英语陈述句转述句练习题集锦

掌握英语陈述句转述：从规则到实践的练习题集锦在英语的日常交流与书面表达中，准确地将他人的话语或观点进行转述是一项不可或缺的技能。陈述句的转述，即间接引语，要求我们在保持原意不变的前提下，对原句的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等进行恰当调整。本文旨在系统梳理陈述句转述的核心规则，并提供精心设计的练习题，帮助学习者夯实基础，提升应用能力。一、陈述句转述核心规则梳理将直接引语（DirectSpeech）转换为间接引语（IndirectSpeech）时，需遵循以下关键原则：1.人称代词的调整：这是转述中最直观的变化。需根据转述者的视角，将直接引语中的第一、二人称代词（I,we,you,my,our,your等）调整为第三人称或相应的第一人称。基本原则是“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。*“一随主”：直接引语中的第一人称，若主语是说话人，在间接引语中要随主句的主语变化。*“二随宾”：直接引语中的第二人称，在间接引语中要随主句的宾语（即听话人）变化。*“第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称，在间接引语中一般不需要变化。2.动词时态的呼应（时态倒退）：当主句的谓语动词为过去时态（如said,told,asked等）时，间接引语中的动词时态通常要“倒退”一步，以体现时间的先后关系。常见变化如下：*一般现在时→一般过去时*现在进行时→过去进行时*一般将来时→过去将来时(would/was/weregoingto)*现在完成时→过去完成时*一般过去时→过去完成时(有时也可保留一般过去时，尤其是当有明确过去时间状语时)*过去完成时→过去完成时(不变)*情态动词：can→could,may→might,will→would,shall→should,must→must/hadto(根据语境)*注意：若直接引语表述的是客观真理、永恒不变的事实或习惯性动作，即使主句为过去时，间接引语的时态也可保持不变。3.指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的调整：这些词的变化主要是为了适应转述时的语境。*指示代词：this→that,these→those*时间状语：now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,tomorrow→thenextday/thefollowingday,ago→before*地点状语：here→there4.句式结构：陈述句的间接引语通常由连词"that"引导，"that"在口语中常可省略。主句常用的动词有say(tosb.),tell(sb.)等。*直接引语：Shesaid,"Iamhappy."*间接引语：Shesaid(that)shewashappy.*直接引语：Hetoldme,"Youareright."*间接引语：Hetoldme(that)Iwasright.(此处"you"随宾语"me"变化为"I")二、陈述句转述练习题集锦以下练习题将涵盖上述核心规则的各种应用场景。请将每题的直接引语转换为间接引语。基础练习：人称与时态转换1.Tomsaid,"Ilikeplayingfootball."2.Marytoldme,"Mybrotherisadoctor."3.Theteachersaid,"TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun."(提示：客观真理)4.Hesaid,"Iwillfinishmyhomeworktomorrow."5.Theysaid,"WehavevisitedParistwice."进阶练习：包含时间状语与地点状语6.Shesaid,"Iboughtthisbookyesterday."7.Myfathertoldme,"IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow."8.Thegirlsaid,"Mymotheriscookinginthekitchennow."9.Hesaid,"Theseflowersareforyou."10.Theboysaid,"Imetherhereanhourago."情态动词专项练习11.Themanagersaid,"Youcanleaveearlytoday."12.Shetoldme,"Imaynotattendthemeeting."13.Hesaid,"Imuststudyhardfortheexam."14.Myfriendsaid,"Weshouldhelpeachother."15.Theoldmansaid,"IcouldswimacrosstheriverwhenIwasyoung."综合应用练习16.Thereportersaid,"Thepresidentwillmakeanimportantspeechtonight."17.Shetoldherchildren,"Ihavepreparedasurpriseforyou."18.JohnsaidtoMary,"Ivisitedyouruncleyesterday."19.Thescientistsaid,"Lighttravelsfasterthansound."(提示：客观真理)20.Myneighborsaid,"Iamgoingtoplantsometreesinmygardennextweek."三、练习题参考答案基础练习：人称与时态转换1.Tomsaid(that)helikedplayingfootball.2.Marytoldme(that)herbrotherwasadoctor.3.Theteachersaid(that)theEarthgoesaroundtheSun.(客观真理，时态不变)4.Hesaid(that)hewouldfinishhishomeworkthenextday/thefollowingday.5.Theysaid(that)theyhadvisitedParistwice.进阶练习：包含时间状语与地点状语6.Shesaid(that)shehadboughtthatbookthedaybefore.7.Myfathertoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday/thefollowingday.8.Thegirlsaid(that)hermotherwascookinginthekitchenthen.9.Hesaid(that)thoseflowerswereforme/her/him(根据具体语境判断"you"指代谁)。10.Theboysaid(that)hehadmetherthereanhourbefore.情态动词专项练习11.Themanagersaid(that)I/wecouldleaveearlythatday.(根据具体语境判断"you"指代)12.Shetoldme(that)shemightnotattendthemeeting.13.Hesaid(that)hemust/hadtostudyhardfortheexam.14.Myfriendsaid(that)weshouldhelpeachother.15.Theoldmansaid(that)hecouldswimacrosstheriverwhenhewasyoung.(过去的能力，could不变或理解为can的过去式)综合应用练习16.Thereportersaid(that)thepresidentwouldmakeanimportantspeechthatnight.17.Shetoldherchildren(that)shehadpreparedasurpriseforthem.18.JohnsaidtoMary(that)hehadvisitedherunclethedaybefore.19.Thescientistsaid(that)lighttravelsfasterthansound.(客观真理，时态不变)20.Myneighborsaid(that)he/shewasgoingtoplantsomet