2025年一级翻译专业资格考试题库含答案

2025年一级翻译专业资格考试题库含答案一、笔译实务（中译英）（一）当前，我国正在全面推进新型工业化，以数字技术与实体经济深度融合为核心驱动力，加快构建现代化产业体系。2023年，我国数字经济规模突破50万亿元，占GDP比重达41.5%，其中工业互联网核心产业规模超2.2万亿元，连接设备超8000万台（套）。在高端芯片、工业软件、智能机器人等领域，关键核心技术攻关取得突破性进展，例如自主研发的7纳米芯片实现量产，国产工业软件在航空航天、汽车制造等重点行业渗透率提升至35%。新型工业化不仅推动传统产业智能化改造，更催生了智能网联汽车、增材制造、生物制造等一批战略性新兴产业，2023年战略性新兴产业增加值占GDP比重已达13.4%，较上年提高1.2个百分点。参考答案：Chinaiscurrentlyadvancingnew-typeindustrializationinanall-roundway,withthedeepintegrationofdigitaltechnologyandtherealeconomyasthecoredrivingforce,toacceleratetheconstructionofamodernindustrialsystem.In2023,China’sdigitaleconomyexceeded50trillionyuan,accountingfor41.5%ofGDP.Amongthis,thecoreindustrialinternetindustryreachedover2.2trillionyuan,connectingmorethan80milliondevices.Breakthroughshavebeenmadeinkeycoretechnologiesinfieldssuchashigh-endchips,industrialsoftware,andintelligentrobots.Forexample,self-developed7-nanometerchipshaveenteredmassproduction,andthepenetrationrateofdomesticindustrialsoftwareinkeysectorslikeaerospaceandautomotivemanufacturinghasincreasedto35%.New-typeindustrializationnotonlypromotestheintelligenttransformationoftraditionalindustriesbutalsogivesbirthtoanumberofstrategicemergingindustries,includingintelligentconnectedvehicles,additivemanufacturing,andbio-manufacturing.In2023,theaddedvalueofstrategicemergingindustriesaccountedfor13.4%ofGDP,anincreaseof1.2percentagepointsoverthepreviousyear.（二）中华文明探源工程实证了我国百万年的人类史、一万年的文化史、五千多年的文明史。浙江良渚古城遗址出土的水利系统、玉器作坊、宫殿区等遗迹，展现了距今5300至4300年长江下游地区已出现早期国家形态；河南二里头遗址发现的宫城、青铜礼器、文字雏形等，印证了距今3800至3500年中原地区已进入王朝文明阶段。这些考古发现不仅填补了中华文明早期发展的关键空白，更以实物证据驳斥了“中华文明西来说”等错误观点。近年来，“考古中国”重大项目持续推进，通过多学科联合攻关，在湖北屈家岭、陕西石峁等遗址取得新突破，为构建中华文明多元一体格局的时空框架提供了更丰富的支撑。参考答案：TheProjectofExploringtheOriginsofChineseCivilizationhasempiricallyconfirmedChina’smillion-yearhumanhistory,ten-thousand-yearculturalhistory,andoverfive-thousand-yearcivilizationalhistory.Relicssuchasthewaterconservancysystem,jadeworkshops,andpalaceareasunearthedattheLiangzhuAncientCitySiteinZhejiangdemonstratethatearlystateformsemergedinthelowerYangtzeRiverregion5,300to4,300yearsago.Discoveriesincludingthepalacecity,bronzeritualvessels,andproto-writingattheErlitouSiteinHenanconfirmthattheCentralPlainsregionenteredthedynasticcivilizationstage3,800to3,500yearsago.ThesearchaeologicalfindingsnotonlyfillcriticalgapsintheearlydevelopmentofChinesecivilizationbutalsorefuteerroneousclaimslikethe“WesternOriginofChineseCivilization”withphysicalevidence.Inrecentyears,the“ArchaeologyChina”majorprojecthascontinuedtoadvance,achievingnewbreakthroughsatsitessuchasQujialinginHubeiandShimaoinShaanxithroughinterdisciplinarycollaboration,providingrichersupportforconstructingthetemporalandspatialframeworkofthepluralisticandintegratedpatternofChinesecivilization.（三）2023年，我国新能源汽车产销量分别达到958.7万辆和949.5万辆，连续9年位居全球第一，市场渗透率达31.6%。在技术创新方面，磷酸铁锂刀片电池能量密度突破200Wh/kg，固态电池实验室循环寿命超过1万次；智能驾驶领域，L2级辅助驾驶装配率超50%，部分车型已实现L3级有条件自动驾驶。产业链配套能力持续增强，动力电池回收利用体系覆盖全国31个省份，碳酸锂、氢氧化锂等关键原材料自给率提升至85%以上。新能源汽车出口成为新增长极，2023年出口量达120.3万辆，同比增长77.6%，覆盖全球126个国家和地区，其中对欧洲、东南亚市场出口占比分别为45%和28%。参考答案：In2023,China’sproductionandsalesofnewenergyvehicles(NEVs)reached9.587millionand9.495millionunitsrespectively,rankingfirstgloballyfornineconsecutiveyears,withamarketpenetrationrateof31.6%.Intermsoftechnologicalinnovation,theenergydensityoflithiumironphosphatebladebatterieshasexceeded200Wh/kg,andsolid-statebatterieshaveachievedalaboratorycyclelifeofover10,000times.Inthefieldofintelligentdriving,theinstallationrateofL2-levelassisteddrivinghasexceeded50%,andsomemodelshaverealizedconditionalL3-levelautonomousdriving.Thesupportingcapacityoftheindustrialchainhascontinuouslystrengthened:thepowerbatteryrecyclingsystemcoversall31provinces,andtheself-sufficiencyrateofkeyrawmaterialssuchaslithiumcarbonateandlithiumhydroxidehasincreasedtoover85%.NEVexportshavebecomeanewgrowthpole,with1.203millionunitsexportedin2023,ayear-on-yearincreaseof77.6%,covering126countriesandregionsworldwide.ExportstoEuropeandSoutheastAsiaaccountedfor45%and28%ofthetotalrespectively.