2026年医学考研英语试题集含医学专业词汇

2026年医学考研英语试题集含医学专业词汇一、阅读理解（共4题，每题2分，计8分）1.题目：ArecentstudypublishedinTheLancetsuggeststhatthecombinationofmetforminandSGLT2inhibitorscouldsignificantlyreducetheriskofcardiovasculareventsinpatientswithtype2diabetes.Theresearch,conductedacrossmultipletertiaryhospitalsinChinaandtheUnitedStates,enrolledover5,000participantsoverafive-yearperiod.Participantswererandomlyassignedtoeitherthecombinationtherapygrouporthestandard-of-caregroup.Theprimaryoutcomemeasuresincludedall-causemortality,myocardialinfarction,andstroke.Theresultsshowedthatthecombinationtherapygrouphada23%lowerriskofcardiovasculareventscomparedtothestandard-of-caregroup(p<0.001).Notably,thesideeffectprofilewassimilarbetweenthetwogroups,withnosignificantincreaseinhypoglycemiaorrenalimpairment.Theauthorsconcludethatthistherapeuticapproachmayofferamoreeffectiveandsaferoptionforhigh-riskdiabetespatients.However,theyemphasizetheneedforfurtherlong-termstudiestoevaluatepotentiallong-termcomplications.问题：Whatisthemainfindingofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.MetforminaloneismoreeffectivethanSGLT2inhibitorsinreducingcardiovascularrisk.B.ThecombinationofmetforminandSGLT2inhibitorssignificantlyreducescardiovascularevents.C.SGLT2inhibitorsalonecanfullypreventmyocardialinfarctionindiabetespatients.D.Thestudyfoundnodifferenceinsideeffectsbetweenthetwotreatmentgroups.答案：B解析：ThepassageexplicitlystatesthatthecombinationtherapyofmetforminandSGLT2inhibitorsreducedcardiovasculareventsby23%comparedtostandardcare.OptionBaccuratelyreflectsthisfinding.OptionAisincorrectbecausethestudycomparedcombinationtherapytostandardcare,notmetforminaloneversusSGLT2inhibitors.OptionCisunsupportedbythetext,asthestudydidnotclaimSGLT2inhibitorsalonecouldpreventmyocardialinfarction.OptionDisincorrectbecausethepassagementionssimilarsideeffectprofiles,nottheabsenceofdifferences.2.题目：Cancerimmunotherapyhasrevolutionizedthetreatmentofcertainsolidtumorsinrecentyears.AphaseIIItrialofanovelPD-1inhibitor,nivolumab,inpatientswithadvancedlungcancerdemonstratedanobjectiveresponserateof30%andamedianprogression-freesurvivalof12months.Thetrial,whichincludedpatientsfromEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica,alsorevealedthatthedrugwaswell-tolerated,withfatigueandskinrashbeingthemostcommonadverseeffects.However,about5%ofpatientsexperiencedsevereimmune-relatedadverseevents,requiringdosereductionordiscontinuation.Theauthorsofthestudyhighlightthatwhilenivolumabshowspromise,itsefficacyvariesamongdifferentethnicgroups.Post-hocanalysissuggeststhatAsianpatientsmayrespondbettertothetreatmentcomparedtoCaucasianpatients.Thisobservationcouldhavesignificantimplicationsforpersonalizedmedicineinoncology.Furtherresearchisneededtoidentifybiomarkersthatcanpredicttreatmentresponse.问题：Whatisthekeyadvantageofnivolumabaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasnosideeffectsandcancurealladvancedlungcancerpatients.B.Itsignificantlyimprovesprogression-freesurvivalandisrelativelywell-tolerated.C.ItismoreeffectiveinCaucasianpatientsthaninAsianpatients.D.Itcanreplacetraditionalchemotherapyinallcancertreatments.答案：B解析：Thepassagestatesthatnivolumabimprovedmedianprogression-freesurvivalto12monthsandwaswell-tolerated,withmanageablesideeffects.OptionBaccuratelysummarizesthis.OptionAisincorrectbecausethetextmentionsadverseeffects.OptionCisincorrectbecausethestudysuggestsAsianpatientsmayrespondbetter.OptionDisunsupported;thepassagedoesnotclaimitreplacesallchemotherapy.3.