2026年英语托福考试高难度听力试题集

2026年英语托福考试高难度听力试题集Section1:LectureQuestions(共5题，每题2分，总分10分)场景：美国某大学人类学讲座——古代玛雅文明的社会结构题目1(2分)ProfessorThompsondiscussestheorganizationofMayancities.Accordingtothelecture,whatwastheprimaryfunctionofthe"acropolis"inatypicalMayansettlement?A)Itservedasaresidentialareaforcommoncitizens.B)Ithousedreligioustemplesandroyalpalaces.C)Itwasusedforagriculturalstorage.D)Itfunctionedasadefensivefortification.答案与解析答案：B解析：讲座中提到，Mayanacropolis（城邦中心高地）是统治阶级和祭司居住的场所，同时也是举行宗教仪式的核心区域。选项A错误，因为普通居民住在城市外围；选项C错误，储粮设施通常位于地下或郊区；选项D错误，防御工事多见于城市边缘。只有B符合讲座内容。题目2(2分)TheprofessormentionsakeydebateamongarchaeologistsregardingMayantradenetworks.WhatdoesthelecturesuggestabouttheextentofMayantradewithdistantregionslikeMexico?A)Tradewaslimitedtosmall-scalelocalexchanges.B)Thereisstrongevidenceofextensivelong-distancetrade.C)Mosttradewascontrolledbyforeignmerchants.D)Mayansprimarilytradedwithintheirowncities.答案与解析答案：B解析：讲座指出，考古发现（如陶器、玉器等）表明Mayans与墨西哥南部地区存在广泛的贸易往来，但部分学者对贸易规模仍有争议。选项A和D过于绝对；选项C未提及；选项B准确反映了讲座中的观点。题目3(2分)Accordingtothelecture,howdidMayansocietystructureitslaborforce?A)Laborwasdividedbasedonfamilylineage.B)Allworkerswereenslavedbythenobility.C)Specializedguildsmanagedmostproduction.D)Laborwasorganizedbygenderrolesalone.答案与解析答案：A解析：教授提到，Mayan社会通过父系血缘分配职业，例如农民、工匠、祭司等，通常子承父业。选项B与历史事实不符；选项C未提及；选项D过于简化，性别并非唯一标准。题目4(2分)TheprofessorcontrastsMayanwritingwithotherancientscripts.Whatisonekeydifferencehighlightedinthelecture?A)Mayanglyphswereprimarilypictographic.B)Mayansdidnotdevelopafullyfunctionalwritingsystem.C)Theirscriptlackedaphoneticcomponent.D)Itwaswrittenexclusivelyonpaper.答案与解析答案：C解析：讲座指出，Mayan文字与埃及象形文字类似，主要依赖图像符号，但缺乏类似希腊字母的表音系统。选项A部分正确但非核心差异；选项B错误，Mayan有成熟文字；选项D完全错误。题目5(2分)TheprofessorconcludesbydiscussingMayanastronomicalknowledge.WhatevidencedoesshecitetosupporttheclaimthatMayanswereskilledastronomers?A)Theybuiltlargeobservatoriessimilartomodernones.B)Theircalendaralignedwithsolarandlunarcycles.C)Theyusedadvancedtelescopestotrackstars.D)Theyaccuratelypredictedplanetarymovements.答案与解析答案：B解析：讲座提到，Mayan历法精确记录了金星、太阳和月亮的周期，显示其天文学造诣。选项A和C不符合历史；选项D虽有一定依据，但未作为主要证据；选项B最符合讲座内容。Section2:ConversationQuestions(共5题，每题2分，总分10分)场景：美国大学图书馆咨询——学生Sarah咨询如何撰写关于“气候变化对北极熊影响”的论文题目6(2分)WhydoesSarahhesitatetousetheprofessor’ssuggestedtopicforherpaper?A)Shelacksinterestinpolarbears.B)Thetopicistoobroadforashortpaper.C)Shehasalreadyresearchedsimilarsubjects.D)Thelibrarylacksrelevantsources.