直接引语变间接引语专项训练卷

在英语语法的学习旅程中，直接引语与间接引语的转换是一项核心技能，它不仅关乎语言的准确运用，更体现了对语境和逻辑的深刻理解。掌握这一技能，能让你的口语表达更流畅，书面写作更精炼，叙事能力更上一层楼。本专项训练卷旨在系统梳理直接引语变间接引语的核心规则与常见难点，并通过针对性练习，帮助你扎实掌握这一语法点。一、核心概念与转换基础直接引语，顾名思义，是直接引用他人的原话，通常置于引号之内，并需指明说话人及说话动作，如"Hesaid,'Iamhappy.'"。间接引语则是用自己的话转述他人的意思，无需引号，但其核心信息需与原话保持一致，如"Hesaidthathewashappy."。从直接引语到间接引语的转换，并非简单的词语替换，而是涉及人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语以及句式等多方面的调整。二、直接引语变间接引语的核心变化规则（一）人称代词的变化人称代词的调整是转换中最直观的部分，其基本原则是“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。*“一随主”：直接引语中的第一人称（I,we,my,our,mine,ours），在间接引语中需与主句的主语（即说话的转述者）的人称保持一致。*例：Shesaid,"Iwillgotothepark."→Shesaidthatshewouldgotothepark.*“二随宾”：直接引语中的第二人称（you,your,yours），在间接引语中需与主句的宾语（即听话的被转述者，如果主句没有宾语，则需根据上下文或实际情况确定）的人称保持一致。*例：Hetoldme,"Youareright."→HetoldmethatIwasright.(me是主句宾语，故you变为I)*例：ShesaidtoTom,"Yourbookisonthedesk."→ShetoldTomthathisbookwasonthedesk.*“第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称（he,she,it,they,his,her,its,their,theirs），在间接引语中通常保持不变，因为它们所指代的对象在转述前后并未发生改变。*例：Theysaid,"Heisworkinghard."→Theysaidthathewasworkinghard.（二）动词时态的变化当主句的谓语动词是过去时态（如said,told,asked等）时，间接引语中的动词时态通常需要“后退一步”，以体现时间上的相对性。这是转换中的难点，需要特别注意。*一般现在时→一般过去时*例：Hesaid,"Ilikeapples."→Hesaidthathelikedapples.*现在进行时→过去进行时*例：Shesaid,"Iamreadinganovel."→Shesaidthatshewasreadinganovel.*现在完成时→过去完成时*例：Theysaid,"Wehavefinishedthework."→Theysaidthattheyhadfinishedthework.*一般过去时→过去完成时(若直接引语中已有明确的过去时间状语，有时也可不变，但通常建议后退)*例：Hesaid,"Isawheryesterday."→Hesaidthathehadseenherthedaybefore.(yesterday也需相应变化)*一般将来时→过去将来时(will→would;shall→should)（三）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化这些词语在直接引语中往往与说话人所处的特定语境相关，转换为间接引语时，需根据转述时的语境进行调整。*指示代词：*this→that*these→those*例：Hesaid,"Thisismypen."→Hesaidthatthatwashispen.*时间状语：*now→then*today→thatday*yesterday→thedaybefore/thepreviousday*tomorrow→thenextday/thefollowingday*nextweek/month/year→thenextweek/month/year/thefollowingweek/month/year*lastweek/month/year→theweek/month/yearbefore/thepreviousweek/month/year*ago→before*例：Shesaid,"Iwillgotheretomorrow."→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.*地点状语：*here→there*例：Hesaid,"Iamstayinghere."→Hesaidthathewasstayingthere.（四）句式的变化1.陈述句：间接引语通常由连词"that"引导，"that"在口语中常可省略。*例：Marysaid,"Ienjoyplayingpiano."→Marysaid(that)sheenjoyedplayingpiano.2.一般疑问句：间接引语由连词"if"或"whether"引导，且从句须用陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）。主句中的谓语动词常用"ask"等表示询问的词。*例：Heaskedme,"Doyoulikecoffee?"→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedcoffee.3.