccupied/hasbeenoccupying【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这项具有挑战性的任务在过去几个月里几乎占据了他所有的时间和精力，使他几乎没有时间和家人在一起。occupy“占据”。本空作which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，从句修饰先行词Thechallengingtask，由时间状语duringthepastfewmonths可知，句子描述的是从过去持续到现在的情况，时态应用现在完成时，且主语which指代先行词Thechallengingtask，助动词用has，谓语用hasoccupied。或者occupy这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子应用现在完成进行时，谓语用hasbeenoccupying。故填hasoccupied或hasbeenoccupying。17．qualified【详解】考查形容词。句意：我发现他有资格担任这个职位，他能以一种实际而合理的方式帮助处理这种情况。空处作宾补，形容词qualified“合格的，有资格的”符合题意，qualifiedfor“有担任……的资格”是常用搭配。故填qualified。18．thorough【详解】考查形容词。句意：即便准备周全，你仍将面临挑战。根据空后名词preparation可知，此空应是形容词thorough，意为“彻底的，完全的”，作定语。故填thorough。19．candidates【详解】考查名词的数。句意：所有候选人必须在星期五之前提交申请。candidate“候选人”为可数名词，被all修饰，应用其复数形式candidates作主语。故填candidates。20．hasbeenconducting【详解】考查动词时态。句意：研究团队在过去三年里一直在进行可再生能源实验，预计他们下个月将公布研究结果。conduct“实施，做”。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语forthepastthreeyears可知，此处表示动作从过去持续到现在，并可能持续下去，时态应用现在完成进行时，主语Theresearchteam是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填hasbeenconducting。21．havebeenorganizing【详解】考查现在完成进行时与主谓一致。句意：地方政府自2018年以来一直在学校组织免费表演，帮助学生了解皮影戏的文化意义。根据时间状语since2018和语境“一直组织”可知，此处需用现在完成进行时；主语localgovernments为复数，助动词用have。故填havebeenorganizing。22．injured【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：事故中有几个人受伤。本句为therebe句型，所以空处用非谓语形式。people和injure之间是动宾关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。故填injured。23．application【详解】考查名词。句意：这些规则的应用是严格的。空处作主语，提示词的名词形式application“应用”符合题意，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填application。24．hasbeenresolved【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尽管这个问题到现在已经解决了，但它确实突显了一个事实：随着人类住宅建设的增加，野生动物的自然栖息地正在减少。根据时间状语“bynow(到目前为止)”可知，此处应使用现在完成时。主语“theproblem”与动词“resolve(解决)”之间为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态“have/hasbeendone”，主语为单数，助动词用has,resolve的过去分词为resolved。故填hasbeenres