答案与解析答案：B解析：对话中，Sarah解释说教授建议的“气候变化与北极熊”主题过于宏大，难以在规定字数内深入探讨。选项A、C、D均未被提及。题目7(2分)WhatspecificresourcedoestheprofessorrecommendforSarahtoanalyzetheimpactofmeltingseaiceonpolarbears?A)AdocumentaryonArcticwildlife.B)AscientificjournalarticlebyDr.Evans.C)Agovernmentreportonclimatechange.D)Alocalzoo’sresearchdatabase.答案与解析答案：B解析：教授明确建议Sarah查阅Dr.Evans发表在《JournalofPolarBiology》上的论文，该研究专门分析海冰减少对北极熊生存的影响。其他选项未提及。题目8(2分)HowdoestheprofessorsuggestSarahnarrowdownherresearchfocus?A)Bylimitingthetimeperiodstudied.B)Byfocusingonaspecificpolarbearpopulation.C)Byexcludingeconomicimpacts.D)Bycomparingonlymaleandfemalebears.答案与解析答案：B解析：教授建议Sarah选择某地区（如Alaska或Siberia）的北极熊种群作为案例，以减少研究范围。选项A、C、D均未被讨论。题目9(2分)WhatconcerndoesSarahexpressabouthersources?A)Theyaretoooutdated.B)Theyarenotpeer-reviewed.C)Theylacksufficientdataonbearbehavior.D)Theyaretootechnicalforherlevel.答案与解析答案：D解析：Sarah承认部分学术论文术语复杂，难以理解。选项A、B、C均未被提及。题目10(2分)WhatactiondoestheprofessorsuggestSarahtakenext?A)Visitthesciencelabforadditionaldata.B)Scheduleanothermeetingtodiscusssources.C)Startwritingimmediatelywiththegivenmaterials.D)Attendaguestlectureonpolarecology.答案与解析答案：B解析：教授建议Sarah先整理现有资料，下周再来进一步讨论文献选择问题。选项A、C、D均未被提及。Section3:AcademicDiscussionQuestions(共5题，每题2分，总分10分)场景：美国大学关于“人工智能伦理”的课堂讨论题目11(2分)WhatistheprimaryconcernraisedbyStudentAabouttheuseofAIinhiringdecisions?A)Itmayintroducehumanbiases.B)Itreducesjobopeningsforgraduates.C)Itistooexpensiveforsmallcompanies.D)Itlacksemotionalintelligence.答案与解析答案：A解析：StudentA指出，AI系统可能因训练数据中的偏见（如性别或种族歧视）做出不公正的招聘决定。其他选项未被讨论。题目12(2分)HowdoesProfessorLeecounterStudentA’sargument?A)BysayingAIcaneliminateallhumanbiases.B)Bypointingoutlegalprotectionsagainstdiscrimination.C)ByemphasizingtheefficiencyofAIoverhumans.D)Byquestioningthevalidityofthedataused.答案与解析答案：B解析：教授回应称，尽管存在风险，但法律已要求企业定期检测和修正AI算法中的歧视性倾向。选项A过于绝对；选项C和D未被提及。题目13(2分)WhatsolutiondoesStudentBproposetoaddressAIethicsissues?A)BanningAIinallsectors.B)Implementingmandatoryhumanoversight.C)EncouragingmorediversityinAIdevelopment.D)TrainingAItomimichumanemotions.答案与解析答案：C解析：StudentB建议增加AI研发团队的多样性，以减少文化或认知偏见。其他选项未被讨论。题目14(2分)WhatexampledoesProfessorLeegivetoillustrateAI’spotentialharm?A)Aself-drivingcarcausinganaccident.B)AImisclassifyingscientificdata.C)AnAIchatbotspreadingmisinformation.D)AIreplacingallhumanjobs.答案与解析答案：A解析：教授以自动驾驶汽车因算法错误导致事故为例，说明AI在复杂决策中可能产生灾难性后果。其他选项未被提及。题目15(2分)WhatdoesthediscussionconcludeaboutbalancingAIben