中学英语10单元知识重点与练习题

同学们，第十单元的学习旅程即将告一段落。本单元我们围绕“过往经历与人生感悟”这一核心主题，拓展了词汇量，深化了对特定语法结构的理解，并提升了在实际语境中运用语言的能力。下面，我们一同梳理本单元的知识重点，并通过练习题加以巩固。一、核心词汇与短语词汇是语言的基石。本单元出现了一系列描述人物、事件、情感及评价的词汇，需要我们不仅认识，更要能灵活运用。1.描述人物与性格：如`determined`(坚定的),`ambitious`(有雄心的),`modest`(谦虚的),`reliable`(可靠的),`outgoing`(外向的)。**提示*：这些形容词在描述人时非常实用，注意它们在句中可作定语或表语。例如：Sheisadeterminedgirl./Hisattitudeseemsmodest.3.情感与感悟：如`proud`(自豪的),`grateful`(感激的),`disappointed`(失望的),`inspired`(受鼓舞的),`valuable`(宝贵的),`memorable`(难忘的)。**提示*：`beproudof`,`begratefultosb./forsth.`是常用搭配。4.重要短语：*`intheend`(最终)/`attheendof`(在…末尾)*`lookbackon`(回顾)*`learnfrom`(从…中学习)*`giveup`(放弃)*`makeprogress`(取得进步)*`playarolein`(在…中扮演角色/起作用)*`thanksto`(多亏，由于)二、核心句型与语法点本单元的语法学习重点在于更精确地描述过去发生的动作及其相互关系，以及表达对过去事情的看法或假设。1.过去完成时(PastPerfectTense)*构成：`had+过去分词`*用法：表示在过去某个动作或时间点之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。**例句*：*WhenIarrivedatthecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted.(我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。——“到达”是过去的动作，“开始”发生在“到达”之前。)*Sherealizedshehadleftherkeysathome.(她意识到她把钥匙落在家里了。——“意识到”是过去的动作，“落”发生在“意识到”之前。)*提示：常与`before`,`bythetime`,`when`等引导的时间状语从句连用。2.情态动词+havedone(对过去的推测或评论)*should/oughttohavedone:本应该做某事（但实际上没做）**例句*:Youshouldhavetoldmethetruthearlier.(你本应该早点告诉我真相。)*shouldn'thavedone:本不应该做某事（但实际上做了）**例句*:Heshouldn'thaveeatensomuchjunkfood.(他本不应该吃那么多垃圾食品。)*musthavedone:一定做了某事（表示对过去情况的肯定推测）**例句*:Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.(地面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。)*can't/couldn'thavedone:不可能做了某事（表示对过去情况的否定推测）**例句*:Shecan'thavefinishedtheworkinsuchashorttime.(她不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。)3.非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauses)*用法：对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句意思的完整性。通常用逗号与主句隔开。*关系代词：指人用`who`,`whom`,`whose`；指物用`which`。*不能用that*。**例句*:*Mr.Li,whoisourmathteacher,haswontheteachingaward.(李先生，我们的数学老师，获得了教学奖。)*WevisitedtheScienceMuseum,whichwasveryinteresting.(我们参观了科学博物馆，它非常有趣。)围绕“谈论过去经历”的主题，掌握以下常用表达：*询问经历：*Haveyouever...?(你曾经…过吗？)*Whatwasthemostmemorableexperienceyou'veeverhad?(你有过的最难忘的经历是什么？)*Whendidyoufirst...?(你第一次…是什么时候？)*描述经历：*Itwasanunforgettableexperience.(那是一次难忘的经历。)*Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen...(我永远不会忘记那一天…)*Themostchallengingpartwas...(最具挑战性的部分是…)*表达感受与评价：*Ifeltsoproudofmyself.(我为自己感到非常自豪。)*Ittaughtmeavaluablelesson.(它给了我一个宝贵的教训。)*Lookingback,Ithinkitwasworthit.(现在回想起来，我觉得那是值得的。)四、阅读与写作策略点拨1.阅读：在阅读关于人物传记或个人经历的文章时，注意寻找时间线索，理清事件发展顺序，特别关注作者或主人公在不同阶段的感受和从中得到的启示。关注`first`,`then`,`afterthat`,`finally`,`however`,`asaresult`等连接词。2.写作：写一篇关于个人难忘经历的短文时，可以遵循以下步骤：*开头：简要介绍事件发生的时间、地点和背景。*主体：详细描述事件的经过，可以按时间顺序展开，运用生动的词汇和句型（如过去完成时）。*结尾：表达自己的感受、从中获得的教训或感悟。**小贴士*：适当运用`Although...