题目：Theuseofartificialintelligence(AI)indiagnosticradiologyhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears.AstudypublishedinJAMARadiologyevaluatedtheperformanceofanAIalgorithmindetectingpulmonarynodulesonchestCTscans.Thealgorithmwastrainedonadatasetof5,000imagesandtestedonanother2,000imagesfrompatientswithandwithoutlungcancer.TheresultsshowedthattheAIsystemachievedanaccuracyof95%,withasensitivityof94%andaspecificityof96%.However,thestudyalsonotedthattheAIsystemperformedlessaccuratelyincaseswherethenodulesweresmallorhadatypicalshapes.TheauthorsrecommendthatAIshouldbeusedasanassistivetoolratherthanastandalonediagnosticmethod.Theyemphasizetheimportanceofhumanoversighttoensurediagnosticaccuracy.问题：WhatisthelimitationoftheAIalgorithmmentionedinthepassage?A.ItcannotdetectnodulesonchestCTscansatall.B.Itperformspoorlyincasesofsmalloratypicalnodules.C.Itrequiresmoretrainingdatatoimproveaccuracy.D.Itismoreexpensivethanhumanradiologists.答案：B解析：ThepassageexplicitlystatesthattheAIsystemperformedlessaccuratelyincasesofsmalloratypicalnodules.OptionBreflectsthislimitation.OptionAisincorrectbecausethestudyshowstheAIachievedhighaccuracy.OptionCisunsupported;thetextdoesnotdiscusstrainingdataneeds.OptionDisirrelevant;costisnotmentioned.4.题目：StemcelltherapyhasbeenexploredasapotentialtreatmentforneurodegenerativediseasessuchasAlzheimer’sdisease.Arecentclinicaltrialinvolving200patientswithearly-stageAlzheimer’sdiseasetestedtheefficacyofmesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)derivedfromumbilicalcordtissue.ThetrialshowedthatpatientsreceivingMSCtherapyhadamodestimprovementincognitivefunction,asmeasuredbytheMini-MentalStateExamination(MMSE),comparedtothecontrolgroup.However,theimprovementswerenotstatisticallysignificantafter12monthsoffollow-up.TheauthorssuggestthatwhileMSCtherapymaynotbeastandalonecure,itcouldstillplayaroleincombinationwithothertreatments.Theyalsonotethatthestudy’ssmallsamplesizemayhavelimitedtheabilitytodetectsignificanteffects.Futureresearchwithlargercohortsiswarranted.问题：Whatwasthemainoutcomeofthestemcelltherapytrialmentionedinthepassage?A.MSCtherapysignificantlyimprovedcognitivefunctioninAlzheimer’spatients.B.MSCtherapyhadnoeffectoncognitivefunction.C.MSCtherapyshowedmodestcognitiveimprovementsbutnotstatisticallysignificantafter12months.D.MSCtherapycausedsevereadverseeffectsinpatients.答案：C解析：ThepassagestatesthatMSCtherapyshowedmodestimprovementsincognitivefunction,butthesewerenotstatisticallysignificantafter12months.OptionCaccuratelycapturesthis.OptionAisincorrectbecausetheimprovementswerenotsignificant.OptionBcontradictsthetext;therewassomeimprovement.OptionDisunsupported;thepassagedoesnotmentionadverseeffects.二、完形填空（共5题，每题1分，计5分）题目：Theriseofantibiotic-resistantbacteriaposesaseriousthreattoglobalpublichealth.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),(1)resistanceisnowamajorconcernin(2)settings,includinghospitalsandcommunities.Oneoftheprimarydriversofthisproblemisthe(3)useofantibioticsinhumanmedicineandagriculture.Toaddressthisissue,(4)strategiesareneeded,suchasimprovinginfectioncontrolmeasuresandpromotingtheresponsibleuseofantibiotics.Additionally,(5)researchisessentialtodevelopnewantibioticsandalternativetreatments.选项：1.A.hasemergedB.willemergeC.emergeD.emerged2.A.criticalB.trivialC.remoteD.superficial3.A.indiscriminateB.judiciousC.moderateD.balanced4.A.effectiveB.reactiveC.proactiveD.passive5.A.basicB.appliedC.theoreticalD.preliminary答案：1.A,2.A,3.A,4.C,5.B解析：1."hasemerged"iscorrectbecauseresistanceisalreadyaproblem.2."critical"fitsthecontextofaserioushealththreat.3."indiscriminate"highlightstheexcessiveuseofantibiotics.4."proactive"suggestspreventivemeasures.5."applied"referstopracticalresearchforsolutions.