英语主动句转被动句练习集

英语主动句转被动句练习集主动句与被动句的转换是英语语法中的一项基础且重要的技能，它不仅能丰富你的表达方式，更能让你在写作与口语中根据语境灵活调整信息焦点。本练习集旨在通过系统的讲解与渐进式的练习，帮助你扎实掌握这一转换技巧。一、主动句转被动句的基本原理与步骤在英语中，主动语态强调动作的执行者（主语），而被动语态则强调动作的承受者（原宾语，在被动句中成为主语）。转换的核心在于将主动句的宾语提升为被动句的主语，并通过助动词“be”的适当形式与主要动词的过去分词构成被动谓语。基本转换步骤：1.确定主动句的宾语：这将成为被动句的主语。2.将主动句的谓语动词变为被动形式：即"be动词+主要动词的过去分词(PastParticiple)"。be动词的时态、人称和数需与新主语（原宾语）保持一致。3.将主动句的主语变为被动句中由介词"by"引导的介词宾语：若动作的执行者在语境中不重要或不言自明，"by+执行者"结构可以省略。4.保持句子的其他成分（如状语）不变。示例：*主动句：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(许多人说英语。)*宾语：English*谓语动词：speak→被动形式：isspoken(一般现在时，主语English为第三人称单数)*原主语：Manypeople→bymanypeople*被动句：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(英语被许多人说。)关键提示：*并非所有主动句都能转换为被动句。只有当主动句具有明确的宾语（及物动词）时，才能进行被动转换。*被动语态的时态变化体现在助动词"be"上，过去分词保持不变。二、主动句转被动句专项练习练习一：基础时态转换(一般现在时&一般过去时)将下列主动句转换为被动句，注意时态的正确运用。1.Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.3.Shewrotealetteryesterday.4.Theybuiltanewbridgelastyear.5.Ourteacherexplainstherulesclearly.6.Thedogchasedthecat.7.Mymothercooksdinnereveryevening.8.Theworkersrepairedtheroad.9.Hedeliversthenewspaperinthemorning.10.Thestudentsfinishedtheirhomeworkontime.练习二：包含多种时态的转换将下列主动句转换为被动句，注意不同时态下被动语态的构成。1.Thechefispreparingthemealnow.(现在进行时)3.Thegovernmentwillbuildanewhospitalhere.(一般将来时)4.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.(过去进行时)5.Wehadfinishedthetaskbeforethedeadline.(过去完成时)6.Themanagerisgoingtoannouncetheresulttomorrow.(一般将来时begoingto)7.Peoplehaveforgottenthisincident.(现在完成时)8.Thechildrenwereplantingtreesinthegarden.(过去进行时)9.Thisfactorymakestoysforchildren.(一般现在时)10.Thestormdamagedseveralhouseslastnight.(一般过去时)练习三：含情态动词的转换将下列含情态动词(can,may,must,should,will,would等)的主动句转换为被动句。*被动结构：情态动词+be+过去分词*1.YoumustfinishthisworkbyFriday.2.Wecansolvethisproblemeasily.3.Peopleshouldrespecttheelderly.4.Everyonemustobeythelaw.5.Theymaycancelthemeeting.6.YoucanimproveyourEnglishwithpractice.7.Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.8.Someonemusthavetakenmyumbrella.(注意：情态动词+havebeen+过去分词)9.Youshouldwatertheseplantseveryday.10.Theywillannouncethewinnersoon.练习四：复杂句式与特殊结构转换挑战一下！将下列更复杂的主动句转换为被动句。1.TheteacheraskedTomtoanswerthequestion.(主动句：asksb.todosth.)2.Peoplebelievethatsheisanhonestperson.(主动句：Peoplebelievethat...)3.Theyarebuildinganewschoolinourneighborhood.(现在进行时)6.Youshouldnotthrowrubbishhere.(否定句)7.Didtheytellyouthetruth?(疑问句)8.Theywillhavefinishedtheprojectbynextmonth.(将来完成时)9.Thedoctoradvisedhimtotakearest.10.Peoplesaythatheisveryrich.三、练习答案与解析要点练习一答案参考：1.Riceisgrowninthesouth(bypeople).3.Aletterwaswrittenbyheryesterday.4.Anewbridgewasbuilt(bythem)lastyear.5.Therulesareexplainedclearlybyourteacher.6.Thecatwaschasedbythedog.7.Dinneriscookedbymymothereveryevening.8.Theroadwasrepairedbytheworkers.9.Thenewspaperisdelivered(byhim)inthemorning.10.Theirhomeworkwasfinishedontimebythestudents.*解析要点：*注意一般现在时被动用"am/is/are+过去分词"，一般过去时被动用"was/were+过去分词"。括号中的"by..."结构在不强调执行者时可省略。练习二答案参考：1.Themealisbeingpreparedbythechefnow.2.Thisproblemhasbeensolved(byus)easily.3.Anewhospitalwillbebuiltherebythegovernment.4.AnovelwasbeingreadbyherwhenIcamein.5.Thetaskhadbeenfinished(byus)beforethedeadline.6.Theresultisgoingtobeannouncedtomorrowbythemanager.7.Thisincidenthasbeenforgotten(bypeople).8.Treeswerebeingplantedinthegardenbythechildren.9.Toysaremadeforchildreninthisfactory.10.Severalhousesweredamagedbythestormlastnight.*解析要点：*关注不同时态下"be"动词的变化，如"isbeingdone","hasbeendone","willbedone","wasbeingdone","hadbeendone"。练习三答案参考：1.ThisworkmustbefinishedbyFriday.2.Thisproblemcanbesolvedeasily.3.Theelderlyshouldberespected.4.Thelawmustbeobeyed(byeveryone).5.Themeetingmaybecancelled(bythem).6.YourEnglishcanbeimprovedwithpractice.7.Theenvironmentshouldbeprotected.8.Myumbrellamusthavebeentaken(bysomeone).9.Theseplantsshouldbewateredeveryday.10.Thewinnerwillbeannouncedsoon.*解析要点：*情态动词本身不变，其后接"be+过去分词"。对于"musthavedone"这类表示对过去推测的结构，被动为"musthavebeendone"。练习四答案参考：1.Tomwasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.2.Itisbelievedthatsheisanhonestperson.或Sheisbelievedtobeanhonestperson.3.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourneighborhood(bythem).6.Rubbishshouldnotbethrownhere.7.Wereyoutoldthetruth(bythem)?或Wasthetruthtoldtoyou(bythem)?8.Theprojectwillhavebeenfinishedbynextmonth(bythem).9.Hewasadvisedtotakearestbythedoctor.10.Itissaidthatheisveryrich.或Heissaidtobeveryrich.*解析要点：**"asksb.todosth."变为"sb.beaskedtodosth."。*"Peoplebelieve/saythat..."这类结构，被动常用"Itisbelieved/saidthat..."或"Sb./Sth.isbelieved/saidtobe/do..."。*疑问句的被动转换，将助动词"be"提前。*否定句在情态动词或