特殊疑问句：间接引语由原来的疑问词（what,who,when,where,why,how等）引导，从句同样用陈述句语序。*例：SheaskedTom,"Wheredoyoulive?"→SheaskedTomwherehelived.4.祈使句：间接引语通常采用"ask/tell/order/advisesb.(not)todosth."的结构。*肯定祈使句：Hesaidtome,"Openthedoor."→Hetold/askedmetoopenthedoor.*否定祈使句：Shesaidtohim,"Don'tsmokehere."→Shetold/askedhimnottosmokethere.三、特殊情况及注意事项1.直接引语为客观真理、客观事实、谚语、名人名言等：即使主句为过去时，间接引语的时态也可以保持不变。*例：Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.2.直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，且该动作与主句动作的时间关系清晰：有时时态也可不变，但这种情况需谨慎使用。*例：Hesaid,"Iwasbornin1990."→Hesaidthathewasbornin1990.(此处1990为明确过去时间，wasborn为状态，不变也可接受)3.主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时：间接引语的时态通常无需变化。*例：Hesays,"Iambusynow."→Hesays(that)heisbusynow.*Shewilltellus,"Theyhavearrived."→Shewilltellus(that)theyhavearrived.4.情态动词的变化：*can→could*may→might*must→must/hadto(must表示“必须”时，间接引语中可变为hadto；表示“推测”时，可用must或might)*will→would*shall→should/would(shall用于第一人称表示将来时，间接引语中变为should或would)*例：Hesaid,"Icanswim."→Hesaidthathecouldswim.*例：Shesaid,"Youmustfinishittoday."→ShesaidthatIhadtofinishitthatday.四、实战演练：直接引语变间接引语专项练习（一）基础转换练习：将下列直接引语转换为间接引语1.Tomsaid,"Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparentstomorrow."2.Marytoldme,"Ihavefinishedmyhomework."3.Theteachersaid,"Thesunrisesintheeast."4.Heasked,"DoyouspeakEnglish?"5.Shesaidtohim,"Wheredidyougoyesterday?"6.Mymothersaid,"Don'tplaywithfire."7.Theysaid,"Wewillhaveapartynextweek."8.Theboyshouted,"Ifoundawallethere!"（二）综合提升练习：根据语境，完成间接引语转换9."IwillhelpyouwithyourEnglish,"myfriendpromisedme.→Myfriendpromisedmethat________________.10.Thedoctoraskedthepatient,"Howlonghaveyouhadthisheadache?"→Thedoctoraskedthepatient________________.11."Pleasepassmethesalt,"shesaidtoherhusband.→Sheaskedherhusband________________.12.Hesaid,"ImustleavenowbecauseIhaveameeting."→Hesaidthat________________.→Lilyexplainedthat________________.14.Thepolicemanwarnedthechildren,"Don'tcrosstheroadwhenthelightisred."→Thepolicemanwarnedthechildren________________.15."Isthereapostofficenearhere?"thestrangeraskedme.→Thestrangeraskedme________________.五、参考答案与解析（部分典型题）（以下仅提供部分参考答案思路，完整答案需自行对照规则仔细推敲）1.Tomsaidthathewasgoingtovisithisgrandparentsthenextday.（解析：I→he,amgoing→wasgoing,tomorrow→thenextday）4.Heaskedif/whetherIspokeEnglish.（解析：一般疑问句，用if/whether引导，you→I,dospeak→spoke）6.Mymothertoldmenottoplaywithfire.（解析：否定祈使句，用tellsb.nottodosth.结构，here→there在此句中可省略，因“玩火”为泛指）10.Thedoctoraskedthepatienthowlonghe/shehadhadthatheadache.（解析：特殊疑问句，疑问词howlong引导，you→he/she,havehad→hadhad,this→that）14.Thepolicemanwarnedthec