二、笔译实务（英译中）（一）TheGlobalInnovationIndex2023,releasedbyWIPO,ranksChina12thglobally,upfrom34thadecadeago,makingittheonlymiddle-incomecountryinthetop15.ThisprogressisdrivenbyrobustinvestmentinR&D—China’sR&Dexpenditurereached3.1trillionyuanin2022,accountingfor2.55%ofGDP—andaflourishingecosystemofinnovation.Thenumberofhigh-techenterpriseshasgrownfrom49,000in2012to400,000in2022,withtheirR&Dinvestmentaccountingfor70%ofthenationaltotal.Universitiesandresearchinstitutionsarealsoplayingakeyrole:TsinghuaUniversityandPekingUniversityareamongthetop50globalinstitutionsinthe“Institutions”pillaroftheindex,whileShenzhen,Hangzhou,andShanghairankamongtheworld’stop20scienceandtechnologyclusters.参考答案：世界知识产权组织发布的《2023年全球创新指数》显示，中国全球排名从十年前的第34位跃升至第12位，成为唯一进入前15名的中等收入国家。这一进展得益于强劲的研发投入——2022年中国研发经费支出达3.1万亿元，占GDP比重2.55%——以及蓬勃发展的创新生态。高新技术企业数量从2012年的4.9万家增至2022年的40万家，其研发投入占全国总量的70%。高校和科研机构也发挥关键作用：清华大学、北京大学入选指数“机构”维度全球前50强，深圳、杭州、上海跻身全球科技集群前20强。（二）TheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)hasfacilitatedover3,000cooperationprojectsacross152countriessinceitslaunchin2013.In2023,tradevolumebetweenChinaandBRIpartnercountriesreached23.97trillionyuan,accountingfor47.8%ofChina’stotalforeigntrade.KeyinfrastructureprojectssuchastheJakarta-BandungHigh-SpeedRailway,whichreducedtraveltimebetweenthetwocitiesfrom3.5hoursto40minutes,andtheMombasa-NairobiStandardGaugeRailway,whichincreasedKenya’scargocapacityby2.5times,havesignificantlyimprovedregionalconnectivity.Beyondhardware,theBRIhaspromotedpeople-to-peopleexchanges:over300,000internationalstudentsfromBRIcountriesarestudyinginChina,and153ConfuciusInstituteshavebeenestablishedinpartnercountries,fosteringmutualunderstandingthrougheducationandculture.参考答案：自2013年提出以来，“一带一路”倡议已在152个国家推动实施超3000个合作项目。2023年，中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易额达23.97万亿元，占中国外贸总额的47.8%。雅万高铁将雅加达至万隆通行时间从3.5小时缩短至40分钟，蒙内铁路使肯尼亚货运能力提升2.5倍，此类关键基础设施项目显著提升了区域联通水平。除“硬联通”外，“一带一路”还促进了人文交流：超30万“一带一路”国家留学生在华学习，153所孔子学院在沿线国家设立，通过教育文化增进相互理解。（三）TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)notedinits2024reportthatChinahasbecomeagloballeaderinrenewableenergydeployment.Bytheendof2023,China’sinstalledcapacityofwindandsolarpowerexceeded1.2billionkilowatts,accountingfor43%oftheglobaltotal.Thecountry’scarbonmarket,launchedin2021,nowcovers2,200powergenerationenterprises,withcumulativetradingvolumereaching230milliontonsofcarbondioxideequivalent,makingittheworld’slargestcompliancecarbonmarket.China’scommitmenttopeakcarbonemissionsby2030andachievecarbonneutralityby2060isdrivinginnovationingreentechnologies:investmentsinhydrogenenergy,carboncapture,andsmartgridsystemshavegrownbyanaverageof25%annuallyoverthepastfiveyears,creatingnewopportunitiesforglobalclimatecooperation.参考答案：联合国环境规划署2024年报告指出，中国已成为全球可再生能源部署的引领者。截至2023年底，中国风电、光伏发电装机容量超12亿千瓦，占全球总量的43%。2021年启动的全国碳市场目前覆盖2200家发电企业，累计成交量达2.3亿吨二氧化碳当量，成为全球最大的强制碳市场。中国“2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和”的承诺正推动绿色技术创新：过去五年，氢能、碳捕捉、智能电网等领域投资年均增长25%，为全球气候合作创造新机遇。（四）ArecentstudybytheBrookingsInstitutionhighlightstherapiddevelopmentofChina’smedicaldeviceindustry.