`,`But...`,`Because...`等连词使文章更连贯；尝试使用本单元学到的情感词汇和`shouldhavedone`等结构表达反思。五、练习题I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Weshouldlearnfromourmistakesandnotr______them.3.Iamg______tomyparentsfortheirendlesssupport.4.Thetriptothemountainwasam______experienceforallofus.5.Bythetimewegotthere,themeetinghada______finished.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Herealizedhe______(leave)hishomeworkathomewhenhegottoschool.3.Thestory______(write)byafamouswriterlastyear.4.Sheisthewoman______(who)sonwonthefirstprize.5.I______(neversee)suchabeautifulsunsetbeforeIwenttothebeach.II.语法填空(Grammar)用括号内所给单词的适当形式或适当的情态动词填空。1.WhenMaryarrivedattheparty,mostoftheguests______(alreadyleave).2.You______(noteat)somuchchocolate.It'sbadforyourteeth.(但你吃了)3.They______(mustfinish)theirworkbecausetheyareplayingoutsidenow.4.Thebook,______(which)coverisred,ismine.III.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1.Hefinishedhishomework.Thenhewentouttoplay.(合并为一句，用过去完成时)He____________hishomeworkbeforehewentouttoplay.2.Maybeshewasillyesterday.(用情态动词改写)She__________________illyesterday.3.Themanismyuncle.Heiswearingablueshirt.(合并为非限制性定语从句)Theman,____________wearingablueshirt,ismyuncle.阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。Lastsummer,Idecidedtolearnhowtoswim.Ihadalwaysbeenafraidofwater,soitwasabigchallengeforme.MyfriendTom,whoisagoodswimmer,offeredtoteachme.Onthefirstday,Istoodattheedgeofthepool,tooscaredtojumpin.Tompatientlyencouragedme.Finally,Itookadeepbreathandgotintothewater.Itwascold,butIfeltalittleexcited.Tomtaughtmethebasicstrokes.Atfirst,Ikeptsinkinganddrinkingwater.IfeltsofrustratedthatIwantedtogiveup.ButTomtoldme,"Don'tworry.Everyonegoesthroughthis.Youshouldkeeppracticing."SoIcontinued.Aftertwoweeksofhardpractice,somethingamazinghappened.Icouldswimacrossthepool!Icouldn'tbelieveit.Ifeltsoproudofmyself.1.Whywaslearningtoswimabigchallengeforthewriter?A.Becausethepoolwascold.B.Becausehe/shewasafraidofwater.C.BecauseTomwasn'tagoodteacher.D.Becausehe/shedidn'thaveaswimsuit.2.Howdidthewriterfeelatfirstwhenpracticingswimming?A.Excited.B.Proud.C.Frustrated.D.Relaxed.3.Whatmadethewriterwanttogiveup?A.Thecoldwater.B.Tom'sencouragement.C.Sinkinganddrinkingwater.D.Thedifficultyofthebasicstrokes.4.Whatdidthewriterlearnfromthisexperience?A.Swimmingiseasy.B.Friendsarenotimportant.D.Summerisagoodtimetolearnswimming.V.书面表达(Writing)请以"AnUnforgettableExperience"为题，写一篇80词左右的英语短文，描述一次让你难忘的经历，并谈谈你的感受或从中得到的启示。*提示：1.事件的时间、地点、经过；2.你的感受或启示；3.适当运用本单元所学词汇和语法。*---参考答案及解析（部分）I.词汇运用A)1.repeat2.determined3.grateful4.memorable5.alreadyB)1.hadleft2.shouldhavetold3.waswritten4.whose5.hadneverseenII.语法填空1.hadalreadyleft2.shouldn'thaveeaten3.musthavefinished4.whose5.wouldhavecookedIII.句型转换1.hadfinis