语法一般将来时be going to讲解与练习

在英语的时态体系中，一般将来时扮演着至关重要的角色，它帮助我们描述尚未发生但预计会发生的动作或状态。其中，"begoingto"结构是表达将来含义的常用方式之一，尤其在口语和非正式书面语中应用广泛。理解并掌握"begoingto"的用法，能让我们的表达更精准、更生动。本文将详细讲解其构成、核心用法，并辅以针对性练习，助您彻底攻克这一语法点。一、"begoingto"结构的构成"begoingto"结构的构成方式相对固定，由以下几个部分组成：肯定式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形+其他成分。*Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend.(我打算这周末去看望我的祖父母。)*Sheisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheparty.(她打算为派对买一条新裙子。)*Theyaregoingtoplayfootballafterschool.(他们放学后要去踢足球。)否定式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+goingto+动词原形+其他成分。*Heisnotgoingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.(他明天不打算参加会议。)*Wearenotgoingtowatchthatmovie.(我们不打算看那部电影。)*I'mnotgoingtoeatfastfoodanymore.(我不打算再吃快餐了。)**(注：Iam可缩写为I'm，isnot可缩写为isn't，arenot可缩写为aren't)*疑问式：Be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他成分？*Areyougoingtotheparkthisafternoon?(你今天下午要去公园吗？)*Isshegoingtostudyabroadnextyear?(她明年要去国外学习吗？)*AmIgoingtomeethimatthestation?(我要去车站接他吗？)简略回答：*肯定：Yes,主语+be动词.*否定：No,主语+be动词+not.**Aretheygoingtohaveapicnic?*-*Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.*二、"begoingto"的核心用法"begoingto"结构主要用于表达以下两种含义：1.表示计划、打算、意图做某事(Plans,Intentions)这是"begoingto"最常见的用法，表示说话人在说话之前已经有了明确的计划或意图，准备在将来某个时间做某事。这种计划通常是比较具体的。*Wearegoingtomovetoabiggerapartmentnextmonth.(我们计划下个月搬到一个更大的公寓。)-已经有此打算和初步安排。*Sheisgoingtolearnhowtodriveduringthesummervacation.(她打算在暑假学开车。)-有学习的意图和计划。*I'mgoingtostartanewhobby–maybepainting.(我打算开始一个新爱好——也许是绘画。)-有此初步想法和打算。2.表示根据现有迹象推断某事将要发生(Predictionbasedonevidence)这种用法表示说话人根据当前能观察到的迹象、事实或逻辑判断，认为某事即将发生或肯定会发生。*Lookatthosedarkclouds!Itisgoingtorainsoon.(看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。)-乌云是下雨的迹象。*Thebabyiscrying.Heisgoingtowakeuphissister.(宝宝在哭。他快要吵醒他姐姐了。)-哭声预示着可能吵醒别人。*She'sdrivingsofast.Sheisgoingtohaveanaccidentifshe'snotcareful.(她开得太快了。如果不小心她会出事的。)-开快车是出事的潜在迹象。初学者常将"begoingto"与"will"混淆。虽然二者都可表示将来，但侧重点不同：*"begoingto"强调事先计划、打算或基于现有迹象的推断。*"will"则更多表示临时决定、即时意愿、预测（不基于特定迹象，而是说话人的看法或信念）或承诺。*Ifeelcold.Iwillclosethewindow.(我觉得冷。我要关窗。)-临时决定。用"amgoingtoclose"则暗示之前就计划好了要关窗，此处不太自然。*Thesunwillriseat6AMtomorrow.(明天太阳将在六点升起。)-基于自然规律的客观预测，常用"will"。在很多情况下，尤其是在口语中，"begoingto"和"will"可以互换使用，含义差别细微。但理解其核心区别有助于更准确地运用。三、练习题(Exercises)Exercise1:Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformof"begoingto".(用"begoingto"的正确形式填空。)1.I______(visit)myauntnextSunday.2.They______(not/play)basketballthisevening.3.______she______(cook)dinnerforus?4.We______(watch)amovieathometonight.5.He______(not/buy)thatcar;it'stooexpensive.Exercise2:Rewritethefollowingsentencesusing"begoingto".(用"begoingto"改写下列句子。)1.Sheintendstostudymedicine._____________________________________2.IplantofinishthisreportbyFriday._____________________________________3.AreyouplanningtojointheEnglishclub?_____________________________________4.Theydon'tintendtoselltheirhouse._____________________________________Exercise3:Choosethebestanswer(AorB)foreachsituation.(为每个情景选择最佳答案A或B。)1.Youseeachildrunningtowardsabusyroad.Yousay:A.Hewillfalldown.B.Heisgoingtofalldown.2.Yourfriendasksyouaboutyourweekendplans.Yousay:A.Iwillgohikingwithmyfamily.B.Iamgoingtogohikingwithmyfamily.3.Theskyisclearandtheforecastsaysit'saniceday.Yousay:A.Itwillbeabeautifulday.B.Itisgoingtobeabeautifulday.4.Someoneoffersyouacoffee,andyouwantone.Yousay:A.Yes,Iwillhaveone,please.B.Yes,Iamgoingtohaveone,please.Exercise4:Lookatthepicturesorthegivensituationandmakesentenceswith"begoingto".(根据图片或给定情景，用"begoingto"造句。)*(Note:Sincetherearenopictures,herearesituations.)*1.Situation:Thegroundisverywet,andaboyisrunningfast.Sentence:_____________________________________2.Situation:Youhaveaticketforaconcerttonight.Sentence:_____________________________________四、练习答案(AnswerstoExercises)Exercise1:1.amgoingtovisit2.arenotgoingtoplay/aren'tgoingtoplay3.Is,goingtocook4.aregoingtowatch5.isnotgoingtobuy/isn'tgoingtobuyExercise2:1.Sheisgoingtostudymedicine.2.IamgoingtofinishthisreportbyFriday.3.AreyougoingtojointheEnglishclub?4.Theyarenotgoingtoselltheirhouse./Theyaren'tgoingtoselltheirhouse.Exercise3:1.B(基于看到孩子跑向繁忙马路的迹象，推断他要摔倒)2.B(计划好的周末活动)3.A(基于天气预报的客观预测，用"will"也很自然；若强调看到天空晴朗的迹象，B也可，但A更侧重陈述一个事实)**(说明：在此题中，A和B都有可能，具体取决于语境。但通常对于天气预报这种，"will"更常用。若强调“根据天空看起来的样子”，则用"isgoingto"。)*4.A(即时的意愿接受)Exercise4:(PossibleAnswers)1.Theboyisgoingtoslipandfall./He