三、翻译（共1题，计15分）题目：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese:"Geneeditingtechnologies,suchasCRISPR-Cas9,haverevolutionizedthefieldofmolecularbiology.ThesetoolsallowscientiststomakeprecisemodificationstoDNA,whichhassignificantimplicationsfortreatinggeneticdisorders.However,ethicalconcernsremain,particularlyregardingthepotentialforoff-targeteffectsandthelong-termconsequencesofgeneticalterations.Regulatorybodiesworldwideareworkingtoestablishguidelinestoensurethesafeandresponsibleuseofthesetechnologies.Despitethesechallenges,geneeditingholdsimmensepromiseforthefutureofmedicine."答案："基因编辑技术（如CRISPR-Cas9）彻底改变了分子生物学领域。这些工具使科学家能够对DNA进行精确修改，这对治疗遗传性疾病具有重要意义。然而，伦理问题仍然存在，特别是关于脱靶效应和基因改动的长期后果。全球监管机构正致力于制定指南，以确保这些技术的安全与负责任使用。尽管面临这些挑战，基因编辑为医学的未来带来了巨大希望。"四、词汇题（共10题，每题1分，计10分）1.题目：Thedrug(1)demonstratedahighefficacyrateintreating(2)infections,butitssideeffectprofileraisedconcernsamongclinicians.A.mitigate,bacterialB.exacerbate,viralC.alleviate,fungalD.potentiate,parasitic答案：C解析："alleviate"meanstoreducetheseverityofsomething,fittingthecontextoftreatinginfections."fungal"isacommontypeofinfectiontreatedbysuchdrugs.2.题目：Thepatient’s(3)conditionworsenedafterthesurgery,requiringadditional(4)interventions.A.acute,conservativeB.chronic,invasiveC.subacute,minimallyinvasiveD.latent,elective答案：B解析："chronic"referstolong-lastingconditions."invasive"interventionsareoftenneededforseverechroniccases.3.题目：The(5)therapyinvolvedtheadministrationof(6)cellstoregeneratedamagedtissues.A.immunomodulatory,mesenchymalB.chemotherapeutic,hematopoieticC.radiation,neuralD.surgical,fibroblast答案：A解析："immunomodulatory"isatypeoftherapy."mesenchymal"cellsareusedfortissueregeneration.4.题目：Thestudyfounda(7)correlationbetweenairpollutionlevelsandrespiratory(8)amongchildren.A.significant,disordersB.marginal,infectionsC.negligible,improvementsD.inverse,symptoms答案：A解析："significant"correlationmeansastrongrelationship."respiratorydisorders"arecommoneffectsofpollution.5.题目：The(9)patientpresentedwitha(10)ofsymptomsthatdefiedeasydiagnosis.A.asymptomatic,clusterB.symptomatic,patternC.oligosymptomatic,spectrumD.polymorphic,series答案：C解析："oligosymptomatic"meanshavingfewsymptoms."spectrum"referstoarangeofsymptoms.6.题目：The(11)natureofthediseaserequireslong-term(12)andmonitoring.A.chronic,interventionB.acute,prophylaxisC.degenerative,therapyD.infectious,vaccination答案：A解析："chronic"diseasesneedlong-termmanagement."intervention"ispartofchroniccare.7.题目：The(13)imagingrevealeda(14)lesioninthepatient’sliver.A.ultrasound,benignB.MRI,malignantC.CT,infectiousD.X-ray,inflammatory答案：B解析："MRI"isusedfordetailedimaging."malignant"lesionsarecommonfindings.8.题目：The(15)ofthedrugwashigh,butits(16)waslimitedbyitssideeffects.A.efficacy,availabilityB.toxicity,affordabilityC.bioavailability,accessibilityD.duration,efficacy答案：A解析："efficacy"referstoeffectiveness."availability"isoftenlimitedbytoxicity.9.题目：Thesurgeonperformeda(17)proceduretominimizeblood(18)duringtheoperation.A.laparoscopic,lossB.open,transfusionC.endoscopic,hemorrhageD.arthroscopic,exsanguination答案：A解析："laparoscopic"proceduresreducebloodloss."transfusion"islesslikelyhere.10.题目：The(19)therapyaimedto(20)thepatient’simmuneresponsetothetumor.A.immunotherapeutic,suppressB.chemotherapeutic,enhanceC.radiation,inhibitD.hormonal,modulate答案：A解析："immunotherapeutic"targetstheimmunesystem."suppress"isacommongoalin