定语从句专项复习及练习

定语从句专项复习及练习在英语的万千句式中，定语从句如同一位精准的修饰者，让名词的形象更加丰满，意义更加明确。掌握定语从句，是提升语言表达准确性与丰富性的关键一步。本次专项复习，我们将一同回顾定语从句的核心要点，并通过练习加以巩固，以期达到运用自如的境界。一、定语从句的概念与作用定语从句，顾名思义，是用作定语的从句，它通常置于被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）之后，用以补充说明先行词的性质、特征、状态或所属关系等。其作用相当于一个形容词，故亦有“形容词性从句”之称。例如，在“Thebookthatliesonthedeskismine.”一句中，“thatliesonthedesk”便是定语从句，修饰先行词“thebook”，明确了是哪一本书。二、关系代词的用法引导定语从句的关联词主要分为关系代词和关系副词。我们先来梳理关系代词的用法。1.who,whom,whose*who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，非正式语境中也可用whom）。*Thisisthegirlwhohelpedmeyesterday.（作主语）*Themanwho/whomyoumetintheparkismyuncle.（作宾语，可省略）*whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语，通常用于正式语境或介词之后。*Theprofessorwhomwevisitedlastweekisveryknowledgeable.*TowhomshouldIaddressthisletter?（介词后，不可用who替代，亦不可省略）*whose：指代人或物，在从句中作定语，其后接名词，表示“……的”。*Sheisthestudentwhoseessaywonthefirstprize.（指人）*Theyliveinahousewhoseroofisred.（指物，相当于theroofofwhich）2.which,that*which：指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。*Thenovelwhichwaswrittenbythisauthorisverypopular.（作主语）*Thecarwhichmyfatherboughtlastmonthisblue.（作宾语，可省略）*that：既可指代人也可指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。*Heistheboythatoftenhelpsothers.（指人，作主语）*Thestorythatshetolduswasveryinteresting.（指物，作宾语，可省略）使用that而非which的常见情况：*先行词被序数词、最高级形容词修饰时。*ThisisthefirstlessonthatIlearnedinthisschool.*ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.*先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。*IhavetoldhimallthatIknow.*Thereisnothingthatcanstopusnow.*先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰时。*Heistheonlypersonthatcansolvethisproblem.*ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.*先行词既指人又指物时。*Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatwehadvisited.3.as*as引导定语从句时，先行词前常有such,so,thesame等词修饰，或用于固定结构asisknowntoall（众所周知）等。*Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).*Asisoftenthecase,hewaslateforclass.三、关系副词的用法关系副词在定语从句中作状语，主要有when,where,why。*when：指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year等）。*Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.（=onwhich）*where：指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词（如place,room,city等）。*ThisisthehousewhereIgrewup.（=inwhich）*why：指代原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason。*Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewasabsent?（=forwhich）四、定语从句的几个重点与难点1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句*限制性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，不可或缺，若去掉，主句意思不完整或不明确。从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。*Thestudentswhostudyhardwillpasstheexam.（若去掉从句，“Thestudentswillpasstheexam”所指不明）*非限制性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主句意思依然完整。从句与主句之间常用逗号隔开。引导非限制性定语从句时，指人用who/whom，指物用which，不用that。*Mybrother,whoisadoctor,worksinanearbyhospital.（“我哥哥是医生”是补充说明，去掉主句依然成立）*TheGreatWall,whichisoneofthewondersoftheworld,attractsmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.2.“介词+关系代词”结构关系代词whom,which可用于“介词+关系代词”结构中，在从句中作状语。介词的选择取决于先行词与介词的搭配习惯，或从句中谓语动词与介词的固定搭配。*ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.（referto提及）*Thehouseinwhichhelivesisveryold.（livein居住在）*Thereasonforwhichhewaslateisunknown.（forthereason由于……原因）3.关系代词在从句中作主语时，主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。*HeisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.（先行词是students,复数）*HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatEnglish.（先行词是theonlyone,单数）五、巩固练习练习一：用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空（可省略的用括号标出）1.Thisisthemuseum________wevisitedlastweek.2.Thegirl________hairisredismyclassmate.3.I’llneverforgettheday________Ijoinedthearmy.4.Thereason________hewaslateisnotclear.5.Thisisthebestfilm________Ihaveeverseen.6.Theman________youtalkedtojustnowisourheadmaster.7.Weliveinahouse________windowsfacesouth.8.Isthereanything________Icandoforyou?9.Hetoldmeastory,________Ifoundhardtobelieve.10.Thescientist________wemetyesterdayhasmadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.练习二：选择最佳答案1.Thebook________coverisblueismine.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who2.Istillrememberthedays________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.onwhich3.Doyouknowtheman________isstandingatthedoor?A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whose4.Thisisthefactory________myfatherworkedtenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.theone5.As________knowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.isB.areC.whichD.that练习三：判断下列句子是否正确，错误的请改正1.ThisisthepenwhichIboughtityesterday.2.Heisthemanaboutwhowearetalking.3.Ihaveafriend,heisalawyer.4.Thereasonwhyhegavewasnottrue.5.Allwhathesaidistrue.练习四：将下列简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句1.Thegirlismysister.Sheiswearingareddress.2.Thisisthecity.Iwasborninthiscity.3.Hetoldusastory.Thestorymadeuslaugh.4.Wevisitedthemuseum.Manyancientartifactsaredisplayedinthemuseum.5.Iwillneverforgetthetime.Westudiedtogetherduringthattime.参考答案练习一1.(which/that)（作宾语，可省略）2.whose3.when（或onwhich）4.why（或forwhich）5.that6.(whom/who/that)（作宾语，可省略）7.whose（或thewindowsofwhich）8.that9.which10.(whom/who/that)（作宾语，可省略）练习二1.C2.C3.B4.A5.A练习三1.错误。改正：ThisisthepenwhichIboughtyesterday.（去掉it，which已指代thepen并作宾语）2.错误。改正：Heisthemanaboutwhomwearetalking.（介词后用whom）3.错误。改正：Ihaveafriend,whoisalawyer.（非限制性定语从句，用who指代friend）4.正确。（why引导定语从句，修饰reason，在从句中作状语；此处也可用which/that引导，作gave的宾语）5.错误。改正：Allthathesaidistrue.（或Whathesaidistrue.）（all是不定代词，后用that引导定语从句）练习四1.Thegirlwho/thatiswearingareddressismysister.2.Thisisthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.或Thisisthecitywhich/thatIwasbornin.3.Hetoldusastorywhich/t